Research Projects

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    3

    3D Content Creation Made Easy Through Non-Photorealism
    We are developing tools for stylized content creation, via interfaces for (1) easily sketching general free-form shapes, and then (2) directly annotating those shapes with hand-drawn strokes resembling pencil, pen, pastel, or other media. The resulting 3D scene will look much like a drawing, even as it is animated or viewed interactively. Applications of this technology include technical illustration, architecture, education, virtual reality, animation, advertising, and games – any context in which dynamic imagery is used to tell stories, communicate, explain, or inform.
    people: A. Finkelstein
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    3D Shape-Based Retrieval and Analysis
    Our goal is to investigate issues in shape-based retrieval and analysis of 3D models. As a first step, we have developed a search engine for 3D polygonal models. The main research issues are to develop effective shape representations and query interfaces.
    people: D. Dobkin, T. Funkhouser, A. Finkelstein, S. Rusinkiewicz
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    A

    Acoustic Modeling for Virtual Environments
    The primary challenge in acoustic modeling is computation of reverberation paths from a sound's source position to a listener's receiving position. We have developed data structures and algorithms to enable interactive simulation of acoustic effects in large 3D virtual environments. Our approach is to precompute and store a spatial data structure that can be later used during an interactive session for evaluation of reverberation paths.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    AMPL
    Modeling language for mathematical optimization, AMPL is a comprehensive and powerful algebraic modeling language for linear and nonlinear optimization problems, in discrete or continuous variables. Developed at Bell Laboratories, AMPL lets you use common notation and familiar concepts to formulate optimization models and examine solutions, while the computer manages communication with an appropriate solver. AMPL's flexibility and convenience render it ideal for rapid prototyping and model development, while its speed and control options make it an especially efficient choice for repeated production runs.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Aphasia
    The Aphasia Project is a multi-disciplinary research project investigating how technology can be designed to support individuals with aphasia in their daily life. Aphasia is a cognitive deficit impairing language abilities ranging from speaking, reading, writing to comprehending speech. It usually results from stroke or head trauma and affects about one million people in the United States. We work with speech pathologists and people who have aphasia to explore communication and high-level applications that combine images, text, and sound.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Aspect-Oriented Functional Programming (AspectML)
    This project explores the semantics and implementation of aspect-oriented programming language features in the context of typed functional languages such as ML. Our achievements so far include definition of the first minimalist, typed calculus of aspect-oriented programs and proof of type safety. We have also extended the basic calculus to allow for polymorphic and type-directed programming. Finally, we have defined a new concept called "harmless advice." Harmless advice is aspect-oriented advice that cannot interfere with the mainline computation. We have a prototype implementation of harmless advice in a typed functional language and have proven a strong noninterference property for it.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Audicle
    On-the-fly, smart audio programming environ/mentality. We present a new type of audio programming environment that integrates the programmability of the development environment with elements of the runtime environment. The result, called the Audicle, is a novel integration of a concurrent smart editor, compiler, virtual machine, and debugger, all running in the same address space, sharing data, and working together at runtime.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    B

    Bioinformatics & Functional Genomics
    The new era of large-scale experimental methods in molecular biology has transformed it into an information-based science, making bioinformatics an integral part of genomic research. The research focus of the Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics is the development of integrated computational and experimental technologies for the study of gene function and regulation in biological systems through analysis, modeling, and visualization of heterogeneous biological data. The is is a joint laboratory with the Department of Computer Science and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Biological Process Inference from Experimental Interaction Evidence (BioPIXIE)
    Identification of Biological Networks from Diverse Genomic Data This work addresses a key issue in systems biology research of how to integrate the myriad of genome-wide data being generated by the research community into meaningful biological pathway and network predictions. The BioPIXIE system harnesses the vast amounts of gene expression and functional genomic data to extract information about biological networks specific to particular biological processes.
    (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Boosting
    Boosting is a general method of producing a very accurate prediction rule by combining rough and moderately inaccurate "rules of thumb." Much recent work has been on the "AdaBoost" boosting algorithm and its extensions.
    (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning)
    C

