0,ABO_antibodies,blood type antibodies
1,Achilles_tendon tendon_of_Achilles,a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf
2,Bowman's_capsule glomerular_capsule capsula_glomeruli,thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of a nephron
3,C-reactive_protein CRP,a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation
4,Christmas_factor factor_IX,coagulation factor whose absence is associated with hemophilia B
5,DNA_polymerase,the enzyme responsible for DNA replication
6,Ghedda_wax,wax from Indian and African bees
7,HMG-CoA_reductase 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme_A_reductase,a liver enzyme that is responsible for producing cholesterol
8,Hageman_factor factor_XII,coagulation factor whose deficiency results in prolongation of clotting time of venous blood
9,Japan_wax Japan_tallow,a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes
10,Otaheite_arrowroot Otaheite_arrowroot_starch,a starch obtained from the root of the pia
11,Peyer's_patch Peter's_gland,any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon
12,Purkinje_fiber,a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network
13,Purkinje_network Purkinje's_tissue Purkinje's_system,a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract
14,Rh_antibody,rhesus factor antibody
15,Wormian_bone sutural_bone,any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones
16,abducent abducent_nerve abducens abducens_nerve nervus_abducens sixth_cranial_nerve,a small motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
17,accessory_nerve spinal_accessory nervus_accessorius eleventh_cranial_nerve,arises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the nerve
18,acetyl acetyl_group acetyl_radical ethanoyl_group ethanoyl_radical,the organic group of acetic acid (CH3CO-)
19,acoustic_nerve auditory_nerve vestibulocochlear_nerve nervus_vestibulocochlearis eighth_cranial_nerve,a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea
20,actin,one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form
21,actomyosin,a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions
22,acyl acyl_group,any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group; "an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group"
23,adenosine_deaminase ADA,an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia; "ADA deficiency can lead to one form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease"; "the gene encoding ADA was one of the earlier human genes to be isolated and cloned for study"
24,adhesion,a fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures
25,adipose_tissue fat fatty_tissue,a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs; "fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold"
26,adrenal_cortex,the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones
27,adrenal_medulla,the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine
28,afterbirth,the placenta and fetal membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the baby is born
29,agglutinin,an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen
30,albuginea,whitish tunic
31,albumin albumen,a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids
32,alcohol_group alcohol_radical,the chemical group -OH
33,aldehyde_group aldehyde_radical,the chemical group -CHO
34,aldohexose,a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group
35,aldose,a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal
36,aleurone,granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains
37,alkyl alkyl_group alkyl_radical,any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons
38,allantois,the vascular fetal membrane that lies below the chorion and develops from the hindgut in many embryonic higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
39,allyl allyl_group allyl_radical,the univalent unsaturated organic radical C3H5; derived from propylene
40,almond_oil expressed_almond_oil sweet_almond_oil,pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds
41,alpha_globulin,a globulin in blood plasma or serum that is alkaline and has great electrophoretic mobility
42,amino amino_group,the radical -NH2
43,aminomethane,a methyl with the hydrogen atom replaced by an amino radical
44,amyl,a hydrocarbon radical that occurs in many organic compounds
45,amylase,any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
46,amyloid,(pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue
47,amyloid,a non-nitrogenous food substance consisting chiefly of starch; any substance resembling starch
48,angiotensin_converting_enzyme angiotensin-converting_enzyme ACE,proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
49,animal_fat,any fat obtained from animals; "animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids"
50,animal_oil,any oil obtained from animal substances
51,animal_tissue,the tissue in the bodies of animals
52,anklebone astragal astragalus talus,the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
53,antibody,any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
54,antihemophilic_factor antihaemophilic_factor antihemophilic_globulin antihaemophilic_globulin factor_VIII Hemofil,a coagulation factor (trade name Hemofil) whose absence is associated with hemophilia A
55,antitoxin,an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin
56,antivenin antivenene,an antitoxin that counteracts the effects of venom from the bite of a snake or insect or other animal
57,aortic_valve,a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart
58,apoenzyme,a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme
59,aponeurosis,any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons
60,arachnoid arachnoid_membrane,the middle of the 3 meninges
61,arcus arcus_senilis,a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea
62,areolar_tissue,fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net
63,arm_bone,a bone in the arm
64,arrowroot,a nutritive starch obtained from the root of the arrowroot plant
65,articulatory_system,the system of joints in the body
66,arum,starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root
67,arytenoid arytaenoid arytenoid_cartilage,either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached
68,astroglia macroglia,tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cells
69,atheroma,a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery; can obstruct blood flow
70,atlas atlas_vertebra,the 1st cervical vertebra
71,atrioventricular_bundle bundle_of_His atrioventricular_trunk truncus_atrioventricularis,a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
72,atrioventricular_node,a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle
73,atrioventricular_valve,either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium
74,attar atar athar ottar,essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers
75,attar_of_roses rose_oil,a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation
76,auditory_ossicle,ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
77,auditory_system,the sensory system for hearing
78,autoantibody,an antibody acting against tissues of the organism that produces it
79,autograft autoplasty,tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person; "skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms"
80,axillary_node,any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions
81,axis axis_vertebra,the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head
82,axle_grease,a thick heavy grease used to lubricate axles
83,axolemma,outer membrane covering an axon
84,azido_group azido_radical,the univalent group N3- derived from hydrazoic acid
85,azo_group azo_radical,the bivalent group -N=N- united to two hydrocarbon groups
86,babassu_oil babacu_oil,fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil
87,back_tooth posterior,a tooth situated at the back of the mouth
88,bagasse,the dry dusty pulp that remains after juice is extracted from sugar cane or similar plants
89,bare_bone,bone stripped of flesh
90,basilar_membrane,a membrane in the cochlea that supports the organ of Corti
91,bayberry_wax bayberry_tallow,a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles
92,beef_tallow,tallow obtained from a bovine animal
93,beeswax,a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs
94,beet_sugar,sugar made from sugar beets
95,belly,the underpart of the body of certain vertebrates such as snakes or fish
96,belly paunch,a protruding abdomen
97,benzoyl_group benzoyl_radical,the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid
98,benzyl benzyl_group benzyl_radical,the univalent radical derived from toluene
99,bit chip flake fleck scrap,a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; "a bit of rock caught him in the eye"
100,bitter_almond_oil,pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal
101,blood_sugar blood_glucose,glucose in the bloodstream
102,blood_vessel,a vessel in which blood circulates
103,blubber,an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil
104,body_part,any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity
105,bone os,rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
106,bone_fat,fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps and in lubricating greases
107,bone_oil,the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture
108,bone_oil Dippel's_oil,dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol
109,branched_chain,an open chain of atoms with one or more side chains attached to it
110,brickbat,a fragment of brick used as a weapon
111,bubo,a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis
112,bucktooth,a large projecting front tooth
113,buff,bare skin; "swimming in the buff means to swim naked"
114,bulbar_conjunctiva conjunctival_layer_of_bulb tunica_conjunctiva_bulbi,the part of the conjunctiva covering the anterior face of the sclera and the surface epithelium of the cornea
115,butterfat,the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
116,butyl,a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9)
117,cacodyl cacodyl_group cacodyl_radical arsenic_group,the univalent group derived from arsine
118,calamus_oil,carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume
119,calcium_ion factor_IV,ion of calcium; a factor in the clotting of blood
120,calvaria skullcap,the dome of the skull
121,camphor_oil,oil distilled from camphor resin
122,candelilla_wax,a hard brown wax that occurs as a coating on candelilla shrubs
123,cane_sugar,sucrose obtained from sugar cane
124,canine canine_tooth eyetooth eye_tooth dogtooth cuspid,one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars
125,cannon_bone,greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals
126,canola_oil canola,vegetable oil made from rapeseed; it is high in monounsaturated fatty acids
127,capillary_bed,a layer of tissue densely packed with capillaries
128,capitate capitate_bone os_capitatum,the wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metacarpus
129,capsid,the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
130,carbohydrate saccharide sugar,an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain
131,carbonyl_group,the bivalent radical CO
132,carboxyl carboxyl_group,the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids
133,carboxymethyl_cellulose,an acid derivative of cellulose
134,cardiac_muscle heart_muscle,the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction
135,carnassial_tooth,the last upper premolar and first lower molar teeth of a carnivore; having sharp edges for cutting flesh
136,carnauba_wax carnauba,hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes
137,carpal_bone carpal wrist_bone,any of the eight small bones of the wrist of primates
138,cartilage gristle,tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults
139,cartilage_bone,any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue
140,casein,a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives
141,caspase,any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
142,cassava cassava_starch manioc manioca,a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics
143,catalase,enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
144,caul veil embryonic_membrane,the inner membrane of embryos in higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)
145,cell_membrane cytomembrane plasma_membrane,a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell; "all cells have a cell membrane"
146,cellulite,lumpy deposits of body fat especially on women's thighs etc.
