| Russian Propaganda Unit Appears to Be Behind Spread of False Tim Walz Sexual Abuse Claims | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Stage actors | Hiring stage actors: 200$ |
| Donald Trump Shares AI Generated Images Claiming Swifties Support Him | USA | Campaigning | Yes | Use images of real people dressed in Swift t-shirts / Stage actors dressed in Taylor Swift shirts | Producing and distributing trump t-shirts at a rally: 200$ |
| Deepfake Video of Trump Dancing with Musk Goes Viral | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Russian Influence Network Promotes Faked Obama Audio After Trump Assassination Attempt | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Voice actors | Voice actor for 1 hour — 250$: https://www.voicecrafters.com/american-voice-actors/tim-h/ |
| Iran Uses Generative AI Content to Target US Elections | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Content farms | Using a website that generates synonyms for 99$/yr: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/
Hiring an editor — 9-24$ per page: https://www.fiverr.com/resources/guides/writing-and-copywriting/book-editing-costs#:~:text=Here's%20a%20list%20of%20industry,%249%20to%20%2424%20per%20page |
| X's Grok Spreads Election Misinformation About Kamala Harris' Eligibility | USA | Overreliance | No | — | — |
| Fake News Website Targeting US Elections Is Lithuanian AI | USA | Overreliance | No | Content farms | Using a website that generates synonyms for 99$/yr: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ |
| Deepfaked Video and Photos Appears to Show Kamala Harris as a Sex Worker | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Face cloning, photoshop | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Fake Audio Appears to Make Kamala Harris Sound Incoherent | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Slowed video stiched together | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Michigan GOP candidate releases deepfake of MLK | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| AI candidate runs for mayor in Wyoming | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Meta's Llama 3 returns inaccurate information about Project 2025 | USA | Overreliance | No | — | — |
| The Democratic National Committee makes AI parody of Lara Trump's song | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfake of Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau promotes scams | Canada | Scam | Yes | Photoshop, face cloning | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Arizona newsletter makes a deepfake of Republican senate candidate Kari Lake | USA | Education | No | — | — |
| Deepfake of Joe Biden says Russia has occupied Kyiv for a decade | USA | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Clipping unrelated videos, voice actors | Joe Biden voice actor: 200$/hour https://www.voicecrafters.com/australian-voice-actors/paul-d/
Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Little known US presidential candidate uses AI to campaign in American Samoa | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Fake images show Donald Trump with Black voters | USA | Campaigning | Yes | Photoshop, Clicking images with Black voters | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Robert F. Kennedy Jr. deploys Microsoft-powered AI chatbot | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfake porn features Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | USA | Trolling/defamation | No | Photoshop, face cloning | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| AI-generated images of Joe Biden in military fatigues circulate | USA | Campaigning | Yes | Photoshop | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Deepfake of Mexican presidential candidate promotes fraudulent financial platform | Mexico | Scam | Yes | Photoshop, face cloning | Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Fake Joe Biden robocall in New Hampshire discourages people from voting | USA | Voting misinformation | Yes | Voice actors | Joe Biden voice actor: 200$/hour https://www.voicecrafters.com/australian-voice-actors/paul-d/
Expert photoshop / video editor can be hired for less than 60$/hour: https://www.upwork.com/hire/video-editors/cost/, https://www.upwork.com/hire/adobe-photoshop-experts/cost/ |
| Super PAC for (former) presidential hopeful Dean Philips launches AI chatbot | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Democratic candidate for Congress uses AI in political ad | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Mexican presidential candidate uses AI spokesperson for campaign | Mexico | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Democratic candidates experiment with AI campaign caller Ashley | USA | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Fake audio appears to depict head of Mexico City government interfering in elections | Mexico | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr |
| Venezuelan Journalists Use AI Avatars to Cover Election Protests | Venezuela | Privacy | No | — | — |
| Indian politicians use AI for voter outreach | India | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfake shows Indian politician promising Muslim constituents a mosque and policy change | India | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr |
| Deepfake Video Falsely Shows Rahul Gandhi Being Sworn in as Prime Minister | India | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfake shows Bollywood actor Ranveer Singh criticizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi | India | Voting misinformation | Yes | Voice actors over existing videos; voices overlaid on images | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Associates of India's BJP share AI-generated media of opposition politician singing in jail | India | Trolling/defamation | No | — | — |
| Donald Trump deepfake appears to support former Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan | Pakistan | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Voice actors (Trump impersonators) | Voice actor: 200$/hr |
| Deepfake claims to show Muslim politician in India reciting Hindu prayer | India | Voting misinformation | Yes | Voice actors overlaid on video | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| South Indian political party uses AI to resurrect dead leader to campaign | India | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Indian MP Interviews Deepfake of Himself | India | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Former Pakistani leader Imran Khan delivers a deepfake 'victory speech' from jail | Pakistan | Sow discord/confusion | No | — | — |