    CASS: Content-Aware Search System
    This project investigates how to build an efficient, high-quality content-based similarity search engine for feature-rich (non-text) data, which has dominated the increasing volume of digital information. The research topics include sketch construction, indexing for similarity search, distance functions for different feature-rich data types, integration with attribute-based search tools, content-addressable and searchable storage system, and Memex systems. The current toolkit is used to construct search systems for four data types including audio recordings, digital photos, 3D shapes, and genomic micro-array data.
    (Networks and Systems)
    ChucK
    A concurrent, on-the-fly audio programming language ChucK is a new audio programming language for real-time synthesis, composition, and performance, which runs on MacOS X, Windows, and Linux. ChucK presents a new time-based concurrent programming model, which supports a more precise and fundamental level of expressiveness, as well as multiple, simultaneous, dynamic control rates, a precise and straightforward concurrent programming model, and the ability to add, remove, and modify code, on-the-fly, while the program is running, without stopping or restarting.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    CoDeeN
    CoDeeN is an academic testbed Content Distribution Network (CDN) built on top of PlanetLab. This testbed CDN consists of a network of high-performance proxy servers that behave both as request redirectors and server surrogates. They cooperate with each other and collectively provide a fast and robust web content delivery service to CoDeeN users. The CoDeeN project page provides links to a number of associated projects including: CoBlitz, a scalable Web-based distribution service for large files; CoDeploy, an efficient synchronization tool for PlanetLab slices; CoDNS, a fast and reliable name lookup service; CoTop, a command-line activity monitoring toolfor PlanetLab; CoMon, a Web-based general node/slice monitor that monitors most PlanetLab nodes; and CoTest, a login debugging tool that tries to be human-friendly.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Concurrent C Minor
    Concurrent C Minor is an international research project to connect machine-verified source programs in sequential and concurrent programming languages to machine-verified optimizing compilers.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    D

    Detection and Analysis of Chromosomal Abnormalities
    Chromosomal copy number changes play an important role in cancer and in molecular evolution, and we are developing robust algorithms for identifying chromosomal abnormalities accurately on genomic scale. In collaboration with biologists at the Lewis-Sigler Institute for integrative genomics, we are using these algorithms to study chromosomal abnormalities in the context of molecular evolution and cancer. Results of these experiments may shed light on how chromosomal aberrations are involved in carcinogenesis. Our goal is developing both technologies that can uncover fundamental biology and also methods that can be routinely applied clinically to identify medically relevant functional copy number changes.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Discovery, Analysis and Dissemination of Information (DADI)
    DADI is an integrative research project at Princeton on discovery, analysis and dissemination of information on the Internet. It focuses on both systems and driving applications for a new model of communication and coordination on the Internet: the asynchronous, event-based model, with particular emphasis on decoupled, content-based publish-subscribe (pub-sub) communication at Internet scale.
    (Networks and Systems)
    E

    E2E Protocol Design
    The goal of this work is to make end-to-end protocols (TCP in particular) more effective. Our approach is to both investigate opportunities to improve the congestion control algorithm used by transport protocols, and to explore the use of alternative end-to-end paths across the Internet.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Expert-Driven Data Analysis and Visualization in Genomics
    Effective visualization-based analysis is critical to unlocking the full potential of genomic data and to support collaborative research that is commonplace in genomics. Currently available methods are designed to visualize a single dataset in limited ways and are often hampered by the limited resolution and size of traditional displays. We are developing methodologies that enables experts to drive analysis through visualization and iterative feedback. These methods are dynamic and scalable: they can be used on either desktop screens or on large wall-size displays thereby supporting both individual and collaborative analysis by groups of investigators.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Networks and Systems)
    Extensible Router
    The goal of this project is to build a prototype router that (1) is easily extended to support new network services (including overlay and peer-to-peer networks, firewalls, media gateways, proxies, and cluster-based servers), and (2) exploits commercially available hardware components (including commodity processors, network processors, and high-speed system area networks).
    (Networks and Systems)
    F