147,cellulose,a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
148,central_nervous_system CNS systema_nervosum_centrale,the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
149,centrum,the main body of a vertebra
150,ceresin,a white wax extracted from ozokerite
151,cerumen earwax,a soft yellow wax secreted by glands in the ear canal
152,cervical_nerve,any of eight pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the cervical section of the spinal cord
153,cervical_vertebra neck_bone,one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region
154,chain chemical_chain,(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule)
155,chalaza,one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell
156,change,a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one"
157,chaulmoogra_oil,an oil from chaulmoogra trees; used in treatment of skin diseases and leprosy
158,cheekbone zygomatic_bone zygomatic malar malar_bone jugal_bone os_zygomaticum,the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
159,chitin,a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi
160,cholinesterase,an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
161,chondrin,a substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
162,chop,a jaw; "I'll hit him on the chops"
163,chopper pearly,informal terms for a human `tooth'
164,chordamesoderm chordomesoderm,the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord
165,chorioallantois chorioallantoic_membrane,the very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois
166,choroid choroid_coat,a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye
167,chromophore,the chemical group that gives color to a molecule
168,ciliary_body,the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris; "the ciliary body produces aqueous humor"
169,cinder clinker,a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire
170,circulatory_system cardiovascular_system,the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body
171,clast,(geology) a constituent fragment of a clastic rock
172,clavicle collarbone,bone linking the scapula and sternum
173,closed_chain ring,(chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop
174,clove_oil oil_of_cloves,essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines
175,cluster_of_differentiation_4 CD4,a glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of helper T cells; "CD4 is a receptor for HIV in humans"
176,cluster_of_differentiation_8 CD8,a membrane glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of cytotoxic T cells
177,coagulase,an enzyme that induces coagulation
178,coagulation_factor clotting_factor,any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation
179,cocarboxylase thiamine_pyrophosphate,a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle
180,coccygeal_nerve nervus_coccygeus,the lowest pair of spinal nerves
181,coccygeal_vertebra caudal_vertebra,one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
182,coccyx tail_bone,the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
183,cocoa_butter,a yellow-white fat from cocoa beans
184,coconut_oil copra_oil,oil from coconuts
185,cod-liver_oil cod_liver_oil,an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D
186,cod_oil,an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing
187,coenzyme,a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes
188,coenzyme_A,a coenzyme present in all living cells; essential to metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and some amino acids
189,cohune-nut_oil cohune_oil cohune_fat,semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making
190,collagen,a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling
191,collagenase,any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin
192,commissure,a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord
193,complement,one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
194,conjugated_protein compound_protein,a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances
195,conjunctiva,a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid
196,connective_tissue,tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
197,conodont,the tiny fossil cone-shaped tooth of a primitive vertebrate of order Conodonta
198,cooking_oil,any of numerous vegetable oils used in cooking
199,corn_gluten,gluten prepared from corn
200,corn_oil,oil from the germs of corn grains
201,corn_sugar,dextrose made by hydrolysis of cornstarch
202,cornea,the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera
203,corner,a projecting part where two sides or edges meet; "he knocked off the corners"
204,cornstarch cornflour,starch prepared from the grains of corn; used in cooking as a thickener
205,coronet,margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof
206,corpus,the main part of an organ or other bodily structure
207,corpus_callosum,a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
208,cortex,the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
209,costus_oil,a yellow volatile essential oil obtained from costusroot; used in perfumes
210,cottonseed_oil,edible oil pressed from cottonseeds
211,couple,(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines
212,cracklings,the crisp residue left after lard has been rendered
213,cranial_nerve,any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem
214,cranium braincase brainpan,the part of the skull that encloses the brain
215,craton,the part of a continent that is stable and forms the central mass of the continent; typically Precambrian
216,croton_oil,viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action
217,cuboid_bone,the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus
218,cusp leaflet,a thin triangular flap of a heart valve
219,cuticle,the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail
220,cutting,a piece cut off from the main part of something
221,cyano_group cyano_radical cyanide_group cyanide_radical,the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound
222,cyclooxygenase Cox,either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
223,cyclooxygenase-1 Cox-1,an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys; "an unfortunate side effect of NSAIDs is that they block Cox-1"
224,cyclooxygenase-2 Cox-2,an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever; "the beneficial effects of NSAIDs result from their ability to block Cox-2"
225,cytochrome,(biochemistry) a class of hemoprotein whose principal biological function is electron transfer (especially in cellular respiration)
226,cytochrome_c,the most abundant and stable cytochrome; involved in energy transfer
227,cytokine,any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system
228,dander,small scales from animal skins or hair or bird feathers that can cause allergic reactions in some people
229,dandruff,loose scales shed from the scalp; "I could see the dandruff on her shoulders"
230,de-iodinase,an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
231,decarboxylase,any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group
232,decidua,the epithelial tissue of the endometrium
233,deep_temporal_vein,temporal veins that empty into the pterygoid plexus
234,demerara,a light brown raw cane sugar from Guyana
235,dentine dentin,bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth
236,deoxyribose,a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids
237,depressor depressor_nerve,any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves
238,dewlap,a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
239,dextrin,any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements
240,dextrose dextroglucose grape_sugar,an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits
241,diaphragm midriff,(anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
242,diaphysis shaft,the main (mid) section of a long bone
243,diethylaminoethyl_cellulose DEAE_cellulose,used for chromatography
244,digestive_system gastrointestinal_system systema_alimentarium systema_digestorium,the system that makes food absorbable into the body
245,dipole,a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance
246,dipole_molecule,a molecule that is a permanent dipole
247,disaccharidase,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides
248,disaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
249,dolphin_oil,an unsaturated fatty oil obtained from dolphins and used as a fine lubricant
250,dorsal_root dorsal_horn posterior_root posterior_horn,one of two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally from the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers
251,drippings,fat that exudes from meat and drips off while it is being roasted or fried
252,drying_oil,an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
253,dubbin,tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof
254,dura_mater dura,the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges
255,eardrum tympanum tympanic_membrane myringa,the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
256,ectoderm exoderm ectoblast,the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
257,edible_fat,oily or greasy matter making up the bulk of fatty tissue in animals and in seeds and other plant tissue
258,elastase,a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin
259,elastic_tissue,connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments
260,elastin,a fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries
261,electric_dipole electric_doublet,a dipole with equal and opposite electric charges
262,ember coal,a hot fragment of wood or coal that is left from a fire and is glowing or smoldering
263,embryonic_tissue,tissue in an embryo
264,endocardium,the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
265,endocranium,membrane lining the inside of the skull
266,endocrine_system,the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity
267,endoderm entoderm endoblast entoblast hypoblast,the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
268,endometrium,(pregnancy) the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition
269,endoneurium,delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve
270,endonuclease,a nuclease that cleaves nucleic acids at interior bonds and so produces fragments of various sizes
271,endoskeleton,the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure (especially of vertebrates)
272,endosteum,vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones
273,endothelium,an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
274,enterokinase,enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
275,entity,that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)
276,enzyme,any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