| Deepfake 'resurrects' former Indonesian dictator Suharto to support allied politician | Indonesia | Propaganda | No | — | — |
| Indonesian political consulting firm uses generative AI to write candidate speeches | Indonesia | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| AI-generated cartoon softens image of Indonesian presidential candidate | Indonesia | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Series of deepfakes encourage election boycotts in Pakistan | Pakistan | Voting misinformation | Yes | Video editors, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake of US congressman appears to support Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party | Taiwan | Voting misinformation | Yes | Video editors, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake appears to show Bangladeshi politician dropping out of race | Bangladesh | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited photos, videos, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake shows Indian finance minister endorsing crypto trading platform | India | Scam | Yes | Edited photos, videos, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Indian Prime Minister Uses Real Time AI-Translation Tool During Campaign | India | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfake of Chinese president Xi Jinping appears to support Taiwan's elections | Taiwan | Trolling/defamation | No | — | — |
| Manipulated video alleges Taiwanese presidential candidate has mistresses | Taiwan | Trolling/defamation | Yes | Actors | 200$/hr |
| Deepfake appears to show Pakistani politician belly dancing | Pakistan | Trolling/defamation | No | Photoshop | Photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake shows Indonesian defense minister and presidential candidate speaking Arabic | Indonesia | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake of Taiwanese presidential candidate supports collaboration between opposition parties | Taiwan | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake of exiled Bangladeshi politician says the party should keep quiet" about Gaza" | Bangladesh | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Taiwanese media receives 'leaked' deepfake audio of internal political meeting | Taiwan | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| French Far-Right Leans Into Generative AI Content Before Elections | France | Hateful rhetoric | No | — | — |
| AI Videos Flood TikTok Ahead of UK Elections | UK | Trolling/defamation | No | — | — |
| Italian Far-Right Party Used Generative AI for Months Leading Up to EU Elections | Italy | Hateful rhetoric | No | — | — |
| AI candidate runs for UK Parliament | UK | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfakes of EU and UK government officials promote scam on Meta's platforms | Multiple | Scam | Yes | Edited video, photos, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Germany's far-right party used AI-manipulated image in hateful ads on Facebook and Instagram | Germany | Hateful rhetoric | No | — | — |
| Russian Bot Network Using Gen AI Targets Moldovan President | Moldova | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Actors (acknowledged in the article too) | 200$/hr |
| Victoria Shi, AI-generated spokesperson, will give statements for Ukraine's foreign ministry | Ukraine | Government messaging | No | — | — |
| Gemini, Copilot, and ChatGPT share inaccurate information on EU elections | Multiple | Overreliance | No | — | — |
| Deepfakes of Family of French Far-Right Leader Go Viral | France | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Actors (since the family members don't exist anyway) | 200$/hr |
| Deepfake of UK politician Keir Starmer appears to swear at staffer | UK | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice acting | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| A fake candidate runs for president in Belarus as a stand-in for dissidents | Belarus | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Deepfaked video of broadcast alleges Ukraine tried to assassinate French president | France | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited photo, video | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake of Istanbul's Mayor Appears to Praise Turkish President's Party | Turkey | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited photo/video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr; photoshop expert: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake shows Ukrainian president Volodymry Zelensky dancing | Ukraine | Trolling/defamation | No | — | — |
| Deepfake of Moldovan president spreads conspiracies about her administration | Moldova | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Microsoft's Copilot chatbot generates misinformation about the European elections | Multiple | Overreliance | No | — | — |
| AI-generated Putin Interviews Putin | Russia | Campaigning | No | — | — |
| Slovakian politician appears to plan election interference in faked audio | Slovakia | Sow discord/confusion | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| AI Bot Network Boosts Ghanaian Political Party | Ghana | Propaganda | Yes | Hiring online disinfo services | Disinfo writers: 300$/month (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/disinformation-for-hire-black-pr-firms) |
| Influence Campaign Used ChatGPT to Promote Rwanda's President | Rwanda | Propaganda | Yes | Text generated using more primitive tools | Using a website that generates synonyms for 99$/yr: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/
Hiring an editor — 9-24$ per page: https://www.fiverr.com/resources/guides/writing-and-copywriting/book-editing-costs#:~:text=Here's%20a%20list%20of%20industry,%249%20to%20%2424%20per%20page |
| Deepfake of Joe Biden Threatens Sanctions on South Africa During Elections | South Africa | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake of Donald Trump endorsing South African political party | South Africa | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |
| Deepfake appears to show Eminem endorsing South African opposition party | South Africa | Voting misinformation | Yes | Edited video, voice actors | Voice actor: 200$/hr; video editor: 50$/hr |