    Filament
    Thread-level parallelism is necessary to address growing problems in microprocessor design. The Filament Project uses fine-grained program analysis to identify parallel regions of code, independent of the high-level program organization. Using novel compiler and architecture techniques, this project has already produced new speculative and non-speculative thread extraction methods effective on ordinary C programs.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Foundational Proof-Carrying Code
    Proof-carrying code (PCC) is a promising new technology, developed in a proof-of-concept prototype by Necula and Lee. We propose to fully realize the ultimate impact of this technology by scaling it up to real programming languages, production compilers, and sophisticated security policies. We will pay particular attention to scalability, interoperability, efficiency, and the principled interaction of security policies with containment mechanisms.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    FunctionalFlow
    This project develops algorithms for analyzing protein interaction graphs in order to predict protein function.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    G

    GeneVand
    Visualization-based Analysis of Microarray data This visualization system enables scientists to visually analyze microarray datasets in multiple ways to examine data quality and relationships among various clusters or biologically relevant groups of genes. GeneVAND is dynamic and is scalable from regular desktop displays to large display walls.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    I

    Illustration and Analysis of Images with Normals
    We are investigating acquisition, analysis, and rendering techniques that begin with datasets inherently more powerful than single images, yet easier to acquire with high quality than full 3D scans. In particular, we are interested in the power of images with a per-pixel color and normal ("RGBN" images), and recent work shows how to adapt signal processing, segmentation, and stylized depiction algorithms to this new datatype.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Immune System Modeling & Simulation (IMMSIM)
    IMMSIM is an in machina cellular automata model of the humoral and cellular immune responses. When a foreign substance is introduced into our bodies, our immune system acts to neutralize that substance. This is a complex process involving the collective and coordinated response of approximately 10^12 cells. This project is to fit detailed experimental findings into a comprehensive model of the immune system by using computer models and simulations.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Incrementally Deployable Secure Inter-domain Routing
    The Internet's interdomain routing system is notoriously vulnerable to malicious attacks and configuration mistakes. Proposals for a secure interdomain-routing protocol have been stymied, at least in part, by the inability to have a "flag day" on which routers throughout the Internet upgrade to the new protocol. In this project, we investigate incrementally deployable techniques for improving interdomain routing security, building on the Routing Control Platform (RCP) that selects routes on behalf of each router in a network, while remaining backwards compatible with the legacy equipment. The RCP provides a natural place to run anomaly-detection algorithms (to avoid selecting suspicious routes), apply network-wide routing policies, and upgrade a network to a more secure routing protocol.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Information Plane
    The goal of this project is to architect and demonstrate an information plane: a distributed system running throughout the network that collects, stores, propagates, aggregates, analyzes and reacts to observations about the network's behavior. An information plane can be used to manage networks and network services; detect and defend against anomalies; and diagnose and recover from failures.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Interactive Architectural Walkthroughs
    Interactive computer programs that simulate the experience of "walking" through a building interior are useful for visualization and evaluation of building models before they are constructed. The challenge is to identify the relevant portions of the model, swap them into memory and render them at interactive frame rates (at least fifteen frames per second) as the observer's viewpoint is moved under user control. This project develops systems that support interactive walkthroughs of such large, fully furnished building models.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    L

    Liberty Research
    The Liberty Computer Architecture Research Group exploits unique opportunities exposed by considering the interaction of compilers and architectures to increase performance, to improve reliability, to reduce cost, to lower power, and to shorten the time to market of microprocessor systems. This objective is accomplished by providing critical computer architecture and compiler research, expertise, and prototypes to the community.
    (Networks and Systems)
    M