277,ependyma,thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal
278,epicardium visceral_pericardium,the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
279,epiphysis,the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
280,episcleral_veins venae_episclerales,small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins
281,epithelium epithelial_tissue,membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body
282,erectile_tissue,vascular tissue capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid
283,erythropoietin,a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells
284,esophagus oesophagus gorge gullet,the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
285,essential_oil volatile_oil,an oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings
286,ethmoid ethmoid_bone,one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
287,ethyl ethyl_group ethyl_radical,the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom
288,ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid EDTA,a complex molecule used medically to chelate metal ions in cases of lead or heavy metal poisoning
289,eucalyptus_oil,an essential oil obtained from the leaves of eucalypts
290,exonuclease,a nuclease that releases one nucleotide at a time (serially) beginning at one of a nucleic acid
291,exoskeleton,the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
292,eyelid lid palpebra,either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
293,facial facial_nerve nervus_facialis seventh_cranial_nerve,cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
294,falciform_ligament,a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall
295,fang,canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey
296,fang,hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison
297,fascia facia,a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
298,fat,a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
299,female_chest bust,the chest of a woman
300,female_reproductive_system,the reproductive system of females
301,femoral_nerve nervus_femoralis anterior_crural_nerve,one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh
302,femur thighbone femoris,the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee
303,ferritin,a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body
304,fertilization_membrane,the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
305,fetal_circulation foetal_circulation,the system of blood vessels and structures through which blood moves in a fetus
306,fetal_membrane,any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment or respiration or excretion of a developing fetus
307,fiber_bundle fibre_bundle fascicle fasciculus,a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)
308,fibrin,a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets
309,fibrinase factor_XIII,in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot
310,fibrinogen factor_I,a protein present in blood plasma; converts to fibrin when blood clots
311,fibrocartilage,cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue
312,fibrous_tissue,tissue consisting of or containing fibers in both animals and plants
313,fibula calf_bone,the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
314,filaggrin,the main protein of the keratohyalin granules; "the specific target of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is filaggrin"
315,filing,a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
316,fish-liver_oil fish_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the livers of various fish
317,fishbone,a bone of a fish
318,fixed_oil fatty_oil,nonvolatile animal or plant oil
319,flab,loose or flaccid body fat
320,flap,a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body
321,flesh,the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat
322,floor_wax,a preparation containing wax and used to polish and preserve the finish of floors
323,fornix trigonum_cerebrale,an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
324,foryml,(chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes
325,fragment,a piece broken off or cut off of something else; "a fragment of rock"
326,freshener,anything that freshens
327,front_tooth anterior,a tooth situated at the front of the mouth; "his malocclusion was caused by malposed anteriors"
328,frontal_bone os_frontale forehead,the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the orbits
329,fructose fruit_sugar levulose laevulose,a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits
330,fuel_oil heating_oil,a petroleum product used for fuel
331,funny_bone crazy_bone,a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone; "the funny bone is not humerus"
332,furcula,a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds
333,fusel_oil,a mixture of amyl alcohols and propanol and butanol formed from distillation of fermented liquors
334,galactose brain_sugar,a simple sugar found in lactose
335,gamma_globulin human_gamma_globulin,a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses
336,gas_oil,an oil formed through distillation of petroleum of intermediate boiling range and viscosity
337,gelatin gelatine,a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin
338,geode,(mineralogy) a hollow rock or nodule with the cavity usually lined with crystals
339,germ_layer,(embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation
340,gingiva gum,the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
341,gladiolus corpus_sternum,the large central part of the breastbone
342,globin hematohiston haematohiston,a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells
343,globulin,a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed
344,glossopharyngeal_nerve nervus_glossopharyngeus ninth_cranial_nerve,sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion
345,glucosamine,an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides
346,glucose,a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy
347,glutamic_oxalacetic_transaminase glutamic_oxaloacetic_transaminase,an enzyme involved in transamination
348,glutathione_peroxidase,an enzyme in the body that is a powerful scavenger of free radicals
349,glutelin,a simple protein found in the seeds of cereals
350,gluten,a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough
351,glyceride acylglycerol,an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
352,glyceryl,a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals
353,glycogen animal_starch,one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body
354,glycoprotein,a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component
355,gondang_wax fig_wax,a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree
356,goose_grease,grease derived from geese
357,graft transplant,(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
358,granulation granulation_tissue,new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
359,grease lubricating_oil,a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)
360,greater_omentum gastrocolic_omentum caul,part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines
361,grey_matter gray_matter grey_substance gray_substance substantia_grisea,greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons
362,group radical chemical_group,(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule
363,growth_factor,a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth
364,halibut-liver_oil,a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A
365,hamate hamate_bone unciform_bone os_hamatum,the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers
366,hamstring hamstring_tendon,one of the tendons at the back of the knee
367,hangnail agnail,a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
368,haptoglobin,a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)
369,haw,the nictitating membrane of a horse
370,heart_valve cardiac_valve,a valve to control one-way flow of blood
371,heelbone calcaneus os_tarsi_fibulare,the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel
372,hemoglobin haemoglobin Hb,a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; "fish have simpler hemoglobin than mammals"
373,hemoprotein haemoprotein,a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin
374,heparin Lipo-Hepin Liquaemin,a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibits the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; it (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis and in heart surgery
375,heterocyclic_ring heterocycle,a ring of atoms of more than one kind; especially a ring of carbon atoms containing at least one atom that is not carbon
376,heterograft xenograft,tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
377,heterophil_antibody heterophile_antibody Forssman_antibody,an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis
378,hexose,a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule
379,high-density_lipoprotein HDL alpha-lipoprotein,a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
380,hipbone innominate_bone,large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis
381,histaminase,enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
382,histone,a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids
383,homograft allograft,tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft
384,horror,something that inspires horror; something horrible; "the painting that others found so beautiful was a horror to him"
385,horseradish_peroxidase,an enzyme used in immunohistochemistry to label antigens and their antibodies
386,humerus,bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
387,hunk lump,a large piece of something without definite shape; "a hunk of bread"; "a lump of coal"
388,hyaline_cartilage,translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton
389,hyaloid_membrane hyaloid,the transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina
390,hyaluronic_acid,a viscous mucopolysaccharide found in the connective tissue space and the synovial fluid of movable joints and the humors of the eye; a cementing and protective substance
391,hyaluronidase spreading_factor Hyazyme,an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
392,hydnocarpus_oil,oil from seeds of trees of the genus Hydnocarpus especially Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia)
393,hydrazo_group hydrazo_radical,the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine
394,hydroxyl hydroxyl_group hydroxyl_radical,the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols
395,hydroxymethyl,a methyl with hydroxide replacing the hydrogen atoms
396,hymen maidenhead virginal_membrane,a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
397,hyoid hyoid_bone os_hyoideum,a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles
398,hypoglossal hypoglossal_nerve nervus_hypoglosus twelfth_cranial_nerve,supplies intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other tongue muscles
399,hyssop_oil,used chiefly in liqueurs
400,ilang-ilang,oil distilled from flowers of the ilang-ilang tree; used in perfumery
401,ileocecal_valve,valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine; prevents material from flowing back from the large to the small intestine
402,ilium,the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
403,immune_system,a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response
404,immunoglobulin Ig immune_serum_globulin immune_gamma_globulin immune_globulin,a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response
405,immunoglobulin_A IgA,one of the most common of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the chief antibody in the membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
406,immunoglobulin_D IgD,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present in blood serum in small amounts
407,immunoglobulin_E IgE,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present primarily in the skin and mucous membranes
408,immunoglobulin_G IgG,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the main antibody defense against bacteria
409,immunoglobulin_M IgM,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; involved in fighting blood infections and in triggering production of immunoglobulin G
410,imperforate_hymen,hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out
411,incisor,a tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth in both jaws
412,incus anvil,the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
413,inferior_ophthalmic_vein,a vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socket
414,inferior_pulmonary_vein vena_pulmanalis_inferior,either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs
415,inferior_thalamostriate_vein striate_vein,tributaries to the basal vein
416,inferior_thyroid_vein,any of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate vein
417,inferior_vena_cava postcava,receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins
418,infliximab Remicade,a monoclonal antibody (trade name Remicade) used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; administered by infusion; use and dosage must be determined by a physician
419,integumentary_system,the skin and its appendages
420,interleukin,any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system
421,internode,a segment of a stem between two nodes
422,interstitial_tissue,tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
423,intima,the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)
424,inulin,used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function
425,invert_sugar,a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose; found naturally in fruits; sweeter than glucose
426,invertase saccharase sucrase,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
427,investment,outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
428,iodoprotein iodinated_protein,a protein that contains iodine
429,iris,muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye; it forms the colored portion of the eye
430,iron_filing,a fragment of iron rubbed off by the use of a file
431,ischium ischial_bone os_ischii,one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
432,isoagglutinin,an antibody produced by one individual that causes agglutination of red blood cells in other individuals of the same species
433,isoantibody alloantibody,an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species
434,isomerase,an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
435,isthmus band,a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure
436,jaggery jagghery jaggary,unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap
437,jaw,the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
438,jimdandy jimhickey crackerjack,something excellent of its kind; "the bike was a jimdandy"
439,keratin ceratin,a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves
440,ketohexose,a monosaccharide having six carbon atoms and a ketone group
441,ketone_group,a group having the characteristic properties of ketones
442,ketose,any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal
443,kinase,an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
444,lacrimal_bone,small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
445,lactalbumin,albumin occurring in milk
446,lactase Lactaid,any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
447,lactose milk_sugar,a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk; "cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose"
448,lamella,a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones
449,lanolin wool_fat wool_grease,a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics
450,lantern_jaw,a long thin lower jaw
451,lard,soft white semisolid fat obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of the hog
452,lard_oil,oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant
453,leaf_fat leaf_lard,fat lining the abdomen and kidneys in hogs which is used to make lard
454,lecithin,a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
455,lectin,any of several plant glycoproteins that act like specific antibodies but are not antibodies in that they are not evoked by an antigenic stimulus
456,leg_bone,a bone of the leg
457,lemniscus fillet,a bundle of sensory nerve fibers going to the thalamus
458,lemongrass lemon_grass lemongrass_oil,an aromatic oil that smells like lemon and is widely used in Asian cooking and in perfumes and medicines
459,lens_cortex cortex,the tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus
460,leptomeninges,the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers
461,lesser_omentum,a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels
462,ligament,a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
463,linalool,a colorless fragrant liquid found in many essential oils
464,linseed_oil flaxseed_oil,a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints
465,lipase,an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
466,lipid lipide lipoid,an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
467,lipoprotein,a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood
468,long_bone os_longum,in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow
469,long_chain long-chain_molecule,(chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule
470,long_saphenous_vein great_saphenous_vein,the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein
471,low-density_lipoprotein LDL beta-lipoprotein,a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
472,lower_jaw mandible mandibula mandibular_bone submaxilla lower_jawbone jawbone jowl,the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth
473,lower_respiratory_tract,the bronchi and lungs
474,lumbar_nerve,any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord
475,lumbar_vertebra,one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae
476,lunate_bone semilunar_bone os_lunatum,one of the eight small wrist bones
477,lymph_node lymph_gland node,the source of lymph and lymphocytes
478,lymphatic_system systema_lymphaticum,the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body
479,lymphatic_tissue lymphoid_tissue,tissue making up the lymphatic system
480,lymphokine,a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)
481,lysozyme muramidase,an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
482,macromolecule supermolecule,any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
483,madia_oil,used as a substitute for olive oil
484,magnetic_dipole,a dipole with opposing magnetic poles
485,male_chest,the chest of a man
486,male_reproductive_system,the reproductive system of males
487,malleus hammer,the ossicle attached to the eardrum
488,malposed_tooth,a tooth that has grown in a faulty position
489,maltose malt_sugar,a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches
490,manubrium,the upper part of the breastbone
491,maple_sugar,sugar made from the sap of the sugar maple tree
492,marbling,the intermixture of fat and lean in a cut of meat
493,marrow bone_marrow,the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
494,marrowbone,a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup
495,matchwood,fragments of wood; "it was smashed into matchwood"
496,matrix,the formative tissue at the base of a nail
497,medulla,the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
498,membrane tissue_layer,a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants
499,membrane_bone,any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull
500,menhaden_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather
501,meninx meninges,a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord
502,meniscus semilunar_cartilage,(anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint
503,mesenchyme,mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
504,mesentery,a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines
505,mesocolon,mesentery that holds the lower colon to the dorsal abdominal wall
506,mesoderm mesoblast,the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
507,mesothelium,epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity
508,metacarpal metacarpal_bone,any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers
509,metal_filing,a fragment of metal rubbed off by the use of a file
510,metamere somite,one of a series of similar body segments into which some animals are divided longitudinally
511,metatarsal,any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes
512,methyl methyl_group methyl_radical,the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane
513,methylene_group methylene_radical methylene,the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane
514,microglia,neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocytic
515,middle_temporal_vein,arises near the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein
516,middle_thyroid_vein,a vein on each side that drains the lateral part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
517,mineral_oil,a distillate of petroleum (especially one used medicinally as a laxative or stool softener)
518,mitral_valve bicuspid_valve left_atrioventricular_valve,valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle
519,modiolus,the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea
520,molar grinder,grinding tooth with a broad crown; located behind the premolars
521,molecule,(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
522,monoamine_oxidase MAO,an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
523,monoclonal_antibody monoclonal,any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules
524,mononuclear_phagocyte_system MPS system_of_macrophages,a widely distributed system of free and fixed macrophages derived from bone marrow
525,monosaccharide monosaccharose simple_sugar,a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates
526,mons mons_veneris mons_pubis,a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
527,montan_wax,a hard wax obtained from lignite
528,motor_nerve efferent_nerve efferent,a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands
529,motor_oil,oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor
530,mucin,a nitrogenous substance found in mucous secretions; a lubricant that protects body surfaces
531,mucoid,any of several glycoproteins similar to mucin
532,mucopolysaccharide,complex polysaccharides containing an amino group; occur chiefly as components of connective tissue
533,mucous_membrane mucosa,mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
534,muscle muscular_tissue,animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
535,muscular_structure musculature muscle_system,the muscular system of an organism
536,musculoskeletal_system,the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form
537,mustard_oil,oil obtained from mustard seeds and used in making soap
538,mutton_tallow,tallow from the body of a mature sheep
539,myelin myeline medulla,a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers
540,myocardium,the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
541,myoglobin,a hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed
542,myosin,the commonest protein in muscle; a globulin that combines with actin to form actomyosin
543,nasal nasal_bone os_nasale,an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
544,nasal_concha,one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity
545,neat's-foot_oil,a pale yellow oil made from the feet and legs of cattle; used as a dressing for leather
546,neroli_oil,an odoriferous yellow oil found in orange flowers and used in perfumery and as a flavoring
547,nerve nervus,any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
548,nerve_growth_factor NGF,a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells
549,nerve_pathway tract nerve_tract pathway,a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain
550,nervous_system systema_nervosum,the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells
551,nervous_tissue nerve_tissue,tissue composed of neurons
552,neural_tube,a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop
553,neuroepithelium,epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
554,neuroglia glia,sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
555,neuropil neuropile,the complex network of unmyelinated axones, dendrites, and glial branches that form the bulk of the central nervous system's grey matter and in which nerve cell bodies are embedded
556,nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide NAD,a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes
557,nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate NADP,a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes
558,nictitating_membrane third_eyelid,a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
559,nitrite,the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid)
560,nitro_group,the group -NO3
561,nitrogenase,an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
562,nodule,(mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment)
563,nub stub,a small piece; "a nub of coal"; "a stub of a pencil"
564,nubbin,a small nub (especially an undeveloped fruit or ear of corn)
565,nuclease,general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units
566,nucleic_acid,(biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
567,nucleoprotein,any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid
568,nugget,a solid lump of a precious metal (especially gold) as found in the earth
569,oblique_vein_of_the_left_atrium vena_obliqua_atrii_sinistri,a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium
570,obturator_vein vena_obturatoria,a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein
571,occipital_bone,a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
572,occipital_vein vena_occipitalis,a vein that drains the occipital region
573,occiput,back part of the head or skull
574,oculomotor oculomotor_nerve nervus_oculomotorius third_cranial_nerve,supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye
575,oil,a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
576,oleo_oil,obtained from beef fat; used in making margarine and soap and in lubrication
577,olfactory_nerve nervii_olfactorii first_cranial_nerve,a collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa
578,oligodendroglia oligodendria,tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers
579,oligosaccharide,any of the carbohydrates that yield only a few monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
580,olive_oil,oil from olives
581,omentum,a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
582,open_chain,a chain of atoms in a molecule whose ends are not joined to form a ring
583,ophthalmic_vein vena_ophthalmica,either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus
584,opsin,retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin
585,opsonin,an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes
586,optic_nerve nervus_opticus second_cranial_nerve optic_tract,the cranial nerve that serves the retina
587,optic_radiation radiatio_optica,a nerve pathway from the lateral geniculate body to the visual cortex
588,ossicle bonelet ossiculum,a small bone; especially one in the middle ear
589,ovarian_vein vena_ovarica,one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein
590,oxidase,any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
591,oxidoreductase,an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
592,oxygenase,an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen
593,oxyhemoglobin oxyhaemoglobin,the bright red hemoglobin that is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen from the lungs; "oxyhemoglobin transports oxygen to the cells of the body"
594,pacemaker cardiac_pacemaker sinoatrial_node SA_node,a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
595,pacifier,anything that serves to pacify
596,palatine palatine_bone os_palatinum,either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits
597,palatine_vein vena_palatina,a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein
598,palm_oil,oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm
599,palpebra_conjunctiva conjunctival_layer_of_eyelids tunica_conjunctiva_palpebrarum,the part of the conjunctiva lining the posterior surface of the eyelids; continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva
600,pancreatic_vein venae_pancreatica,veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins
601,papain,a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
602,papillary_muscle,any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves; "the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria"
603,paraffin paraffin_wax,from crude petroleum; used for candles and for preservative or waterproof coatings
604,parasympathetic_nervous_system parasympathetic,originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels
605,paraumbilical_vein vena_paraumbilicalis,small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins
606,parenchyma,animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels
607,parietal_bone,either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
608,parietal_pericardium,the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
609,parietal_pleura,pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
610,paring sliver shaving,a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something
611,parotid_vein,parotid branches of the facial vein; they drain part of the parotid gland and empty into the retromandibular vein
612,part piece,a portion of a natural object; "they analyzed the river into three parts"; "he needed a piece of granite"
613,pastern fetter_bone,the part between the fetlock and the hoof
614,patella kneecap kneepan,a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint
615,peanut_oil groundnut_oil,an oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap
616,pearl_sago,sago ground into small round grains
617,pectin,any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables; used in making fruit jellies and jams
618,pectoral_vein vena_pectoralis,veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein
619,peduncle cerebral_peduncle,a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
620,pellicle,thin protective membrane in some protozoa
621,penicillinase beta-lactamase,enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
622,pennyroyal_oil,oil from European pennyroyal having an odor like mint; used chiefly in soaps
623,pennyroyal_oil hedeoma_oil,aromatic oil from American pennyroyal
624,pentose,any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule
625,pepsin,an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
626,pepsinogen,precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
627,perforated_eardrum,an eardrum with a hole or tear in it; can interfere with normal hearing and cause other ear problems
628,perforating_vein vena_perforantis,veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein
629,pericardial_vein vena_pericardiaca,several small veins from the pericardium
630,pericardium,a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart
631,perimysium,the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of muscle fibers
632,perineurium,the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of nerve fibers
633,periosteum,a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone
634,peripheral_nervous_system systema_nervosum_periphericum,the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
635,perithelium,tissue layer around small blood vessels
636,peritoneum,a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
637,permanent_tooth adult_tooth,any of the 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth of early childhood and (with luck) can last until old age
638,peroneal_vein fibular_vein vena_peroneus,accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein
639,peroxidase,any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide
640,petroleum crude_oil crude rock_oil fossil_oil oil,a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
641,phalanx,any of the bones of the fingers or toes
642,pharyngeal_tonsil adenoid Luschka's_tonsil third_tonsil tonsilla_pharyngealis tonsilla_adenoidea,a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children"