    Measurement and representation of realistic surface appearance
    The appearance of a surface can be characterized by the amount of light it reflects at each surface position, for each pair of directions of incident and reflected light. We are working on methods for capturing and representing these high-dimensional, multi-gigabyte reflectance datasets using techniques including reparameterization and dimensionality reduction based on factorization. The goal is to enable efficient, compact representations that permit high-quality rendering and editing of complex materials with high visual fidelity.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Modeling Science
    This is a browsable 100-topic model estimated from 15,745 articles from the Journal Science.
    (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning)
    Modularity and Secure Linking
    The goal of the project is to create methods and tools that will make it easier for programmers to write software components that will function securely when linked with potentially hostile components. Our research combines research results on several topics: information hiding and language design, hierarchical modularity, dynamic linking, and access control.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    MoSievius - Real-time feature-based audio mosaicing
    Mosievius is a system to create audio mosaics in real time. It is mainly designed to allow interactive target specification as well as interactive source selection during the mosaicing process. Interactive source selection is achived with the use of the Sound Sieve, a new concept used to isolate segments of sound which exhibit specific qualities. Instead of implementing one particular mosaicing techinique, mosievius provides the tools needed to implement any number of different mosaicing schemes.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Multi-User Virtual Environments
    Multi-user virtual environment applications incorporate computer graphics, sound simulation, and networks to simulate the experience of real-time interaction between multiple users in a shared three-dimensional virtual world. Each user is represented in the shared virtual environment by an entity rendered on every other user's computer. Multi-user interaction is supported by matching user actions to entity updates (e.g., motion/sound generation) in the shared virtual environment. This project develops network services that support multi-user virtual environments via a client-server design.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Music Analysis, Retrieval and Synthesis for Audio Signals (Marsyas)
    Marsyas is a software framework for rapid prototyping and experimentation with audio analysis and synthesis with specific emphasis to music signals and Music Information Retrieval.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    N

    Network Servers
    This project focuses on techniques to improve network servers and networking software. We consider performance optimizations, improved behavior under heavy load, and more robustness to abuse. Much of this work is at the boundary between networking and operating systems.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Network X-ities for Routing Protocols
    Given society's increasing reliance on communication networks such as the Internet, it is becoming increasingly important that these networks not only provide good performance, but do so in the face of a complex, uncertain, error-prone, and ever-changing environment. The need for such "robust" network operation leads to a set of design considerations that we refer to as the network X-ities (since they all end in "ity"): non-fragility, manageability, diagnosability, optimizability, scalability, and evolvability. Although these X-ities are crucially important in designing and analyzing robust networks and protocols, they often lack theoretical foundations, quantitative frameworks, or even well-defined metrics and meaning. The goal of this project is to begin to build a solid, quantitative foundation for explicitly considering the X-ities in the design and analysis of network architectures and protocols. We do so by considering a number of specific problems, broadly in the area of routing protocols, that allow us to concretely address several of the X-ities and to begin to draw larger lessons from commonalities among the problems studied.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Network-wide control and Management
    Today's data networks are surprisingly fragile and difficult to manage. We argue that the root of these problems lies in the complexity of the control and management planes--the software and protocols coordinating network elements--and particularly the way the decision logic and the distributed-systems issues are inexorably intertwined. We advocate a complete refactoring of the functionality and propose three key principles--network-level objectives, network-wide views, and direct control--that we believe should underlie a new architecture. Following these principles, we identify an extreme design point that we call "4D," after the architecture's four planes: decision, dissemination, discovery, and data. The 4D architecture completely separates a network's decision logic from protocols that govern the interaction among network elements. The Routing Control Platform (RCP) is one concrete realization of these ideas, with an emphasis on network-wide control of the routing in a single domain, while remaining backwards compatible with legacy routers.
    (Networks and Systems)
    New techniques for range scanning
    Although 3D scanning has become a widely-used technique, most commercially available systems acquire data at relatively low rates and require careful control over the setup and calibration of cameras and/or active light sources. We are working on making range scanning systems faster, more flexible, more robust, and easier to use by developing novel scanner designs and 3D scan processing algorithms, including combinations of structured light, space-time stereo, photometric stereo, and efficient registration algorithms.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    O

    On-the-fly programming
    Using code for runtime expressive control On-the-fly programming (or live coding) is a style of programming in which the programmer/performer/composer augments and modifies the program while it is running, without stopping or restarting, in order to assert expressive, programmable control for performance, composition, and experimentation at run-time.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    P

    PADS
    An ad hoc data source is any data source represented in a format for which data processing tools are not readily available. The PADS language allows users to describe the format of their ad hoc data sources at a high level of abstraction. When given a format description, the PADS compiler automatically generates a set of libraries for manipulating the data including parser, printer and verifier as well as a collection of standalone tools such as an ad hoc-to-XML converter, histogram generator, and statistical analyzer. In addition to a solid implementation, we have recently formulated a semantics for PADS as a novel interpretation of dependent type theory.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Parallel Computing
    Applications, Architecture, Programming Models, Workload-driven evaluation
    (Networks and Systems)
    Parallel Rendering With Clusters of PCs
    Our project focuses on designing high-performance rendering systems by clustering a number of low-cost commodity PCs, each of which contains a commodity PC graphics accelerator. As a result of our systems being comprised purely of commodity parts, we are able track the technology curve since we can easily upgrade components of our system. Our research is focuses on designing algorithms that work well in such an environment. The key factors that set our system apart from traditional parallel rendering systems is the loosely coupled nature of our rendering systems and the high costs of communication between the nodes in the system.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI, Networks and Systems)
    Physically Inspired Stochastic Event Modeling (PhISEM)
    The PhISEM project provides support for the "new algorithms lead to new controllers lead to new algorithms..." principles. This work on the synthesis particle-type percussion and real-world sounds led to set of new instruments, not only for control of shaker/scraper sounds and sound effects, but also for algorithmic interactive music.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    PlanetLab
    The PlanetLab Consortium is a collection of academic, industrial, and government institutions cooperating to support and enhance the PlanetLab overlay network. It is responsible for overseeing the long-term growth of PlanetLab's hardware infrastructure; designing and evolving its software architecture; providing day-to-day operational support; and defining policies that govern appropriate use. The PlanetLab Consortium is managed by Princeton University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Washington. Princeton currently hosts the Consortium.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Plato - Defining Modern Logics for Modern Programmers
    [ archived: no longer active ]
    The goal of the Plato project is to develop software engineering tools and techniques that help modern programmers create more reliable and secure component software systems. In order to accomplish our goal, we are looking at ways modern logics such as linear logic and modal logic can be used to specify and check common program properties. For instance, over the last several years we have shown how modal logic can be used as a type system for distributed programs, used linear and hybrid logics to check stack and region allocation invariants, and used linear logic again for checking memory safety in programs with heap allocation.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Pluto
    We are developing a scalable routing underlay that can be used by overlay networks to discover the underlying Internet topology.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Polymer - A Language for Composing Run-Time Security Policies
    The Polymer project studies all facets of the theory, design, and implementation of software program monitors and monitor-specification languages. On the theoretical side, we are particularly interested in understanding the range of security properties that can be enforced by program monitors. Recently, we have shown how to define program monitors as formal automata that edit the behavior of the software they monitor. Surprisingly, we have proven that these monitors can enforce a new class of non-safety properties called "Infinite Renewel Properties." On the design and implementation side, we have developed an extension of Java that facilitates the implementation of program monitors. Our language (also called Polymer) provides high-level constructs for reacting to dangerous program actions as well as useful combinators that allow us to construct complex monitors from simpler ones.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Postmanet
    [ archived: no longer active ]
    We are developing a high-bandwidth/delay-tolerant network that seamlessly integrates traditional networks, storage media, and the postal delivery infrastructure. The use of Postmanet is a distance learning system that would allow resource-starved village schools in rural India to benefit from the better human and content resources available in the urban environments. The proposed Digital StudyHall system has two other novel key components besides Postmanet: a mechanism that turns regular TV screens into ``networked thin client displays," and a web repository that collects education content, and connects learners and teaching staff across time and space, so staff in urban schools and volunteers (potentially from overseas) can contribute in a way that allows them to make flexible time and location commitments.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Prediction of Protein Function and Regulation
    Now that genomic sequencing of whole organisms is a routine technology, the next key challenge in genomics is understanding gene function and regulation. Functional genomics aims to determine what these genes do (gene function) and how they are controlled inside the cell (regulation). Experimental approaches to these problems have led to an explosion of functional genomics data, but these datasets are large, very noisy, and highly heterogeneous, making accurate analysis by existing computational methods impossible. Novel computing methodologies developed specifically for biological data are essential to realize the potential of functional genomics. We are developing such methodologies based on machine learning, statistical, and data mining techniques.
    (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Princeton Laptop Orchestra (Plork)
    The (completely insane) Princeton laptop orchestra.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Princeton Shape Benchmark
    The Princeton Shape Benchmark provides a repository of 3D models and software tools for evaluating shape-based retrieval and analysis algorithms. The motivation is to promote the use of standardized data sets and evaluation methods for research in matching, classification, clustering, and recognition of 3D models.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Proof-Carrying Authorization
    We have developed a general and powerful distributed authentication framework based on higher-order logic. Authentication frameworks --- including Taos, SPKI, SDSI, and X.509 --- have been explained using logic. We show that by starting with the logic, we can implement these frameworks, all in the same concise and efficient system. Because our logic has no decision procedure --- although proof checking is simple --- users of the framework must submit proofs with their requests.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    ProteinPathGrep
    This project develops a system for interrogating protein interaction networks in order to retrieve matches to putative functional modules.
    (Bioinformatics & Computational Biology)
    Q

    QSplat
    QSplat is a program for displaying large geometric models in real time. It was originally designed during the course of the Digital Michelangelo Project , to render the hundred-million-polygon models we were producing. It features, fast startup and progressive loading, real-time interactive display with a user-selectable frame rate, refinement to a high-quality rendering when idle, point-based multiresolution representation with splat rendering, level-of-detail control, and hierarchical visibility culling, compact representation - 6 bytes per input point including normals, 9 bytes including color, and fast preprocessing.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    R

    Radiosity Lighting Simulation
    Radiosity methods accurately simulate diffuse indirect illumination and shadows, and thus are used to generate realistic-looking lighting models for a variety of virtual environments, including building interiors. A difficult challenge for radiosity systems is managing the algorithmic complexity (O(n^2)) and massive data storage requirements (GBs) typical in such computations. We have developed a radiosity system that computes radiosity solutions for very large polygonal models.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Reassembling the Thera Wall Paintings
    The archaeological site of Akrotiri on the island of Thera (modern-day Santorini) has proven a treasure trove of information about Aegean civilization and culture. Among its most valued artifacts are wall paintings (frescoes), which have been preserved in the volcanic ash since the seventeenth century BC. The frescoes, however, are typically recovered in fragments of a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters in length, and reconstructing complete wall sections occupies a major portion of the effort at Akrotiri.

    We are engaged in a project to assist archaeologists and conservators by digitizing excavated fragments and using computer algorithms to automatically propose matches on the basis of 3D edge profile, color, and other cues. An intuitive user interface will allow conservators to see and evaluate matches on the basis of any or all of the above criteria. We hope to greatly reduce the time that is currently spent manually testing large numbers of fragments against each other in the search for matches.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)

    S

    Scalable Display Wall
    [ archived: no longer active ]
    This project explores research issues on how to build and use immersive computer systems. In particular, we are interested in building immersive systems for users to collaborate across space and time. Current research topics include, seamless imaging, parallel rendering, shared data visualization, spatialized sound, camera-based tracking, and design methodologies.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI, Networks and Systems)
    Sea of Images - Image-Based Rendering of Large Environments
    "Sea of Images" is a practical approach to dense sampling, storage, and reconstruction of the plenoptic function in large, complex indoor environments. We use a motorized cart to capture omnidirectional images every few inches on a eye-height plane throughout an environment. The captured images are compressed and stored in a multi-resolution hierarchy suitable for real-time pre-fetching during an interactive walkthrough. Later, novel images are reconstructed for a simulated observer by re-sampling nearby captured images.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Secure Applications for handheld Devices
    We are studying how to make smartcard-like devices more secure by exploiting the fact that they may be able to interact with the user directly.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Sndtools
    Real-time audio DSP and 3d visualization.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Spasm
    A synthetic vocal tract model Synthesis of the Singing Voice Using a Waveguide Articulatory Vocal Tract Model.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Standard ML of New Jersey
    A compiler for the type-safe functional programming language ML.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    Structural Modeling
    Prevalent computer architecture modeling methodologies are prone to error, make design-space exploration slow, and create barriers to collaboration. The Structural Modeling Project addresses these issues by providing viable structural modeling methodologies to the community. The Liberty Simulation Environment showcases this approach and serves as the core of a new international standardization effort called Fraternité.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Suggestive Contours
    When artists design imagery to portray a visual scene, they need not just render visual information veridically. They can select the visual cues to portray, and adapt the information each carries. Their results can depart dramatically from natural scenes, but can nevertheless convey visual information effectively, because viewers' perceptual inferences still work flexibly to arrive at a consistent understanding of the imagery. We suggest that lines in line-drawings can convey information about shape in this indirect way, and work to develop tools for realizing such lines automatically in non-photorealistic rendering. In the figure above, the picture on the left renders silhouettes.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    Synthesis ToolKit in C++ (STK)
    STK is a set of open source audio signal processing and algorithmic synthesis classes written in the C++ programming language. STK was designed to facilitate rapid development of music synthesis and audio processing software, with an emphasis on cross-platform functionality, realtime control, ease of use, and educational example code.
    (Graphics, Vision, Sound, Music, and HCI)
    T

    THRIFT
    As chip densities and clock rates increase, processors are becoming more susceptible to error-inducing transient faults. In contrast to existing techniques, the THRIFT Project advocates adaptive approaches that match the changing reliability and performance demands of a system to improve reliability at lower cost. This project introduced the concept of software-controlled fault tolerance.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Typed Assembly Language (TAL)
    TAL extends traditional untyped assembly languages with typing annotations, memory management primitives, and a sound set of typing rules. These typing rules guarantee the memory safety, control flow safety, and type safety of TAL programs. Moreover, the typing constructs are expressive enough to encode most source language programming features including records and structures, arrays, higher-order and polymorphic functions, exceptions, abstract data types, subtyping, and modules. Just as importantly, TAL is flexible enough to admit many low-level compiler optimizations. Consequently, TAL is an ideal target platform for type-directed compilers that want to produce verifiably safe code for use in secure mobile code applications or extensible operating system kernels. We have implemented a variant of TAL for Intel's IA32 architecture called TALx86, and have written a compiler for a safe C-like language called Popcorn to TALx86.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    V

    VELOCITY Compiler
    The VELOCITY Compiler Project aims to address computer architecture problems with a new approach to compiler organization. This compiler organization, embodied in the VELOCITY Compiler (and derivative run-time optimizers), enables true whole-program scope, practical iterative compilation, and smarter memory analysis. These properties make VELOCITY better at extracting threads, improving reliability, and enhancing security.
    (Networks and Systems)
    Verified Software Toolchain
    The software toolchain includes static analyzers to check assertions about your program; optimizing compilers to translate your program to machine language; operating systems and libraries to supply context for your program. The Verified Software Toolchain project assures with machine-checked proofs that the assertions claimed at the top of the toolchain really hold in the machine-language program, running in the operating-system context.
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    W

    WordNet
    WordNet is a resource used by researchers attempting to get computers to understand English (and any other language for which a WordNet exists). Viewing a human language as a very large graph provides a theoretical framework for creating algorithms for understanding the meaning of words in a text (e.g. determining if "fly" is an insect or a ball hit into left field) and translating documents between languages. We are working on both making WordNet more effective for these tasks and creating new approaches that use WordNet.
    (Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning)
    Z

    Zap
    Managing reliable software systems on unreliable hardware
    (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)
    ZebraNet
    The Princeton ZebraNet Project is an inter-disciplinary effort with thrusts in both Biology and Computer Systems. On the computer systems side, ZebraNet is studying power-aware, position-aware computing/communication systems. Namely, the goals are to develop, evaluate, implement, and test systems that integrate computing, wireless communication, and non-volatile storage along with global positioning systems (GPS) and other sensors. On the biology side, the goal is to use systems to perform novel studies of animal migrations and inter-species interactions.
    (Networks and Systems)