643,pharyngeal_vein vena_pharyngeus,veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein
644,phosphatase,any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
645,phospholipid,any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes
646,phosphoprotein,containing chemically bound phosphoric acid
647,phrenic_nerve nervus_phrenicus,one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
648,phrenic_vein vena_phrenica,either of two veins that drain the diaphragm
649,physical_entity,an entity that has physical existence
650,pia_mater,the highly vascular innermost of the 3 meninges
651,pinguecula,a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
652,pisang_wax,a wax obtained from the leaves of a plantain
653,pisiform pisiform_bone os_pisiforme,a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral
654,placenta,the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
655,plasma_protein,any of the proteins in blood plasma
656,plasma_thromboplastin_antecedent factor_XI,coagulation factor whose deficiency results in a hemorrhagic tendency
657,plasmin fibrinolysin,an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
658,plasminogen,an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents
659,plasminogen_activator urokinase,protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
660,plastron,(zoology) the part of a turtle's shell forming its underside
661,pleura,the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
662,polymerase,an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
663,polysaccharide polyose,any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
664,polyunsaturated_fat,a class of fats having long carbon chains with many double bonds unsaturated with hydrogen atoms; used in some margarines; supposedly associated with low blood cholesterol
665,popliteal_vein vena_poplitea,a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein
666,porpoise_oil,a yellow fatty oil obtained from porpoises and used as a fine lubricant
667,portal_system,system of veins that carry blood from the abdominal organs to the liver
668,portal_vein hepatic_portal_vein portal vena_portae,a short vein that carries blood into the liver
669,posterior_vein_of_the_left_ventricle vena_posterior_ventriculi_sinistri,arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus
670,pot potbelly bay_window corporation tummy,slang for a paunch
671,precipitin,an antibody that causes precipitation when it unites with its antigen
672,premolar bicuspid,a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars
673,prepuce foreskin,a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
674,prepuce foreskin,a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
675,prepyloric_vein vena_pylorica,a tributary of the right gastric vein
676,primary_tooth deciduous_tooth baby_tooth milk_tooth,one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children)
677,proaccelerin prothrombin_accelerator accelerator_factor factor_V,a coagulation factor
678,proconvertin cothromboplastin stable_factor factor_VII,a coagulation factor formed in the kidney under the influence of vitamin K
679,prolamine,a simple protein found in plants
680,propyl propyl_group propyl_radical,the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane
681,prostate_specific_antigen PSA,a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
682,protamine,a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin
683,protease peptidase proteinase proteolytic_enzyme,any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
684,protective_fold,a flap of tissue that protects what it covers
685,protein,any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
686,protein_molecule,any large molecule containing chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
687,proteome,the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome
688,prothorax,the anterior part of an insect's thorax; bears the first pair of legs
689,prothrombin factor_II,a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
690,prothrombinase factor_X,coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors
691,proud_flesh,the swollen tissue around a healing wound or ulcer
692,pruning,something that has been pruned off of a plant
693,pterygium,either of two thickened triangular layers of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; it arises from irritation of the pinguecula
694,ptyalin,an amylase secreted in saliva
695,pubis pubic_bone os_pubis,one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis
696,pudendal_vein venae_pudendum,vein of the pudendum
697,pulmonary_valve,a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart
698,pulmonary_vein vena_pulmonalis,any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
699,pulp,a mixture of cellulose fibers
700,pulp,the soft inner part of a tooth
701,puppy_fat,fat on the body of a baby or child; disappears at adolescence
702,pyramidal_tract pyramidal_motor_system corticospinal_tract,any of the important motor nerves on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral root of the spinal cord
703,radial_nerve nervus_radialis musculospiral_nerve,largest branch of the brachial plexus; extends down the humerus to the lateral epicondyle where it divides into one branch that goes to the skin on the back of the hand and another that goes to the underlying extensor muscles
704,radial_vein vena_radialis,superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein
705,radius,the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm
706,raffinose,a trisaccharide that occurs in sugar beets and cotton seeds and certain cereals
707,ramus,the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
708,rape_oil rapeseed_oil colza_oil,edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant
709,reagin,an immunoglobulin E that is formed as an antibody against allergens (such as pollen); attaches to cell membranes causing the release of histamine and other substances responsible for the local inflammation characteristic of an allergy
710,recombinant_protein,a protein derived from recombinant DNA
711,red_marrow red_bone_marrow,bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
712,reductase,an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
713,renal_cortex,the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules
714,renal_vein vena_renalis,veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra
715,renin,a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
716,rennin chymosin,an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
717,reproductive_system genital_system,organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring
718,reservoir source,anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies; "an infectious agent depends on a reservoir for its survival"
719,residual_oil resid,oil products that remain after petroleum has been distilled
720,respiratory_system systema_respiratorium,the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide; in terrestrial animals this is accomplished by breathing
721,respiratory_tract airway,the passages through which air enters and leaves the body
722,restriction_endonuclease restriction_nuclease restriction_enzyme,any of the enzymes that cut nucleic acid at specific restriction sites and produce restriction fragments; obtained from bacteria (where they cripple viral invaders); used in recombinant DNA technology
723,restriction_fragment,the fragment of DNA that is produced by cleaving DNA with a restriction enzyme
724,reticuloendothelial_system RES,a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells
725,retina,the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
726,reverse_transcriptase,a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses
727,rheumatoid_factor,autoantibody that is usually present in the serum of people with rheumatoid arthritis
728,rib costa,any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
729,ribonuclease ribonucleinase RNase,a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid
730,ribose,a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
731,ricin ricin_toxin,a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon; "one milligram of ricin can kill an adult"
732,round_bone,bones that are round in shape
733,round_ligament_of_the_uterus ligamentum_teres_uteri,ligament attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the Fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal canal to the labia majora
734,row,a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally); "a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds"; "rows of barbed wire protected the trenches"
735,sacral_nerve,any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the sacral region of the spinal cord
736,sacral_vein vena_sacralis,vein of the sacral region
737,sacral_vertebra,one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum
738,sacrum,wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx
739,safflower_oil,oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints
740,safflower_oil,oil from seeds of the safflower plant
741,sago,powdery starch from certain sago palms; used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener
742,salad_oil,any of several edible vegetable oils that can be used in salad dressings
743,salmon_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the wastes in canning salmon; used in making soap and dressing leather
744,saphenous_nerve nervus_saphenus,a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot
745,saphenous_vein vena_saphena,either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot
746,sarcolemma,an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
747,sarcomere,one of the segments into which a myofibril is divided
748,sardine_oil,oil obtained from sardines and used chiefly as a lubricant and in soap
749,sassafras_oil,oil from root bark of sassafras trees; used in perfumery and as a disinfectant
750,scale scurf exfoliation,a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
751,scale_wax paraffin_scale,partly refined paraffin wax
752,scalp,the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
753,scaphoid_bone os_scaphoideum navicular,the largest wrist bone on the thumb side
754,scapula shoulder_blade shoulder_bone,either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
755,scar_tissue,the connective tissue that forms a scar; consists of fibroblasts in new scars and collagen fibers in old scars
756,sciatic_nerve nervus_ischiadicus,arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves
757,sclera sclerotic_coat,the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball
758,scleral_veins venae_sclerales,tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye
759,scleroprotein albuminoid,a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye
760,scraping,(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected; "they collected blood scrapings for analysis"
761,scrotal_vein vena_scrotalis,veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins
762,scurf,(botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts
763,seal_oil,a pale yellow to red-brown fatty oil obtained from seal blubber; used in making soap and dressing leather and as a lubricant
764,secretase,a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
765,section,a segment of a citrus fruit; "he ate a section of the orange"
766,section,a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope; "sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue"
767,security_blanket,anything that an adult person uses to reduce anxiety
768,segment,one of the parts into which something naturally divides; "a segment of an orange"
769,semilunar_valve,a heart valve with cusps shaped like half-moons; prevents blood from flowing back into the heart
770,semipermeable_membrane,a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others
771,sensory_nerve afferent_nerve afferent,a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system
772,sensory_system,the body's system of sense organs
773,serous_membrane serosa,a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid
774,serum_albumin,albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood
775,serum_globulin,globulins occurring in blood serum and containing most of the antibodies of the blood
776,sesame_oil,oil obtained from sesame seeds
777,sesamoid_bone sesamoid os_sesamoideum,any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint
778,shale_oil,oil extracted from oil shale by heating
779,shark_oil shark-liver_oil,a fatty yellow to brown oil obtained from the livers of sharks; used for dressing leather and as a source of vitamin A
780,shellac_wax lac_wax,a hard wax separated from shellac by its insolubility in alcohol
781,short_bone os_breve,a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions
782,short_saphenous_vein,a vein running from the foot up the back of the leg to the knee
783,shortening,fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods
784,sigmoid_vein vena_sigmoideus,tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon
785,simple_protein,a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed
786,sinciput,the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)
787,skeletal_system skeleton frame systema_skeletale,the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal
788,ski_wax,wax used on the bottom of skis
789,skin tegument cutis,a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
790,skin_graft,a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
791,skull,the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
792,slice,a thin flat piece cut off of some object
793,smooth_muscle,muscle tissue that does not appear striated under the microscope; has the form of thin layers or sheets
794,sodium_nitrite,nitrite used to preserve and color food especially in meat and fish products; implicated in the formation of suspected carcinogens
795,soft_palate velum,a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
796,soybean_oil soyabean_oil,oil from soya beans
797,spall spawl,a fragment broken off from the edge or face of stone or ore and having at least one thin edge; "a truck bearing a mound of blue spalls"
798,spare_tire love_handle,excess fat around the waistline
799,spark,a small fragment of a burning substance thrown out by burning material or by friction
800,sperm_oil,an animal oil found in the blubber of the sperm whale
801,spermaceti,a white waxy substance from oil of the sperm whale
802,sphenoid_bone sphenoid os_sphenoidale,butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
803,spike_lavender_oil spike_oil,pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics
804,spinal_nerve nervus_spinalis,any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)
805,spinal_nerve_root,one of two roots of the spinal nerves
806,spinal_nerve_roots,either of two roots of the spinal nerves
807,spinal_vein vena_spinalis,veins that drain the spinal cord
808,splanchnic_nerve,any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels
809,spleen lien,a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
810,splenic_vein vena_lienalis,a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein
811,splint,a thin sliver of wood; "he lit the fire with a burning splint"
812,splint_bone,a rudimentary metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal
813,splinter sliver,a small thin sharp bit or wood or glass or metal; "he got a splinter in his finger"; "it broke into slivers"
814,stachyose,a tetrasaccharide found in the tubers of the Chinese artichoke
815,stand_oil,a thick oil comprised of linseed, tung, or soya oils which have been heated to over 300 C
816,stapes stirrup,the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
817,starch amylum,a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles
818,stellate_venule,a star-shaped group of venules in the renal cortex
819,sternocleidomastoid_vein vena_sternocleidomastoidea,drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein
820,sternum breastbone,the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
821,stinker,anything that gives off an offensive odor (especially a cheap cigar)
822,straight_chain,an open chain of atoms with no side chains
823,streptodornase,an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
824,streptokinase,an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
825,striated_muscle_tissue,muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes
826,strip,a relatively long narrow piece of something; "he felt a flat strip of muscle"
827,stroma,the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)
828,structure anatomical_structure complex_body_part bodily_structure body_structure,a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing and its construction and arrangement; "he has good bone structure"
829,stump,the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed
830,stylomastoid_vein vena_stylomastoidea,a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein
831,subclavian_vein vena_subclavia,a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein
832,subject content depicted_object,something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; "a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject"
833,sublingual_vein vena_sublingualis,a tributary of the lingual vein
834,submucosa,the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane
835,sucrose saccharose,a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
836,suet,hard fat around the kidneys and loins in beef and sheep
837,sunflower_oil sunflower-seed_oil,oil from sunflower seeds
838,superficial_temporal_vein,join the middle temporal vein to empty into the retromandibular vein
839,superior_ophthalmic_vein,a vein that begins at the inner angle of the eye socket and passes through the superior orbital fissure to empty into the cavernous sinus
840,superior_pulmonary_vein vena_pulmonalis_superior,either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs
841,superior_thalamostriate_vein,a long vein that helps to form the internal cerebral vein
842,superior_thyroid_vein,a vein on each side that drains the upper part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
843,superior_vena_cava precava,receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins
844,superoxide_dismutase SOD,an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; "oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes"
845,supraorbital_vein vena_supraorbitalis,drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein
846,supratrochlear_vein vena_supratrochlearis,drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein
847,sweet_oil,mild vegetable oil when used as food; especially olive or edible rape oil
848,sympathetic_nervous_system,originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
849,synovial_membrane synovium,a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
850,system,a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
851,tall_oil,an oil derived from wood pulp and used in making soaps or lubricants
852,tallow,obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants
853,tallow_oil,an animal oil obtained by pressing tallow; used as a lubricant
854,tarsal tarsal_bone,any bone of the tarsus
855,telomerase,an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide
856,temporal_bone os_temporale,a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
857,temporal_vein vena_temporalis,any of several veins draining the temporal region
858,tendon sinew,a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
859,testicular_vein vena_testicularis,a vein from the testicles
860,tetanus_antitoxin,antitoxin given for short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus
861,tetanus_immunoglobulin tetanus_immune_globulin,sterile solution of globulins derived from the blood plasma of a person who has been immunized for tetanus; provides short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus
862,tetrasaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield four monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
863,tetrose,any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule
864,thalamostriate_vein,a vein serving the thalamus and corpus striatum
865,thick_skin,skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
866,thing,a separate and self-contained entity
867,thing,an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldn't tell what the thing was"
868,thoracic_nerve,any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord
869,thoracic_vein vena_thoracica,veins that drain the thoracic walls
870,thoracic_vertebra dorsal_vertebra,one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra
871,thoracoepigastric_vein vena_thoracoepigastrica,a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein
872,thorax,part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs
873,thorax,the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen
874,thorax chest pectus,the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates
875,thrombin,an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
876,thromboplastin thrombokinase factor_III,an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
877,thyroglobulin,an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins
878,thyroid_cartilage Adam's_apple,the largest cartilage of the larynx
879,thyroid_vein vena_thyroidea,any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area
880,thyroprotein,a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine
881,tibia shinbone shin_bone shin,the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
882,tibial_vein vena_tibialis,veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein
883,tissue,part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
884,toe,forepart of a hoof
885,tonsil palatine_tonsil faucial_tonsil tonsilla,either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx
886,tooth,hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense
887,torso trunk body,the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies"
888,trabecula,rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)
889,tracheal_vein vena_trachealis,several small veins from the trachea
890,tract,a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
891,transaminase aminotransferase aminopherase,a class of transferases that catalyze transamination (that transfer an amino group from an amino acid to another compound)
892,transcriptase RNA_polymerase,the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA
893,transferase,any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound
894,transferrin beta_globulin siderophilin,a globulin in blood plasma that carries iron
895,trapezium trapezium_bone os_trapezium,the wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals
896,trapezoid trapezoid_bone os_trapezoideum,the wrist bone between the trapezium and the capitate bones
897,tricuspid_valve right_atrioventricular_valve,valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts
898,trigeminal trigeminal_nerve trigeminus nervus_trigeminus fifth_cranial_nerve,the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
899,triglyceride,glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
900,triose,any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule
901,triphosphopyridine_nucleotide,a coenzyme of several enzymes
902,triquetral triquetral_bone os_triquetrum cuneiform_bone pyramidal_bone,a wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bones
903,trisaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield three monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
904,trochlear trochlear_nerve trochlearis fourth_cranial_nerve,either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes
905,trophoblast,the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall; "after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta"
906,true_rib,one of the first seven ribs in a human being which attach to the sternum
907,trypsin,an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
908,trypsinogen,inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine
909,tube tube-shaped_structure,(anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure
910,tumor_necrosis_factor tumour_necrosis_factor TNF,a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)
911,tuna_oil,an oil obtained from tuna
912,tung_oil Chinese_wood_oil,a yellow oil obtained from the seeds of the tung tree
913,tunic tunica adventitia,an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
914,tunica_albuginea_testes,whitish cover of the testicle
915,turbinate_bone turbinate turbinal,any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
916,turning,a shaving created when something is produced by turning it on a lathe
917,turpentine oil_of_turpentine spirit_of_turpentine turps,volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally
918,tusk,a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog
919,tympanic_bone,the bone enclosing the middle ear
920,tympanic_vein,veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein
921,ubiquinone coenzyme_Q,any of several quinones found in living cells and that function as coenzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another in cell respiration
922,ulna elbow_bone,the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
923,ulnar_nerve cubital_nerve nervus_ulnaris,a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand
924,ulnar_vein vena_ulnaris,any of several veins of the forearm
925,umbilical_cord umbilical,membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
926,umbilical_vein vena_umbilicalis,a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus
927,underpart,a part lying on the lower side or underneath an animal's body; "the warbler has a white throat and underparts"; "a woodland mouse with white underparts"
928,unit building_block,a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; "units of nucleic acids"
929,unit_cell,the smallest group of atoms or molecules whose repetition at regular intervals in three dimensions produces the lattices of a crystal
930,upper_jaw upper_jawbone maxilla maxillary,the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium
931,upper_respiratory_tract,the nose and throat and trachea
932,uranyl uranyl_group uranyl_radical,the bivalent radical UO2 which forms salts with acids
933,urease,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria
934,urinary_tract,the organs and tubes involved in the production and excretion of urine
935,urogenital_system urogenital_apparatus urinary_system urinary_apparatus genitourinary_system genitourinary_apparatus systema_urogenitale apparatus_urogenitalis,the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine
936,uterine_vein,one of two veins on each side that arise from the uterine plexus and empty into the internal iliac vein
937,uvea,the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
938,uvula,a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
939,vagus vagus_nerve nervus_vagus pneumogastric pneumogastric_nerve tenth_cranial_nerve wandering_nerve,a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
940,valve,a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it
941,valvule valvelet valvula,a small valve
942,variable,something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation; "the weather is one variable to be considered"
943,varicose_vein,a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs
944,vascular_structure,a structure composed of or provided with blood vessels
945,vascular_system,the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids such as blood or lymph or sap through the body of an animal or plant
946,vegetable_oil oil,any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants
947,vegetable_wax,a waxy substance obtained from plants (especially from the trunks of certain palms)
948,vein vena venous_blood_vessel,a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; "all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood"
949,vein_of_penis,a vein serving the penis
950,vena_bulbi_penis,vein of the head of the penis; tributary of the internal pudendal vein that drains the perineum
951,vena_bulbi_vestibuli,vein of the vestibular bulb
952,vena_canaliculi_cochleae,vein of the cochlear canal
953,vena_cava,either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart
954,vena_profunda_penis,deep vein of the penis; enters the prostatic plexus
955,venae_dorsales_penis_profunda,deep dorsal vein of the penis; tributary of the prostatic plexus
956,venae_dorsales_penis_superficiales,superficial dorsal veins of the penis; paired tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side
957,venae_interlobulares_hepatis,interlobular veins of the liver
958,venae_interlobulares_renis,interlobular veins of the kidney; receive blood from the arcuate vein and empty into the renal veins
959,venae_palpebrales,veins of the eyelids
960,venae_renis,veins of the kidney; drain the kidney into the renal vein
961,venation venous_blood_system,(zoology) the system of venous blood vessels in an animal
962,venter,a bulging body part (as the belly of a muscle)
963,ventral_root ventral_horn anterior_root anterior_horn,one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers
964,venule venula capillary_vein,a minute vein continuous with a capillary
965,vertebra,one of the bony segments of the spinal column
966,vertebral_vein vena_vertebralis,a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein
967,very_low_density_lipoprotein VLDL,large lipoproteins rich in triglycerides; VLDLs circulate through the blood giving up their triglycerides to fat and muscle tissue until the VLDL remnants are modified and converted into LDL
968,vesical_vein vena_vesicalis,veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins
969,vessel vas,a tube in which a body fluid circulates
970,vestibular_apparatus vestibular_system,organs mediating the labyrinthine sense; concerned with equilibrium
971,vestibular_vein vena_vestibularis,veins that drain the saccule and utricle
972,vinyl vinyl_group vinyl_radical,a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene
973,visceral_pleura,pleura that covers the lungs
974,visual_system,the sensory system for vision
975,vomer,thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
976,vortex_vein vorticose_vein vena_vorticosum,a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins
977,walnut_oil,oil from walnuts
978,water_vascular_system,system of fluid-filled tubes used by echinoderms in locomotion and feeding and respiration
979,wax,any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water
980,web,membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals
981,whacker whopper,something especially big or impressive of its kind
982,whale_oil train_oil,a white to brown oil obtained from whale blubber; formerly used as an illuminant
983,wheat_gluten,gluten prepared from wheat
984,white_matter substantia_alba,whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths
985,wisdom_tooth,any of the last 4 teeth on each side of the upper and lower jaw; the last of the permanent teeth to erupt (between ages 16 and 21)
986,wishbone wishing_bone,the furcula of a domestic fowl
987,withers,the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals
988,wood_pulp,wood that has been ground to a pulp; used in making cellulose products (as rayon or paper)
989,wood_sugar xylose,a sugar extracted from wood or straw; used in foods for diabetics
990,wool_oil,any oil used to oil wool before spinning
991,world,a part of the earth that can be considered separately; "the outdoor world"; "the world of insects"
992,wormwood_oil absinthe_oil,a dark bitter oil obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs
993,xiphoid_process,smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib
994,yellow_marrow yellow_bone_marrow,bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
995,zona_pellucida,thick membrane around the mammalian ovum; can be penetrated by one sperm in the fertilization process; usually remains around the fertilized egg until it is implanted in the wall of the uterus
996,zone zona,(anatomy) any encircling or beltlike structure
997,zonule zonula,small beltlike zone
998,zygoma zygomatic_arch arcus_zygomaticus,the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
999,zymase,a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms
