0,ABO_antibodies,blood type antibodies
1,Aare Aar Aare_River,a river in north central Switzerland that runs northeast into the Rhine
2,Abukir Abukir_Bay,a bay on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt
3,Acheron River_Acheron,(Greek mythology) a river in Hades across which the souls of the dead were carried by Charon
4,Acheson_process,an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
5,Achilles_tendon tendon_of_Achilles,a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf
6,Adige River_Adige,a river in northern Italy that flows southeast into the Adriatic Sea; "Verona is on the Adige"
7,Adriatic Adriatic_Sea,an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west
8,Aegean Aegean_Sea,an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia
9,Aegospotami Aegospotamos,a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War
10,Aire River_Aire Aire_River,a river in northern England that flows southeast through West Yorkshire
11,Alabama Alabama_River,a river in Alabama formed by the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers near Montgomery; flows southwestward to become a tributary of the Mobile River
12,Allegheny Allegheny_River,a river that rises in Pennsylvania and flows north into New York and then back south through Pennsylvania again to join the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh which is the beginning of the Ohio River
13,Amazon Amazon_River,a major South American river; arises in the Andes and flows eastward into the South Atlantic; the world's 2nd longest river (4000 miles)
14,American_Falls,a part of Niagara Falls in western New York (north of Buffalo)
15,Americanization Americanisation,assimilation into American culture
16,Amur Amur_River Heilong_Jiang Heilong,an Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk
17,Andaman_Sea,part of the Bay of Bengal to the west of the Malay Peninsula
18,Angara Angara_River Tunguska Upper_Tunguska,a river in southeastern Siberia that flows northwest from Lake Baikal to become a tributary of the Yenisei River
19,Angel Angel_Falls,the highest waterfall; has more than one leap; flow varies seasonally
20,Anglicization Anglicisation,the act of anglicizing; making English in appearance
21,Antarctic_Ocean,the southern waters surrounding Antarctica
22,Apalachicola Apalachicola_River,a river in northwestern Florida formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River at the Florida border
23,Arabian_Sea,a northwestern arm of the Indian Ocean between India and Arabia
24,Arafura_Sea,a part of the western Pacific Ocean to the north of Australia and to the south of New Guinea and the eastern islands of Indonesia
25,Araguaia Araguaia_River Araguaya Araguaya_River,a river in central Brazil that flows generally northward (with many falls) to join the Tocantins River
26,Aras Araxes,a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
27,Arauca,a river that rises in northern Colombia and flows generally eastward to the Orinoco in central Venezuela
28,Arctic_Ocean,ice covered waters surrounding the North Pole; mostly covered with solid ice or with ice floes and icebergs
29,Argun Argun_River Ergun_He,a river in eastern Asia that arises in China and flows northeast along the border between China and Russia to become a tributary of the Amur River
30,Arkansas Arkansas_River,a river that rises in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and flows southeast through Kansas and Oklahoma and through Arkansas to become a tributary of the Mississippi River
31,Arno Arno_River River_Arno,a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea
32,Atlantic Atlantic_Ocean,the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east
33,Avon River_Avon,a river in southwestern England rising in Gloucestershire and flowing through Bristol to empty into the estuary of the Severn
34,Avon River_Avon Upper_Avon Upper_Avon_River,a river in central England that flows through Stratford-on-Avon and empties into the Severn
35,Babinski Babinski_reflex Babinski_sign,extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons
36,Baffin_Bay,a body of water between Greenland and northeastern Canada; connected with the Arctic Ocean to the north and with the Atlantic Ocean (via the Labrador Sea) to the south; icebound in winter
37,Baikal Lake_Baikal Baykal Lake_Baykal,the largest freshwater lake in Asia or Europe and the deepest lake in the world
38,Balaton Lake_Balaton Plattensee,a large shallow lake in western Hungary
39,Baldwin,an American eating apple with red or yellow and red skin
40,Baltic Baltic_Sea,a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy
41,Barbados_gooseberry blade_apple,small yellow to orange fruit of the Barbados gooseberry cactus used in desserts and preserves and jellies
42,Barents_Sea,the part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Norway and Russia
43,Bartholin's_gland,either of the two posterior vestibular glands that secrete a lubricating mucus; homologous to Cowper's gland in the male
44,Bay_of_Bengal,an arm of the Indian Ocean to the east of India
45,Bay_of_Biscay,an arm of the Atlantic Ocean in western Europe; bordered by the west coast of France and the north coast of Spain
46,Bay_of_Fundy,a bay of the North Atlantic between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; noted for rapid tides as great as 70 feet
47,Bay_of_Naples,an arm of the Tyrrhenian Sea at Naples
48,Beaufort_Sea,part of the Arctic Ocean to the northeast of Alaska
49,Bering_Sea,part of the North Pacific between Alaska and Siberia; connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait
50,Bering_Strait,a strait connecting the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean
51,Bessemer_process,an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities; the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost
52,Big_Sioux_River,a river that rises in northeastern South Dakota and flows southward to join the Missouri River at Sioux City, Iowa
53,Bighorn Bighorn_River,a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana
54,Bight_of_Benin,a broad indentation of the Gulf of Guinea in western Africa
55,Biscayne_Bay,a narrow bay formed by an inlet from the Atlantic Ocean in southeastern Florida
56,Bismarck_Sea,an arm of the South Pacific to the southwest of the Bismarck Archipelago
57,Black_Sea Euxine_Sea,a sea between Europe and Asia; a popular resort area of eastern Europeans
58,Blue_Nile,a headstream of the Nile; joins the White Nile at Khartoum to form the Nile
59,Bo_Hai Po_Hai,an inlet of the Yellow Sea, on the coast of Eastern China
60,Bosporus,a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route
61,Bowman's_capsule glomerular_capsule capsula_glomeruli,thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of a nephron
62,Bradley_method_of_childbirth Bradley_method,a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth by providing education and exercises and nutrition and techniques of breathing and relaxation (with the assistance of the father)
63,Brahmaputra Brahmaputra_River,an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal
64,Bramley's_Seedling,very large cooking apple
65,Brazos Brazos_River,a river that rises in Mexico and flows across Texas into the Gulf of Mexico
66,Bristol_Channel,an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean between southern Wales and southwestern England
67,Broca's_area Broca's_center Broca's_gyrus Broca's_convolution convolution_of_Broca,the motor speech center in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people
68,Brodmann's_area,one of the cortical areas mapped out on the basis of its cytoarchitecture
69,Bull_Run,a creek in northeastern Virginia where two battles were fought in the American Civil War
70,Buzzards_Bay,an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in southeastern Massachusetts
71,C-reactive_protein CRP,a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation
72,Caloosahatchee Caloosahatchee_River,a river in southern Florida that flows westerly to the Gulf of Mexico; forms the western end of the Cross-Florida Waterway
73,Cam River_Cam Cam_River,a river in east central England that flows past Cambridge to join the Ouse River
74,Canadian Canadian_River,a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma
75,Canadian_Falls Horseshoe_Falls,a part of Niagara Falls in Ontario
76,Canandaigua_Lake Lake_Canandaigua,a glacial lake in central New York; one of the Finger Lakes
77,Cape_Cod_Bay,the southern part of Massachusetts Bay
78,Cape_Fear_River,a river in North Carolina that flows southeast to the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Fear
79,Caribbean Caribbean_Sea,an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between North and South America; the origin of the Gulf stream
80,Caspian Caspian_Sea,a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world
81,Catawba,slipskin grape; a reddish American table grape
82,Cayuga_Lake Lake_Cayuga,a glacial lake in central New York; the longest of the Finger Lakes
83,Chang_Jiang Changjiang Chang Yangtze Yangtze_River Yangtze_Kiang,the longest river of Asia; flows eastward from Tibet into the East China Sea near Shanghai
84,Chao_Phraya,a river in Thailand formed by the confluence of the Nan and Ping Rivers; flows southward past Bangkok and empties into the Gulf of Thailand
85,Charles Charles_River,a river in eastern Massachusetts that empties into Boston Harbor and that separates Cambridge from Boston
86,Chattahoochee Chattahoochee_River,a river rising in northern Georgia and flowing southwest and south to join the Flint River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River
87,Chesapeake_Bay,a large inlet of the North Atlantic between Virginia and Maryland; fed by Susquehanna River
88,Christmas_factor factor_IX,coagulation factor whose absence is associated with hemophilia B
89,Chukchi_Sea,part of the Arctic Ocean just to the north of the Bering Strait
90,Cimarron Cimarron_River,a river that rises in northeastern New Mexico and flows eastward into Oklahoma where it becomes a tributary of the Arkansas River
91,Clinch_River,a river that rises in southwestern Virginia and flows generally southwestward across eastern Tennessee to the Tennessee River
92,Clyde,a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow
93,Cocytus River_Cocytus,(Greek mythology) a river in Hades that was said to be a tributary of the Acheron
94,Coeur_d'Alene_Lake,a lake in northern Idaho
95,Colorado Colorado_River,a river in Texas; flows southeast into the Gulf of Mexico
96,Colorado Colorado_River,an important river in the southwestern United States; rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest through Utah into Arizona (where it flows through the Grand Canyon) and then southward through the southern tip of Nevada, then forming the border between California and Arizona and finally into Mexico where it empties into the Gulf of California; the main source of water in the southwestern United States
97,Columbia Columbia_River,a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring
98,Concord_grape,slipskin grape; a purple table grape of the northeastern United States
99,Congo Congo_River Zaire_River,a major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
100,Connecticut Connecticut_River,a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound
101,Constance Lake_Constance Bodensee,a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River
102,Cook_Strait,a narrow strait separating the North Island and South Island in New Zealand
103,Coosa Coosa_River,river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through eastern Alabama to join the Tallapoosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River
104,Coral_Sea,an arm of the South Pacific to the northeast of Australia
105,Coriolis_effect,(physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
106,Coriolis_force,(physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced
107,Cortland,large apple with a red skin
108,Cowper's_gland bulbourethral_gland,either of two glands that discharge a component of seminal fluid into the urethra; homologous to Bartholin's gland in the female
109,Cox's_Orange_Pippin,a yellow Pippin with distinctive flavor
110,Cross-Florida_Waterway Okeechobee_Waterway,a waterway used by small boats to travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee Canal and the Caloosahatchee River
111,Cumberland Cumberland_River,a river that rises in southeastern Kentucky and flows westward through northern Tennessee to become a tributary of the Ohio River in southwestern Kentucky
112,Cuquenan Cuquenan_Falls Kukenaam Kukenaam_Falls,a famous waterfall in Venezuela
113,DNA_polymerase,the enzyme responsible for DNA replication
114,Danube Danube_River Danau,the 2nd longest European river (after the Volga); flows from southwestern Germany to the Black Sea; "Vienna, Budapest, and Belgrade are on the banks of the Danube"
115,Dardanelles Canakkale_Bogazi Hellespont,the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey
116,Darling Darling_River,an Australian river; tributary of the Murray River
117,Dead_Sea,a saltwater lake on the border between Israel and Jordan; its surface in 1292 feet below sea level
118,Delaware Delaware_River,a river that rises in the Catskills in southeastern New York and flows southward along the border of Pennsylvania with New York and New Jersey to northern Delaware where it empties into Delaware Bay
119,Delaware_Bay,an inlet of the North Atlantic; fed by the Delaware River
120,Delicious,variety of sweet eating apples
121,Demerara,a river in northern Guyana that flows northward into the Atlantic
122,Detroit_River,a short river flowing from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie along the border between the United States and Canada; one the busiest inland waterways in the world
123,Dnieper Dnieper_River,a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea
124,Don Don_River,a European river in southwestern Russia; flows into the Sea of Azov
125,Doppler_effect Doppler_shift,change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other
126,Dutch_treat,a dinner where each person pays for his own
127,East_China_Sea,part of the Pacific Ocean near eastern Asia
128,East_River,a tidal strait separating Manhattan and the Bronx from Queens and Brooklyn
129,Ebro Ebro_River,a river in northeastern Spain; flows into the Mediterranean
130,Elbe Elbe_River,a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea
131,Elizabeth_River,a short river in southeastern Virginia flowing between Norfolk and Portsmouth into Hampton Roads
132,Empire,an eating apple that somewhat resembles a McIntosh; used as both an eating and a cooking apple
133,English_Channel,an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that forms a channel between France and Britain
134,English_walnut,nut with a wrinkled two-lobed seed and hard but relatively thin shell; widely used in cooking
135,Euphrates Euphrates_River,a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
136,Europeanization Europeanisation,assimilation into European culture
137,Eustachian_tube auditory_tube,either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
138,Eyre Lake_Eyre,a shallow salt lake in south central Australia about 35 feet below sea level; the largest lake in the country and the lowest point on the continent
139,Fallopian_tube uterine_tube oviduct,either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus
140,Firth_of_Clyde,a firth on the southwestern coast of Scotland emptying into the North Channel
141,Firth_of_Forth,a large firth on the east coast of Scotland and the estuary of the Forth River; location of Edinburgh
142,Flint Flint_River,a river in western Georgia that flows generally south to join the Chattahoochee River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River
143,Forth Forth_River,a river in southern Scotland that flows eastward to the Firth of Forth
144,Fox_River,a river in Wisconsin that flows into Lake Michigan
145,Galveston_Bay,an arm of the Gulf of Mexico in Texas to the south of Houston
146,Galway_Bay,a bay of the North Atlantic on the west coast of Ireland
147,Gan_Jiang Kan_River,a river in southeastern China that flows generally north into the Chang Jiang to the north of Nanchang
148,Ganges Ganges_River,an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of the Hindus
149,Garonne Garonne_River,a river that rises in the Pyrenees and flows northwest to the Bay of Biscay
150,Ghedda_wax,wax from Indian and African bees
151,Gila Gila_River,a river that rises in western New Mexico and flows westward through southern Arizona to become a tributary of the Colorado River
152,Golden_Delicious Yellow_Delicious,a sweet eating apple with yellow skin
153,Golden_Gate,a strait in western California that connects the San Francisco Bay with the Pacific Ocean; discovered in 1579 by Sir Francis Drake
154,Golgi_body Golgi_apparatus Golgi_complex dictyosome,a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions)
155,Graafian_follicle,a vascular body in a mammalian ovary enclosing a developing egg
156,Grand_River,a river in southern Michigan that flows northwest to empty into Lake Michigan
157,Granny_Smith,apple with a green skin and hard tart flesh
158,Great_Australian_Bight,a wide bay of the Indian Ocean in southern Australia; notorious for storms
159,Great_Salt_Lake,a shallow body of salt water in northwestern Utah
160,Great_Slave_Lake,a lake in the Northwest Territories in northwestern Canada; drained by the Mackenzie River
161,Green Green_River,a river that rises in western Wyoming and flows southward through Utah to become a tributary of the Colorado River
162,Greenland_Sea,part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Iceland
163,Grimes'_golden,yellow apple that ripens in late autumn; eaten raw
164,Guantanamo_Bay,an inlet of the Caribbean Sea; a United States naval station was established on the bay in 1903
165,Gulf_of_Aden,arm of the Indian Ocean at the entrance to the Red Sea
166,Gulf_of_Alaska,a gulf of the Pacific Ocean between the Alaska Peninsula and the Alexander Archipelago
167,Gulf_of_Antalya,a gulf of the Mediterranean Sea in southwestern Turkey
168,Gulf_of_Aqaba Gulf_of_Akaba,a northeastern arm of the Red Sea; between the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) and Saudi Arabia
169,Gulf_of_Bothnia,a northern arm of the Baltic Sea; between Sweden and Finland
170,Gulf_of_California Sea_of_Cortes,a gulf to the west of the mainland of Mexico
171,Gulf_of_Campeche Golfo_de_Campeche Bay_of_Campeche,a part of the Gulf of Mexico to the west of Yucatan
172,Gulf_of_Carpentaria Carpentaria,a wide shallow inlet of the Arafura Sea in northern Australia
173,Gulf_of_Corinth Gulf_of_Lepanto,inlet of the Ionian Sea between central Greece and the Peloponnesus
174,Gulf_of_Finland,an eastern arm of the Baltic Sea; between Finland and Estonia
175,Gulf_of_Guinea,a gulf off the southwest coast of Africa
176,Gulf_of_Martaban,an arm of the Andaman Sea off southern Myanmar
177,Gulf_of_Mexico Golfo_de_Mexico,an arm of the Atlantic to the south of the United States and to the east of Mexico
178,Gulf_of_Ob Bay_of_Ob,an inlet of the Kara Sea in western Siberia
179,Gulf_of_Oman,an arm of the Arabian Sea connecting it with the Persian Gulf
180,Gulf_of_Riga,an inlet of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia
181,Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence Gulf_of_St._Lawrence,an arm of the northwest Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern coast of Canada
182,Gulf_of_Sidra,wide inlet of the Mediterranean Sea on the north coast of Libya
183,Gulf_of_Suez,a northwestern arm of the Red Sea linked to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal
184,Gulf_of_Tehuantepec,an arm of the Pacific in southern Mexico
185,Gulf_of_Thailand Gulf_of_Siam,an arm of the South China Sea between Indochina and the Malay Peninsula
186,Gulf_of_Venice,an arm of the Adriatic Sea
187,HMG-CoA_reductase 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme_A_reductase,a liver enzyme that is responsible for producing cholesterol
188,Haber_process Haber-Bosch_process,an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst
189,Hageman_factor factor_XII,coagulation factor whose deficiency results in prolongation of clotting time of venous blood
190,Hampton_Roads,a channel in southeastern Virginia through which the Elizabeth River and the James River flow into Chesapeake Bay
191,Hangzhou_Bay,a bay formed by an inlet of the East China Sea
192,Harlem_River,a channel separating Manhattan from the Bronx
193,Haversian_canal,any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
194,Hertzian_wave,a former name for a radio wave; an electromagnetic wave of radio frequency generated by oscillations in an electric circuit
195,Hottentot_bread Hottentot's_bread,thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot
196,Housatonic Housatonic_River,a river that rises in western Massachusetts and flows south through Connecticut to empty into Long Island Sound
197,Huang_He Hwang_Ho Yellow_River,a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta
198,Hudson Hudson_River,a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century
199,Hudson_Bay,an inland sea in northern Canada
200,Humber,an estuary in central northeastern England formed by the Ouse River and the Trent River
201,IJssel IJssel_river,a river in the central Netherlands flowing north to the IJsselmeer
202,IJsselmeer,a shallow lake in northwestern Netherlands created in 1932 by building a dam across the entrance to the Zuider Zee
203,Iguazu Iguazu_Falls Iguassu Iguassu_Falls Victoria_Falls,a large waterfall on the border between Argentina and Brazil
204,Illinois_River,a river in Illinois that flows southwest to the Mississippi River
205,Indian_Ocean,the 3rd largest ocean; bounded by Africa on the west, Asia on the north, Australia on the east and merging with the Antarctic Ocean to the south
206,Indigirka Indigirka_River,a river in far eastern Siberia that flows generally northward to the Arctic Ocean
207,Indus Indus_River,an Asian river that rises in Tibet and flows through northern India and then southwest through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea; "the valley of the Indus was the site of an early civilization"
208,Inland_Passage Inside_Passage,a naturally protected waterway from Seattle to Skagway in southeastern Alaska
209,Inland_Sea,an arm of the Pacific Ocean in southern Japan; surrounded by the islands of Honshu and Shikoku and Kyushu and linked to the Sea of Japan by a narrow channel; the chief port is Hiroshima
210,Ionian_Sea,an arm of the Mediterranean Sea between western Greece and southern Italy
211,Irish_Sea,an arm of the North Atlantic between Great Britain and Ireland
212,Irrawaddy Irrawaddy_River,the main river of Myanmar rising in the north and flowing south through the length of Burma to empty into the Andaman Sea
213,Irtish Irtish_River Irtysh Irtysh_River,an Asian river that rises in the Altai Mountains in northern China and flows generally northwest to become a tributary of the Ob River
214,Isere Isere_River,a river in southeastern France; a tributary of the Rhone
215,Jaffa_orange,sweet almost seedless orange of Israel
216,James James_River,a river in Virginia that flows east into Chesapeake Bay at Hampton Roads
217,James James_River,a river that rises in North Dakota and flows southward across South Dakota to the Missouri
218,James_Bay,the southern extension of Hudson Bay in Canada between western Quebec and northeastern Ontario
219,Japan_wax Japan_tallow,a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes
220,Jerusalem_artichoke,edible tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke
221,Job's_tears,hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads
222,Jonathan,red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw
223,Jordan Jordan_River,a river in Palestine that empties into the Dead Sea; John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the Jordan
224,Jordan_almond,an almond covered with a sugar coating that is hard and flavored and colored
225,Kanawha Kanawha_River,a tributary of the Ohio River in West Virginia
226,Kansas Kansas_River Kaw_River,a river in northeastern Kansas; flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River
227,Kara_Sea,part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Siberia and to the east of the Barents Sea; icebound most of the year
228,Kasai Kasai_River River_Kasai,a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo
229,Kattegatt,a strait of the North Sea between Jutland and Sweden; connects with the North Sea through the Skagerrak
230,Keuka_Lake Lake_Keuka,a glacial lake in central New York; one of the Finger Lakes
231,Kissimmee Kissimmee_River,a river of central Florida that flows southward to Lake Okeechobee
232,Kivu Lake_Kivu,a lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda
233,Klamath Klamath_River,a river flowing southwest from Oregon through northern California to the Pacific Ocean
234,Korea_Bay,an inlet of the Yellow Sea between the Liaodong Peninsula in China and western Korea
235,Korean_Strait Korea_Strait,a strait between Korea and Japan; connects the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan
236,Krebs_cycle Krebs_citric_acid_cycle citric_acid_cycle tricarboxylic_acid_cycle,in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy
237,Kura Kura_River,a river in western Asia; rises in northeast Turkey and flows to the Caspian Sea
238,Labrador_Sea,an arm of the northern Atlantic between Labrador and southern Greenland
239,Lake_Albert Lake_Albert_Nyanza Mobuto_Lake,a shallow lake on the border between Uganda and Congo in the Great Rift Valley
240,Lake_Aral Aral_Sea,a lake to the east of the Caspian Sea lying between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
241,Lake_Chad Chad,a lake in north central Africa; fed by the Shari river
242,Lake_Champlain Champlain,a lake in northeastern New York, northwestern Vermont and southern Quebec; site of many battles in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolution and in the War of 1812
243,Lake_Chelan,a narrow very deep lake in central Washington in the Cascade Range
244,Lake_Edward,a lake in the Great Rift Valley between Congo and Uganda
245,Lake_Erie Erie,the 4th largest of the Great Lakes; it is linked to the Hudson River by the New York State Barge Canal
246,Lake_Geneva Lake_Leman,a lake between southwestern Switzerland and France that is crossed from east to west by the Rhone
247,Lake_Huron Huron,the 2nd largest of the Great Lakes
248,Lake_Ilmen Ilmen,a lake in northwestern Russia; drains through the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga
249,Lake_Ladoga Ladoga,a lake in northwestern Russia to the north of St. Petersburg; the largest lake in Europe; drains through the Neva River into the Gulf of Finland
250,Lake_Mead,the largest reservoir in the United States; located in southeastern Nevada and northwestern Arizona and formed by the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River; the center of a recreational area
251,Lake_Michigan Michigan,the 3rd largest of the Great Lakes; the largest freshwater lake entirely within the United States borders
252,Lake_Nasser Nasser,lake in Egypt formed by dams built on the Nile River at Aswan
253,Lake_Nyasa Lake_Malawi,a long lake in southeastern Africa between Tanzania, Mozambique, and Malawi
254,Lake_Onega Onega,lake in northwestern Russia near the border with Finland; second largest lake in Europe
255,Lake_Ontario Ontario,the smallest of the Great Lakes
256,Lake_Powell,the second largest reservoir in the United States; located in southern Utah and north central Arizona and formed by the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River
257,Lake_St._Clair Lake_Saint_Clair,a lake between Ontario and Michigan; connected with Lake Huron and Lake Erie
258,Lake_Superior Superior,the largest freshwater lake in the world; the deepest of the Great Lakes
259,Lake_Tahoe,a lake on the border between Nevada and California to the west of Carson City; a popular resort area
260,Lake_Tana Lake_Tsana,a lake in northern Ethiopia; the largest lake in Ethiopia and the source of the Blue Nile
261,Lake_Tanganyika Tanganyika,the longest lake in the world in central Africa between Tanzania and Congo in the Great Rift Valley
262,Lake_Urmia Urmia Daryacheh-ye_Orumiyeh,a shallow saline lake in northwestern Iran between Tabriz and the western border of Turkey
263,Lake_Vanern Vanern,a lake in southwestern Sweden; the largest lake in Sweden
264,Lake_Victoria Victoria_Nyanza,the largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world; a headwaters reservoir for the Nile River
265,Lake_Volta,the Volta river in southeastern has been dammed to create one of the world's largest man-made lakes
266,Lamaze_method_of_childbirth Lamaze_method,a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth; the pregnant woman (in classes and at home) practices (usually with the help of a coach) and learns about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation, concentration, and breathing
267,Lane's_Prince_Albert,apple used primarily in cooking
268,Laptev_Sea,part of the Arctic Ocean to the north of Siberia (between the Taimyr Peninsula and the New Siberian Islands) that is icebound most of the year
269,Leboyer_method_of_childbirth Leboyer_method,a method of childbirth that tries to minimize the trauma for the newborn; delivery occurs in a quiet dimly lit room and the infant's head is not pulled and immediate bonding between mother and child is encouraged
270,Lehigh_River,a river in eastern Pennsylvania that flows southeast into the Delaware River
271,Lena Lena_River,a Russian river in Siberia; flows northward into the Laptev Sea
272,Lethe River_Lethe,(Greek mythology) a river in Hades; the souls of the dead had to drink from it, which made them forget all they had done and suffered when they were alive
273,Ligurian_Sea,an arm of the Mediterranean between northwest Italy and Corsica
274,Limpopo Crocodile_River,an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
275,Little_Bighorn Little_Bighorn_River Little_Horn,a river that flows from northern Wyoming into the Bighorn River in southern Montana; site of Custer's Last Stand
276,Little_Missouri Little_Missouri_River,a river that rises in northeastern Wyoming and flows through Montana and South Dakota to join the Missouri River in North Dakota
277,Little_Sioux_River,a river that rises in southwestern Minnesota and flows southwestward to the Missouri River in western Iowa
278,Little_Wabash Little_Wabash_River,a river in eastern Illinois that flows southeastward to the Wabash River
279,Loch_Achray,a lake in central Scotland
280,Loch_Linnhe,an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean on the western coast of Scotland
281,Loch_Ness,a lake in the Scottish highlands; the largest body of fresh water in Great Britain
282,Loire Loire_River,the longest French river; rises in the Massif Central and flows north and west to the Atlantic Ocean
283,Long_Island_Sound,a sound between Long Island and Connecticut
284,Lorentz_force,the force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field; "the Lorentz force can be used to suspend a current-carrying object between two magnets"
285,Mackenzie Mackenzie_River,a Canadian river; flows into the Beaufort Sea
286,Macoun,similar to McIntosh; juicy and late-ripening
287,Madeira Madeira_River,a Brazilian river; tributary of the Amazon River
288,Magdalena Magdalena_River,a river that rises in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia and flows generally northward to empty into the Caribbean Sea at Barranquilla
289,Marmara Sea_of_Marmara Marmara_Denizi Marmora Sea_of_Marmora,an inland sea in northwestern Turkey; linked to the Black Sea by the Bosporus and linked to the Aegean by the Dardanelles
290,Massachusetts_Bay,an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean off of eastern Massachusetts extending from Cape Ann on the north to Cape Cod on the south
291,McIntosh,early-ripening apple popular in the northeastern United States; primarily eaten raw but suitable for applesauce
292,Mediterranean Mediterranean_Sea,the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia
293,Meibomian_gland tarsal_gland,a long sebaceous gland that lubricates the eyelids; "bacterial infection of a Meibomian gland produces a stye"
294,Mekong Mekong_River,an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
295,Menai_Strait,a strait in northern Wales between Anglesey Island and the mainland
296,Merrimack Merrimack_River,a river that rises in south central New Hampshire and flows through Concord and Manchester into Massachusetts and empties into the Atlantic Ocean
297,Meuse Meuse_River,a European river; flows into the North Sea
298,Milk Milk_River,a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River
299,Minamata_Bay,a bay on the west coast of Kyushu; in the 1950s industrial wastes caused mercury poisoning among the Japanese people who ate fish from Minamata Bay
300,Mississippi Mississippi_River,a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico
301,Missouri Missouri_River,the longest river in the United States; arises in Montana and flows southeastward to become a tributary of the Mississippi at Saint Louis; "The Missouri and Mississippi Rivers together form the third longest river in the world"
302,Mobile Mobile_River,a river in southwestern Alabama; flows into Mobile Bay
303,Mobile_Bay,a bay of the Gulf of Mexico; fed by the Mobile River
304,Mohawk_River,a river of central New York that flows southeastward to the Hudson River
305,Monongahela Monongahela_River,a river that rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into Pennsylvania where it joins the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River
306,Monterey_Bay,an inlet of the Pacific Ocean in western California
307,Montgomery's_tubercle,one of the sebaceous glands on the areolae of the breast that lubricate the breast during breast-feeding
308,Moray_Firth,an inlet of the North Sea on the northeast coast of Scotland
309,Moreau_River,a river that rises in western South Dakota and flows eastward to the Missouri River
310,Moreton_Bay,an arm of the Tasman Sea forming a bay to the east of Brisbane
311,Mozambique_Channel,an arm of the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and southeastern Africa
312,Murray Murray_River,a southeast Australian river; flows westward and then south into the Indian Ocean at Adelaide
313,Murrumbidgee Murrumbidgee_River,a river of southeastern Australia; flows westward into the Murray River
314,Namoi Namoi_River,a river in southeastern Australia that flows generally northwest to join the Darling River
315,Nan Nan_River,a river of western Thailand flowing southward to join the Ping River to form the Chao Phraya
316,Narragansett_Bay,a deep inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in Rhode Island
317,Nazification,social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) Nazism; "as the process of Nazification spread they paid less attention to public opinion"
318,Neckar Neckar_River,a river in Germany; rises in the Black Forest and flows north into the Rhine
319,Neosho Neosho_River,a river that rises in eastern Kansas and flows eastward into Oklahoma to become a tributary of the Arkansas River
320,Neva Neva_River,a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally west into the Gulf of Finland
321,New_River,a river in the southeastern United States that flows northward from North Carolina to West Virginia where it empties into the Kanawha River
322,New_York_Bay,a bay of the North Atlantic; fed by the Hudson River
323,Newtown_Wonder,apple used primarily in cooking
324,Niagara Niagara_Falls,waterfall in Canada is the Horseshoe Falls; in the United States it is the American Falls
325,Niagara Niagara_River,a river flowing from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario; forms boundary between Ontario and New York
326,Niger Niger_River,an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
327,Nile Nile_River,the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
328,Niobrara Niobrara_River,a tributary of the Missouri River
329,Noah's_flood Noachian_deluge Noah_and_the_Flood the_Flood,(Biblical) the great deluge that is said in the Book of Genesis to have occurred in the time of Noah; it was brought by God upon the earth because of the wickedness of human beings
330,North_Atlantic,that part of the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the equator
331,North_Channel,a strait between Northern Ireland and Scotland that connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea
332,North_Pacific,that part of the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator
333,North_Platte North_Platte_River,a river that rises in northern Colorado and flows northward into Wyoming and then eastward and southeastward through Nebraska where it joins the South Platte to form the Platte River
334,North_Sea,an arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia; oil was discovered under the North Sea in 1970
335,Northern_Spy,large late-ripening apple with skin striped with yellow and red
336,Norwegian_Sea,the part of the Atlantic that lies off the Norwegian coast to the north of the North Sea
337,Ob Ob_River,a major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea
338,Oder Oder_River,a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea
339,Ohio Ohio_River,a river that is formed in western Pennsylvania and flows westward to become a tributary of the Mississippi River
340,Okeechobee Lake_Okeechobee,a lake in southeast Florida to the north of the Everglades
341,Orange Orange_River,a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean
342,Orinoco Orinoco_River,a South American river 1,500 miles long; flows into the South Atlantic
343,Orion Hunter,a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel
344,Osage Osage_River,a river in Missouri that is a tributary of the Missouri River
345,Osaka_Bay,a bay of the western Pacific in southern Honshu
346,Otaheite_arrowroot Otaheite_arrowroot_starch,a starch obtained from the root of the pia
347,Ouachita Ouachita_River,a river that rises in western Arkansas and flows southeast into eastern Louisiana to become a tributary of the Red River
348,Ouse Ouse_River,a river in northeastern England that flows generally southeastward to join the Trent River and form the Humber
349,Outaouais Ottawa Ottawa_river,a river in southeastern Canada that flows along the boundary between Quebec and Ontario to the Saint Lawrence River near Montreal
350,Pacific Pacific_Ocean,the largest ocean in the world
351,Para Para_River,an estuary in northern Brazil into which the Tocantins River flows
352,Parana Parana_River,a South American river; tributary of Rio de la Plata
353,Parnaiba Parnahiba,a river in northeastern Brazil that flows generally northward to the Atlantic Ocean
354,Paulo_Afonso Paulo_Afonso_Falls,a major waterfall in northeastern Brazil
355,Pearl_River,a river in Mississippi that flows southward to the Gulf of Mexico
356,Pearmain,any of several varieties of apples with red skins
357,Pecos Pecos_River,a tributary of the Rio Grande that flows southeastward from New Mexico through western Texas
358,Pee_Dee Pee_Dee_River,a river that flows through central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina to the Atlantic Ocean
359,Penobscot Penobscot_River,a river in central Maine flowing into Penobscot Bay
360,Penobscot_Bay,an inlet of the Atlantic in eastern Maine
361,Persian_Gulf Arabian_Gulf,a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world
362,Persian_melon,the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large green melon with orange flesh
363,Peyer's_patch Peter's_gland,any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon
364,Ping Ping_River,a river in western Thailand; a major tributary of the Chao Phraya
365,Pippin,any of numerous superior eating apples with yellow or greenish yellow skin flushed with red
366,Platte Platte_River,a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River
367,Plymouth_Rock,a boulder in Plymouth supposed to be where the Pilgrims disembarked from the Mayflower
368,Po Po_River,a European river; flows into the Adriatic Sea
369,Potomac Potomac_River,a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay
370,Poyang,a lake in central China that is connected to the Chang Jiang by a canal
371,Prima,used primarily as eating apples
372,Prudhoe_Bay,a bay on the northern coast of Alaska where oil was discovered in 1968
373,Puget_Sound,an inlet of the North Pacific in northwestern Washington State
374,Purkinje_fiber,a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network
375,Purkinje_network Purkinje's_tissue Purkinje's_system,a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract
376,Purus Purus_River,a Brazilian river; tributary of the Amazon River
377,Queen_Charlotte_Sound,an inlet of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia
378,Rappahannock Rappahannock_River,a river that flows across eastern Virginia into the Tidewater region
379,Read_method_of_childbirth Read_method,a method of natural childbirth that assumes it is a normal process and that the pain is largely psychological; involves education and breathing exercises to foster relaxation and other exercises
380,Red Red_River,a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows eastward from Texas along the southern boundary of Oklahoma and through Louisiana
381,Red_Delicious,a sweet eating apple with bright red skin; most widely grown apple worldwide
382,Red_Sea,a long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal
383,Republican Republican_River,a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas
384,Rh_antibody,rhesus factor antibody
385,Rhine Rhine_River Rhein,a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
386,Rhone Rhone_River,a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles; "the valley of the Rhone is famous for its vineyards"
387,Rio_Grande Rio_Bravo,a North American river; boundary between the United States and Mexico; flows into Gulf of Mexico
388,Rio_de_la_Plata La_Plata Plata_River,an estuary between Argentina and Uruguay
389,Riss_glaciation,the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in the Alps and the deposits laid down at that time
390,Roman_nose hooknose,a nose with a prominent slightly aquiline bridge
391,Rome_Beauty,large red apple used primarily for baking
392,Ross_Sea,an arm of the southern Pacific Ocean in Antarctica
393,Ruhr Ruhr_River,a tributary of the Rhine
394,Russian_River,a river in northern California
395,Saale Saale_River,a river that rises in central Germany and flows north to join the Elbe River
396,Saale_glaciation,the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in northern Europe and the deposits laid down at that time
397,Sabine Sabine_River,a river in eastern Texas that flows south into the Gulf of Mexico
398,Sacramento_River,a river in northern California rising near Mount Shasta and flowing south to the San Francisco Bay
399,Saint_Francis Saint_Francis_River St._Francis St._Francis_River,a tributary of the Mississippi River that rises in Missouri and flows southeastward through Arkansas
400,Saint_John Saint_John_River St._John St._John_River,a river that rises in Maine and flows northeastward through New Brunswick to empty into the Bay of Fundy
401,Saint_Johns Saint_Johns_River St._Johns St._Johns_River,a river in northeastern Florida that flows northward to Jacksonville and then eastward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean
402,Saint_Lawrence Saint_Lawrence_River St._Lawrence St._Lawrence_River,a North American river; flows into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the North Atlantic
403,Salmon Salmon_River,a tributary of the Snake River in Idaho
404,Salton_Sea,a saltwater lake in southeastern California
405,Sambre Sambre_River,a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Meuse at Namur
406,San_Diego_Bay,a bay of the Pacific in southern California
407,San_Francisco_Bay,a bay of the Pacific in western California
408,San_Joaquin_River,a river in central California that rises in the Sierra Nevada and flows northwest to form a large delta with the Sacramento River
409,Santa_Ana,a strong hot dry wind that blows in winter from the deserts of southern California toward the Pacific Coast
410,Sao_Francisco,a river in eastern Brazil flowing into the Atlantic Ocean
411,Saone Saone_River,a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone
412,Sargasso_Sea,a vast area of the North Atlantic from the West Indies to the Azores that is dense with gulfweed
413,Saronic_Gulf Gulf_of_Aegina,a gulf of the Aegean on the southeastern coast of Greece
414,Savannah Savannah_River,a river in South Carolina that flows southeast to the Atlantic
415,Scheldt Scheldt_River,a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea
416,Sea_of_Azov Sea_of_Azof Sea_of_Azoff,a bay of the Black Sea between Russia and the Ukraine
417,Sea_of_Japan East_Sea,an arm of the Pacific bordered by Japan, Korea, North Korea, and Russia
418,Sea_of_Okhotsk,an arm of the Pacific to the east of Asia
419,Seine Seine_River,a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel
420,Seneca_Lake Lake_Seneca,a glacial lake in central New York; the largest of the Finger Lakes
421,Sete_Quedas Guaira Guaira_Falls,a great waterfall on the border between Brazil and Paraguay
422,Severn River_Severn Severn_River,a river in England and Wales flowing into the Bristol Channel; the longest river in Great Britain
423,Severn Severn_River,a river in Ontario that flows northeast into Hudson Bay
424,Seyhan Seyhan_River,a Turkish river flowing south southwest into the Mediterranean
425,Shari Shari_River Chari Chari_River,an African river that flows northwest into Lake Chad
426,Shenandoah_River,a river of northern Virginia that empties into the Potomac at Harpers Ferry
427,Skagerrak Skagerak,a broad strait of the North Sea between Jutland and Norway
428,Snake Snake_River,a tributary of the Columbia River that rises in Wyoming and flows westward; discovered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
429,Solent,a strait of the English Channel between the coast of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight
430,Solvay_process,an industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
431,Solway_Firth,a large firth on the west coast of Britain between England and Scotland
432,South_Atlantic,that part of the Atlantic Ocean to the south of the equator
433,South_China_Sea,a tropical arm of the Pacific Ocean near southeastern Asia subject to frequent typhoons
434,South_Pacific,that part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator
435,South_Platte South_Platte_River,a tributary of the Platte River
436,South_Sea,any sea to the south of the equator (but especially the South Pacific)
437,Stalinization Stalinisation,social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) the policies and practices of Joseph Stalin; "many Hungarians refused to take part in the Stalinization of their country"
438,Stayman,apple grown chiefly in the Shenandoah Valley
439,Stayman_Winesap,crisp tart apple; good for eating raw and suitable for cooking
440,Strait_of_Dover Strait_of_Calais Pas_de_Calais,the strait between the English Channel and the North Sea; shortest distance between England and the European continent
441,Strait_of_Georgia,the strait separating Vancouver Island from the Canadian mainland
442,Strait_of_Gibraltar,the strait between Spain and Africa
443,Strait_of_Hormuz Strait_of_Ormuz,a strategically important strait linking the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman
444,Strait_of_Magellan,the strait separating South America from Tierra del Fuego and other islands to the south of the continent; discovered by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520; an important route around South America before the Panama Canal was built
445,Strait_of_Malacca,the strait between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra; it connects the Pacific Ocean to the east with the Indian Ocean to the west and is an important shipping lane
446,Strait_of_Messina,the strait separating Sicily from the tip of Italy
447,Styx River_Styx,(Greek mythology) a river in Hades across which Charon carried dead souls
448,Sun_River,a river in western Montana that flows south and east to join the Missouri River
449,Suriname_River Surinam_River,a river in Suriname that flows northward to the Atlantic
450,Susquehanna Susquehanna_River,a river in the northeastern United States that rises in New York and flows southward through Pennsylvania and Maryland into Chesapeake Bay
451,Tagus Tagus_River,a European river; flows into the North Atlantic
452,Takakkaw,a waterfall in southeastern British Columbia; the highest waterfall in Canada (1250 feet high)
453,Tallapoosa Tallapoosa_River,river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through central Alabama to join the Coosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River
454,Tampa_Bay,an arm of the Gulf of Mexico in west central Florida
455,Tasman_Sea,an arm of the southern Pacific Ocean between southeastern Australia and New Zealand
456,Tennessee Tennessee_River,a river formed by the confluence of two other rivers near Knoxville; it follows a U-shaped course to become a tributary of the Ohio River in western Kentucky
457,Thames River_Thames Thames_River,the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea
458,Thompson_Seedless,seedless green table grape of California
459,Tiber Tevere,a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea
460,Tigris Tigris_River,an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
461,Timor_Sea,an arm of the eastern Indian Ocean between Timor and northern Australia
462,Tocantins Tocantins_River,a river in eastern Brazil that flows generally north to the Para River
463,Tokay,variety of wine grape originally grown in Hungary; the prototype of vinifera grapes
464,Tombigbee Tombigbee_River,a river that rises in northeastern Mississippi and flows southward through western Alabama to join the Alabama River and form the Mobile River
465,Torres_Strait,a strait between northeastern Australia and southern New Guinea that connects the Coral Sea with the Arafura Sea
466,Trent River_Trent Trent_River,a river in central England that flows generally northeastward to join with the Ouse River and form the Humber
467,Trinity_River,a river in eastern Texas that is formed near Dallas and flows generally southeastward to Galveston Bay
468,Trondheim_Fjord Trondheim_Fiord,a long narrow inlet of the Norwegian Sea
469,Tugela Tugela_Falls,a major waterfall in southern Africa; has more than one leap
470,Tunguska Lower_Tunguska,a river that arises to the north of Lake Baikal and flows north and west to the Yenisei River
471,Tunguska Stony_Tunguska,a river in Siberia that flows northwest to become a tributary of the Yenisei River
472,Twin Twin_Falls,a waterfall in the Snake River in southern Idaho
473,Tyndall_effect,the phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible; the scattered light is mainly blue
474,Tyne River_Tyne Tyne_River,a river in northern England that flows east to the North Sea
475,Tyrrhenian_Sea,an arm of the Mediterranean between Italy and the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and Sicily
476,United_States_waters U.S._waters,territorial waters included within a distance of 12 nautical miles of the coasts of the United States and its territories; "ships operating in United States waters must adhere to United States laws and regulations"
477,Urubupunga Urubupunga_Falls,a waterfall in the Parana river in Brazil
478,Uruguay_River,a South American river that arises in southern Brazil and flows south to the Rio de la Plata; the northern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Brazil and the southern section forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay
479,Valencia_orange,variety of sweet orange cultivated extensively in Florida and California
480,Verrazano_Narrows,a narrow channel of water separating Staten Island and Brooklyn
481,Vetluga Vetluga_River,a river in central Russia; flows generally southward into the Volga
482,Victoria Victoria_Falls,a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
483,Victoria_plum,a large red plum served as dessert
484,Vistula Vistula_River,a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea
485,Volga Volga_River,a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea
486,Volkhov Volkhov_River,a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally north into Lake Ladoga
487,Volta,a river in Ghana that flows south to the Bight of Benin
488,Wabash Wabash_River,a tributary of the Ohio River that rises in western Ohio and flows southwestward across Indiana
489,Weddell_Sea,an arm of the south Atlantic in Antarctica to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula
490,Wernicke's_area Wernicke's_center,the auditory word center; located in the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution in most people
491,Weser Weser_River,a river in northwestern Germany that flows northward to the North Sea near Bremerhaven
492,Westernization Westernisation,assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization
493,White White_River,a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri
494,White_Nile,a headstream of the Nile; joins the Blue Nile at Khartoum to form the Nile
495,White_Sea,a large inlet of the Barents Sea in the northwestern part of European Russia
496,Willamette Willamette_River,a river in western Oregon that flows north into the Columbia River near Portland
497,Windward_Passage,a channel between eastern Cuba and western Haiti that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea
498,Winesap,crisp apple with dark red skin
499,Winnipeg Lake_Winnipeg,a lake in southern Canada in Manitoba
500,Wisconsin Wisconsin_River,a tributary of the Mississippi River in Wisconsin
501,Wolstonian_glaciation,the next-to-last Pleistocene glaciation in Britain and the deposits laid down at that time
502,Wormian_bone sutural_bone,any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones
503,X-ray_diffraction,the scattering of X rays by the atoms of a crystal; the diffraction pattern shows structure of the crystal
504,X_ray X-ray X-radiation roentgen_ray,electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target
505,Yalu Yalu_River,river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)
506,Yazoo Yazoo_River,a river that rises in west central Mississippi and flows southwest to empty into the Mississippi River above Vicksburg
507,Yellow_Sea Huang_Hai,part of the Pacific off the east coast of Asia
508,Yellowstone Yellowstone_River,a tributary of the Missouri River that flows through the Yellowstone National Park
509,Yenisei Yenisei_River Yenisey Yenisey_River,a Russian river in Siberia; rises in mountains near the Mongolian border and flows generally northward into the Kara Sea
510,Yosemite Yosemite_Falls,a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year
511,Yukon Yukon_River,a North American river that flows westward from the Yukon Territory through central Alaska to the Bering Sea
512,Zambezi Zambezi_River,an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
513,Zhu_Jiang Canton_River Chu_Kiang Pearl_River,a river in southeast China that flows into the South China Sea
514,Zuider_Zee,a former inlet of the North Sea in the northern coast of the Netherlands; sealed off from the sea in 1932 by a dam that created the IJsselmeer
515,abdomen venter stomach belly,the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
516,abdominal abdominal_muscle ab,the muscles of the abdomen
517,abdominal_aorta,a branch of the descending aorta
518,abdominal_breathing,breathing in which most of the respiratory effort is done by the abdominal muscles; "abdominal breathing is practiced by singers"
519,abdominal_cavity abdomen,the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm
520,abducens_muscle lateral_rectus_muscle lateral_rectus rectus_lateralis,the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball outward
521,abducent abducent_nerve abducens abducens_nerve nervus_abducens sixth_cranial_nerve,a small motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
522,abductor abductor_muscle,a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line
523,aberration distortion optical_aberration,an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image
524,abiogenesis autogenesis autogeny spontaneous_generation,a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter
525,ablactation,the cessation of lactation
526,ablation,the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
527,abomasum fourth_stomach,the fourth compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the one where digestion takes place
528,abrasion attrition corrasion detrition,erosion by friction
529,abscission,shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant
530,absorption,(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; "the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules"
531,absorption soaking_up,(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid
532,absorption_band,a dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths
533,acanthion,the craniometric point at the anterior extremity of the intermaxillary suture
534,access memory_access,(computer science) the operation of reading or writing stored information
535,accession,a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group); "the art collection grew through accession"
536,accessory_cephalic_vein vena_cephalica_accessoria,a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow
537,accessory_hemiazygos_vein accessory_hemiazygous_vein vena_hemiazygos_accessoria,a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein
538,accessory_nerve spinal_accessory nervus_accessorius eleventh_cranial_nerve,arises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the nerve
539,accessory_vertebral_vein vena_vertebralis_accessoria,a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein
540,acclimatization acclimatisation acclimation,adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)
541,accommodation_reflex,reflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina
542,accompanying_vein vena_comitans,a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return
543,accretion,(astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases
544,accretion,(biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles
545,accretion,(geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment
546,accretion accumulation,an increase by natural growth or addition
547,acerola barbados_cherry surinam_cherry West_Indian_cherry,acid red or yellow cherry-like fruit of a tropical American shrub very rich in vitamin C
548,acetabulum cotyloid_cavity,the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
549,acetyl acetyl_group acetyl_radical ethanoyl_group ethanoyl_radical,the organic group of acetic acid (CH3CO-)
550,acetylation,the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound; "the acetylation of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin"
551,achene,small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall
552,achondrite,a stony meteor lacking chondrules
553,acicula,a needlelike part or structure of a plant or animal or crystal; as a spine or bristle or crystal
554,acid-base_equilibrium acid-base_balance,(physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body; "with a normal acid-base balance in the body the blood is slightly alkaline"
555,acidification,the process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid
556,acinus,one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry
557,acinus,one of the small sacs or saclike dilations in a compound gland
558,ackee akee,red pear-shaped tropical fruit with poisonous seeds; flesh is poisonous when unripe or overripe
559,acorn,fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base
560,acoustic_nerve auditory_nerve vestibulocochlear_nerve nervus_vestibulocochlearis eighth_cranial_nerve,a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea
561,acoustic_phenomenon,a physical phenomenon associated with the production or transmission of sound
562,acoustic_radiation_pressure,(acoustics) the pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a sound wave
563,acoustic_resistance acoustic_impedance acoustic_reactance,opposition to the flow of sound through a surface; acoustic resistance is the real component of acoustic impedance and acoustic reactance is the imaginary component
564,acromion acromial_process,the outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade
565,acrosome,a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg
566,actin,one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form
567,actinic_radiation actinic_ray,electromagnetic radiation that can produce photochemical reactions
568,activation,stimulation of activity in an organism or chemical
569,activation_energy energy_of_activation,the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; "catalysts are said to reduce the energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
570,active_birth,childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be an active participant
571,active_transport,transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy
572,actomyosin,a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions
573,aculea,small spiny outgrowth on the wings of certain insects
574,aculeus,a sharp-pointed process especially a sting of a hymenopterous insect
575,aculeus,a stiff sharp-pointed plant process
576,acumen,a tapering point
577,acyl acyl_group,any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group; "an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group"
578,acylation,the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
579,adaptation adaption adjustment,the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)
580,adaptive_radiation,the development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches
581,addition_reaction,a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another
582,adductor adductor_muscle,a muscle that draws a body part toward the median line
583,adenosine_deaminase ADA,an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia; "ADA deficiency can lead to one form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease"; "the gene encoding ADA was one of the earlier human genes to be isolated and cloned for study"
584,adhesion,a fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures
585,adiabatic_process,(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat
586,adipose_tissue fat fatty_tissue,a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs; "fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold"
587,adjunct,something added to another thing but not an essential part of it
588,administrative_data_processing business_data_processing,data processing in accounting or business management
589,adnexa annexa,accessory or adjoining anatomical parts or appendages to an organ (especially of the embryo); "Fallopian tubes and ovaries are adnexa of the uterus"
590,adrenal_cortex,the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones
591,adrenal_gland adrenal suprarenal_gland,either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney
592,adrenal_medulla,the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine
593,adsorption surface_assimilation,the accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid
594,adultery criminal_conversation fornication,extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations; "adultery is often cited as grounds for divorce"
595,advection,(meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties
596,adventitious_root,root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
597,aeration,the process of exposing to air (so as to purify); "the aeration of the soil"
598,aerobiosis,life sustained in the presence of air or oxygen
599,aerodynamic_force,forces acting on airfoils in motion relative to the air (or other gaseous fluids)
600,aerodynamic_lift lift,the component of the aerodynamic forces acting on an airfoil that opposes gravity
601,aerophagia,swallowing air (usually followed by belching and discomfort and flatulence)
602,aerosol,a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas
603,affinity,(immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody
604,affinity chemical_attraction,the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule; "basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk"
605,afterbirth,the placenta and fetal membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the baby is born
606,aftereffect,any result that follows its cause after an interval
607,afterglow,a glow sometimes seen in the sky after sunset
608,aftermath wake backwash,the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event); "the aftermath of war"; "in the wake of the accident no one knew how many had been injured"
609,aftershock,a tremor (or one of a series of tremors) occurring after the main shock of an earthquake
610,age-related_macular_degeneration AMD,macular degeneration that is age-related
611,agenesis agenesia,imperfect development; nondevelopment of a part
612,agglutination,a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)
613,agglutination,the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining
614,agglutination agglutinating_activity,the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated
615,agglutinin,an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen
616,aggregate_fruit multiple_fruit syncarp,fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
617,aging ageing senescence,the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age
618,agonist,a muscle that contracts while another relaxes; "when bending the elbow the biceps are the agonist"
619,air_bladder swim_bladder float,an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy
620,air_mass,a large body of air with uniform characteristics horizontally
621,air_pocket pocket air_hole,a local region of low pressure or descending air that causes a plane to lose height suddenly
622,air_sac,any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds
623,air_sac,any of the thin-walled extensions of the tracheae of insects
624,airstream,a relatively well-defined prevailing wind
625,ala,a flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism; "the alae of the nose"; "the alae of a maple seed"; "the flat petals of a pea blossom are alae"
626,ala,a wing of an insect
627,albuginea,whitish tunic
628,albumin albumen,a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids
629,alcohol_group alcohol_radical,the chemical group -OH
630,aldehyde_group aldehyde_radical,the chemical group -CHO
631,aldohexose,a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group
632,aldol_reaction,a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol
633,aldose,a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal
634,aleurone,granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains
635,algarroba algarrobilla algarobilla,mesquite pod used in tanning and dyeing
636,alimentary_canal alimentary_tract digestive_tube digestive_tract gastrointestinal_tract GI_tract,tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination
637,alimentary_tract_smear,any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the alimentary tract; obtained by specialized lavage techniques and used mainly to diagnose cancer in those parts
638,alkyl alkyl_group alkyl_radical,any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons
639,allantois,the vascular fetal membrane that lies below the chorion and develops from the hindgut in many embryonic higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
640,allotropy allotropism,the phenomenon of an element existing in two or more physical forms
641,alluvial_fan alluvial_cone,a fan-shaped deposit where a fast flowing stream flattens out
642,alluvion,gradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment
643,allyl allyl_group allyl_radical,the univalent unsaturated organic radical C3H5; derived from propylene
644,almond,oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree
645,almond_oil expressed_almond_oil sweet_almond_oil,pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds
646,alpha_decay,radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus that is accompanied by the emission of an alpha particle
647,alpha_globulin,a globulin in blood plasma or serum that is alkaline and has great electrophoretic mobility
648,alpha_radiation alpha_ray,the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay
649,alpha_receptor alpha-adrenergic_receptor alpha-adrenoceptor,receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
650,alpha_rhythm alpha_wave,the normal brainwave in the electroencephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed; occurs with a frequency of 8-12 hertz
651,alternating_current AC alternating_electric_current,an electric current that reverses direction sinusoidally; "In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second"
652,alternation_of_generations heterogenesis xenogenesis,the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal
653,alternative_birth alternative_birthing,a method of childbirth that avoids intrusive high-tech medicine in favor of more natural and homely settings
654,alternative_energy,energy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment
655,altocumulus altocumulus_cloud,a cumulus cloud at an intermediate altitude of 2 or 3 miles
656,altostratus altostratus_cloud,a stratus cloud at an intermediate altitude of 2 or 3 miles
657,alveolar_arch,the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set
658,alveolar_artery arteria_alveolaris,a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
659,alveolar_bed,lung tissue densely packed with alveoli
660,alveolar_ridge gum_ridge alveolar_process,a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
661,alveolus air_sac air_cell,a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways
662,amaranth,seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America
663,amarelle,pale red sour cherry with colorless or nearly colorless juice
664,ambulacrum,one of the five areas on the undersurface of an echinoderm on which the tube feet are located
665,amelogenesis,the developmental process of forming tooth enamel
666,amino amino_group,the radical -NH2
667,aminomethane,a methyl with the hydrogen atom replaced by an amino radical
668,amitosis,the direct method of cell division characterized by simple division of the nucleus without formation of chromosomes
669,ammonification,impregnation with ammonia or a compound of ammonia
670,amnion amniotic_sac amnios,thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
671,amniotic_cavity,the fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the developing embryo
672,amperage,the strength of an electrical current measured in amperes
673,amphitropous_ovule,a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk
674,ampulla,the dilated portion of a canal or duct especially of the semicircular canals of the ear
675,amygdala amygdaloid_nucleus corpus_amygdaloideum,an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
676,amyl,a hydrocarbon radical that occurs in many organic compounds
677,amylase,any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
678,amyloid,(pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue
679,amyloid,a non-nitrogenous food substance consisting chiefly of starch; any substance resembling starch
680,amylolysis,conversion of starch to sugar
681,anabolism constructive_metabolism,the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy
682,anaglyphy,the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens
683,anal_sphincter sphincter_ani musculus_sphincter_ani,the sphincter muscle of the anus
684,anamnestic_response anamnestic_reaction,renewed rapid production of an antibody on the second (or subsequent) encounter with the same antigen
685,anamorphism,metamorphism that occurs deep under the earth's surface; changes simple minerals into complex minerals
686,anamorphosis anamorphism,the evolution of one type of organism from another by a long series of gradual changes
687,anastalsis,muscular action of the alimentary tract in a direction opposite to peristalsis
688,anastomotic_vein vena_anastomotica,either of two communicating veins serving the brain
689,anatropous_ovule,a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk
690,anchovy_pear river_pear,West Indian fruit resembling the mango; often pickled
691,anconeous_muscle musculus_anconeus,the muscle that extends the forearm and abducts the ulna in pronation of the wrist
692,androecium,a male gametoecium
693,androgenesis androgeny,male parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only paternal chromosomes due to the failure of the egg nucleus to participate in fertilization
694,angiogenesis,the formation of new blood vessels
695,angiotensin_converting_enzyme angiotensin-converting_enzyme ACE,proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
696,angular_artery arteria_angularis,the terminal branch of the facial artery
697,angular_vein vena_angularis,a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein
698,animal_fat,any fat obtained from animals; "animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids"
699,animal_foot foot,the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings
700,animal_leg,the leg of an animal
701,animal_oil,any oil obtained from animal substances
702,animal_tissue,the tissue in the bodies of animals
703,anisogamy,(biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size)
704,anjou,a pear with firm flesh and a green skin
705,ankle ankle_joint mortise_joint articulatio_talocruralis,a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus
706,anklebone astragal astragalus talus,the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
707,annual_ring growth_ring,an annual formation of wood in plants as they grow
708,anovulation,the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary
709,answer,a nonverbal reaction; "his answer to any problem was to get drunk"; "their answer was to sue me"
710,antagonist,a muscle that relaxes while another contracts; "when bending the elbow the triceps are the antagonist"
711,antagonistic_muscle,(physiology) a muscle that opposes the action of another; "the biceps and triceps are antagonistic muscles"
712,antenna feeler,one of a pair of mobile appendages on the head of e.g. insects and crustaceans; typically sensitive to touch and taste
713,anterior_cardinal_vein,a major drainage channel from the cephalic part of the body
714,anterior_cerebral_artery,one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into two branches that serve (1) the thalamus and (2) parts of the frontal and parietal cortex
715,anterior_cerebral_vein vena_cerebri_anterior,accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein
716,anterior_facial_vein vena_facialis_anterior,a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein
717,anterior_fontanelle,corresponds to the bregma when bones have ossified
718,anterior_jugular_vein,arises below the chin from veins draining the lower face; joins the external jugular vein
719,anterior_meningeal_artery,branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery that supplies meninges in the anterior cranial fossa
720,anterior_pituitary anterior_pituitary_gland adenohypophysis,the anterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature
721,anterior_serratus_muscle serratus_anterior musculus_serratus_anterior serratus_magnus,muscles that rotate the scapula and elevate the rib cage
722,anterior_temporal_artery arteria_temporalis_anterior,temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
723,anterior_vertebral_vein vena_vertebralis_anterior,a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein
724,antheridiophore,gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts
725,anthropogenesis anthropogeny,the evolution or genesis of the human race
726,antibody,any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
727,anticyclone,(meteorology) winds spiraling outward from a high pressure center; circling clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern
728,antiferromagnetism,magnetic field creates parallel but opposing spins; varies with temperature
729,antihemophilic_factor antihaemophilic_factor antihemophilic_globulin antihaemophilic_globulin factor_VIII Hemofil,a coagulation factor (trade name Hemofil) whose absence is associated with hemophilia A
730,antiredeposition,the process of preventing redeposition
731,antisepsis asepsis,the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
732,antitoxin,an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin
733,antitrade_wind antitrade,winds blowing from west to east and lying above the trade winds in the tropics
734,antitrades,wind in the upper atmosphere blowing above but in the opposite direction from the trade winds
735,antivenin antivenene,an antitoxin that counteracts the effects of venom from the bite of a snake or insect or other animal
736,antler,deciduous horn of a member of the deer family
737,antrum,a natural cavity or hollow in a bone
738,anus,the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal
739,aorta,the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
740,aortic_arch,the part of the aorta that arches and turns downward
741,aortic_orifice,the orifice from the lower left chamber of the heart to the aorta
742,aortic_plexus,a plexus of lymph nodes in the lower portion of the abdominal aorta
743,aortic_valve,a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart
744,aphaeresis apheresis,(linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in `coon' for `raccoon' or `till' for `until'
745,aphesis,the gradual disappearance of an initial (usually unstressed) vowel or syllable as in `squire' for `esquire'
746,apical_placentation,where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary
747,apocrine_gland,a large sweat gland that produces both a fluid and an apocrine secretion; in human beings located in hairy regions of the body
748,apodeme,ridge-like ingrowth of the exoskeleton of an arthropod that supports internal organs and provides attachment points for muscles
749,apoenzyme,a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme
750,apogamy,(botany) development of an embryo without fertilization; especially the development in some ferns of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization
751,apomixis,any of several kinds of reproduction without fertilization
752,aponeurosis,any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons
753,apophysis,(anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or body part such as the process of a vertebra
754,apophysis,(botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers
755,apoptosis programmed_cell_death caspase-mediated_cell_death,a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival
756,apparatus,(anatomy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given function; "the breathing apparatus"
757,apparent_motion motion apparent_movement movement,an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object; "the cinema relies on apparent motion"; "the succession of flashing lights gave an illusion of movement"
758,appendicular_artery arteria_appendicularis,the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix
759,appendicular_skeleton,the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs
760,appendicular_vein vena_appendicularis,a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein
761,appendix vermiform_appendix vermiform_process cecal_appendage,a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch
762,apple,fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
763,apposition,(biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material
764,apricot,downy yellow to rosy-colored fruit resembling a small peach
765,arachnoid arachnoid_membrane,the middle of the 3 meninges
766,arch,a curved bony structure supporting or enclosing organs (especially the inner sides of the feet)
767,archenteron,central cavity of the gastrula; becomes the intestinal or digestive cavity
768,archipallium paleocortex,the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum
769,arcuate_artery arteria_arcuata,curved artery in the foot
770,arcuate_artery_of_the_kidney,curved arteries of the kidney
771,arcuate_vein_of_the_kidney vena_arcuata_renis,veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules
772,arcus arcus_senilis,a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea
773,area region,a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region"
774,area_of_cardiac_dullness,a triangular area of the front of the chest (determined by percussion); corresponds to the part of the heart not covered by the lungs
775,areola,small space in a tissue or body part such as the area between veins on a leaf or an insect's wing
776,areola ring_of_color,small circular area such as that around the human nipple or an inflamed area around a pimple or insect bite
777,areolar_tissue,fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net
778,arista,bristlelike process near the tip of the antenna of certain flies
779,arm,a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb
780,arm_bone,a bone in the arm
781,armpit axilla axillary_cavity axillary_fossa,the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; "they were up to their armpits in water"
782,arrowroot,a nutritive starch obtained from the root of the arrowroot plant
783,arse arsehole asshole bunghole,vulgar slang for anus
784,arterial_pressure,the pressure of the circulating blood on the arteries; "arterial pressure is the product of cardiac output and vascular resistance"
785,arteriole arteriola capillary_artery,one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries
786,artery arteria arterial_blood_vessel,a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
787,artery_of_the_penis_bulb arteria_bulbi_penis,a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis
788,artery_of_the_vestibule_bulb arteria_bulbi_vestibuli,a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule
789,arthromere,any of the segments in the body of a jointed animal like an arthropod
790,articular_muscle,a muscle that inserts directly onto the capsule of a joint
791,articulator,a movable speech organ
792,articulatory_system,the system of joints in the body
793,artificial_insemination AI,the introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse
794,artificial_respiration,an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially
795,arum,starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root
796,arytenoid arytaenoid arytenoid_cartilage,either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached
797,ascending_aorta,the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle
798,ascending_artery arteria_ascendens,the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon
799,ascending_colon,the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon
800,asexual_reproduction agamogenesis,reproduction without the fusion of gametes
801,ash-key,winged seed of the ash tree
802,assibilation,the development of a consonant phoneme into a sibilant
803,assimilation,a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound
804,assimilation absorption,the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
805,assimilation absorption,the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
806,association,(chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding
807,association_area association_cortex,cortical areas that are neither motor or sensory but are thought to be involved in higher processing of information
808,assortative_mating,mating of individuals having more traits in common than likely in random mating
809,aster,star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis
810,asterion,the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture
811,astroglia macroglia,tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cells
812,asynchronous_operation,operations that occur without a regular or predictable time relation to other events
813,atheroma,a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery; can obstruct blood flow
814,athlete's_heart,enlarged heart commonly found among athletes trained for endurance
815,atlas atlas_vertebra,the 1st cervical vertebra
816,atmosphere atmospheric_state,the weather or climate at some place; "the atmosphere was thick with fog"
817,atmospheric_electricity,electrical discharges in the atmosphere
818,atmospheric_phenomenon,a physical phenomenon associated with the atmosphere
819,atmospheric_pressure air_pressure pressure,the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
820,atomic_energy nuclear_energy,the energy released by a nuclear reaction
821,atomic_power nuclear_power,nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use)
822,atrial_artery,the branch of the coronary artery that supplies the muscles of the atria
823,atrioventricular_bundle bundle_of_His atrioventricular_trunk truncus_atrioventricularis,a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
824,atrioventricular_node,a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle
825,atrioventricular_valve,either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium
826,atrium,any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart)
827,atrium_cordis atrium_of_the_heart,the upper chamber of each half of the heart
828,attack,the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent); "the film was sensitive to attack by acids"; "open to attack by the elements"
829,attar atar athar ottar,essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers
830,attar_of_roses rose_oil,a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation
831,attic bean bonce noodle noggin dome,informal terms for a human head
832,attraction attractive_force,the force by which one object attracts another
833,auditory_apparatus,all of the components of the organ of hearing including the outer and middle and inner ears
834,auditory_area auditory_cortex,the cortical area that receives auditory information from the medial geniculate body
835,auditory_center,the part of the brain (in a fold of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain) that receives impulses from the ear by way of the auditory nerve
836,auditory_meatus acoustic_meatus ear_canal auditory_canal external_auditory_canal,either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
837,auditory_ossicle,ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
838,auditory_system,the sensory system for hearing
839,aureole corona,the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse
840,auricle atrial_auricle auricula_atrii,a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart
841,auricle pinna ear,the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear
842,auricula auricular_appendage auricular_appendix,a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart
843,auricular_artery arteria_auricularis,artery that supplies blood to the ear
844,auricular_vein vena_auricularis,one of two veins serving the ear region
845,auriculare auricular_point,the craniometric point at the center of the opening of the external acoustic meatus
846,aurora,an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force
847,aurora_australis southern_lights,the aurora of the southern hemisphere
848,aurora_borealis northern_lights,the aurora of the northern hemisphere
849,autoantibody,an antibody acting against tissues of the organism that produces it
850,autocatalysis,catalysis in which the catalyst is one of the products of the reaction
851,autoeroticism autoerotism,using you own body as a sexual object
852,autofluorescence,self-induced fluorescence
853,autograft autoplasty,tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person; "skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms"
854,autolysis self-digestion,lysis of plant or animal tissue by an internal process
855,automatic_data_processing ADP,data processing by a computer
856,automatism,any reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy)
857,autonomic_ganglion,any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs
858,autonomic_nervous_system ANS,the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
859,autonomic_plexus plexus_autonomici,a plexus of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
860,autoradiography,producing a radiograph by means of the radiation emitted from the specimen being photographed
861,autoregulation,(physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
862,autotype autotypy,process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment
863,auxesis,growth from increase in cell size without cell division
864,auxiliary_operation off-line_operation,a operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unit
865,avocado alligator_pear avocado_pear aguacate,a pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed
866,awn,slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses
867,axial_muscle,a skeletal muscle of the trunk or head
868,axial_skeleton,the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs
869,axile_placentation,ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa
870,axillary_artery arteria_axillaris,the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below
871,axillary_node,any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions
872,axillary_vein vena_axillaris,a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein
873,axis,the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
874,axis axis_vertebra,the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head
875,axle_grease,a thick heavy grease used to lubricate axles
876,axolemma,outer membrane covering an axon
877,azido_group azido_radical,the univalent group N3- derived from hydrazoic acid
878,azo_group azo_radical,the bivalent group -N=N- united to two hydrocarbon groups
879,azygos_vein azygous_vein vena_azygos,one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava
880,babassu_nut,hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm
881,babassu_oil babacu_oil,fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil
882,back dorsum,the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned"
883,back_tooth posterior,a tooth situated at the back of the mouth
884,background_processing backgrounding,the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system
885,backup,an accumulation caused by clogging or a stoppage; "a traffic backup on the main street"; "he discovered a backup in the toilet"
886,backwater,a body of water that was created by a flood or tide or by being held or forced back by a dam; "the bayous and backwaters are breeding grounds for mosquitos"
887,bacteriolysis,dissolution or destruction of bacteria
888,bacteriostasis,inhibition of the growth of bacteria
889,bad_luck mischance mishap,an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate; "if I didn't have bad luck I wouldn't have any luck at all"
890,bad_weather inclemency inclementness,weather unsuitable for outdoor activities
891,bagasse,the dry dusty pulp that remains after juice is extracted from sugar cane or similar plants
892,ball,a more or less rounded anatomical body or mass; "the ball at the base of the thumb"; "he stood on the balls of his feet"
893,ball-and-socket_joint spheroid_joint cotyloid_joint enarthrodial_joint enarthrosis articulatio_spheroidea,a freely moving joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone
894,ballistics ballistic_trajectory,the trajectory of an object in free flight
895,balminess softness,the quality of weather that is deliciously mild and soothing; "the day's heat faded into balminess"; "the climate had the softness of the south of France"
896,banana,elongated crescent-shaped yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh
897,bandwagon_effect,the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity; "in periods of high merger activity there is a bandwagon effect with more and more firms seeking to engage in takeover activity"; "polls are accused of creating a bandwagon effect to benefit their candidate"
898,baneberry,a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea
899,barbel feeler,slender tactile process on the jaws of a fish
900,bare_bone,bone stripped of flesh
901,barleycorn,a grain of barley
902,barometric_pressure,atmospheric pressure as indicated by a barometer
903,baroreceptor,a sensory receptor that responds to pressure
904,bartlett bartlett_pear,juicy yellow pear
905,basal_ganglion,any of several masses of subcortical grey matter at the base of each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
906,basal_metabolism,the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state
907,basal_placentation,where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary
908,basal_vein vena_basalis,a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein
909,base,the bottom or lowest part; "the base of the mountain"
910,basilar_artery arteria_basilaris,an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear
911,basilar_membrane,a membrane in the cochlea that supports the organ of Corti
912,basilic_vein vena_basilica,a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein
913,basivertebral_vein vena_basivertebralis,one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
914,batch_processing,the serial execution of computer programs
915,bay embayment,an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
916,bayberry_wax bayberry_tallow,a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles
917,bayou,a swampy arm or slow-moving outlet of a lake (term used mainly in Mississippi and Louisiana)
918,beach_erosion,the erosion of beaches
919,beach_plum,small dark purple fruit used especially in jams and pies
920,beak,beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)
921,beak bill neb nib pecker,horny projecting mouth of a bird
922,beak honker hooter nozzle snoot snout schnozzle schnoz,informal terms for the nose
923,beam beam_of_light light_beam ray ray_of_light shaft shaft_of_light irradiation,a column of light (as from a beacon)
924,beam ray electron_beam,a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation
925,bean,any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans
926,beanstalk,stem of a bean plant
927,bear_claw,claw of a bear; often used in jewelry
928,beard,a tuft or growth of hairs or bristles on certain plants such as iris or grasses
929,bed-wetting,enuresis during sleep; especially common in children (who usually outgrow it)
930,bedrock,solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil
931,beechnut,small sweet triangular nut of any of various beech trees
932,beef_tallow,tallow obtained from a bovine animal
933,beeswax,a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs
934,beet_sugar,sugar made from sugar beets
935,belay,something to which a mountain climber's rope can be secured
936,belch belching burp burping eructation,a reflex that expels gas noisily from the stomach through the mouth
937,bell_apple sweet_cup water_lemon yellow_granadilla,the edible yellow fruit of the Jamaica honeysuckle
938,belly,the underpart of the body of certain vertebrates such as snakes or fish
939,belly paunch,a protruding abdomen
940,benzoyl_group benzoyl_radical,the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid
941,benzyl benzyl_group benzyl_radical,the univalent radical derived from toluene
942,berry,a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)
943,berry,any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves
944,bestiality zooerastia zooerasty sodomy,sexual activity between a person and an animal
945,beta_decay,radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus that is accompanied by the emission of a beta particle
946,beta_radiation beta_ray electron_radiation,radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay
947,beta_receptor beta-adrenergic_receptor beta-adrenoceptor,receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
948,beta_rhythm beta_wave,the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake and alert; occurs with a frequency between 12 and 30 hertz
949,betel_nut areca_nut,seed of betel palm; chewed with leaves of the betel pepper and lime as a digestive stimulant and narcotic in southeastern Asia
950,biauriculate_heart,a heart (as of mammals and birds and reptiles) having two auricles
951,biceps,any skeletal muscle having two origins (but especially the muscle that flexes the forearm)
952,biceps_brachii musculus_biceps_brachii biceps_humeri,a muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm
953,big_toe great_toe hallux,the first largest innermost toe
954,bight,a broad bay formed by an indentation in the shoreline; "the Bight of Benin"; "the Great Australian Bight"
955,bilberry whortleberry European_blueberry,blue-black berries similar to American blueberries
956,biliary_ductule,excretory ducts of the liver; empty into the hepatic ducts
957,billabong,a branch of a river made by water flowing from the main stream only when the water level is high
958,billabong,a stagnant pool of water in the bed of a stream that flows intermittently
959,binding_energy separation_energy,the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect
960,bing_cherry,dark red or blackish sweet cherry
961,biochemical_mechanism,a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms
962,bioelectricity,electric phenomena in animals or plants
963,biogenesis biogeny,the production of living organisms from other living organisms
964,biology,characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms; "the biology of viruses"
965,bioluminescence,luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)
966,biosynthesis biogenesis,production of a chemical compound by a living organism
967,bird's_foot,the foot of a bird
968,birth_canal,a passage in the uterus and vagina through which a fetus passes during vaginal birth
969,bise bize,a dry cold north wind in southeastern France
970,bisexuality,sexual activity with both men and women
971,bit chip flake fleck scrap,a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; "a bit of rock caught him in the eye"
972,bite chomp,the act of gripping or chewing off with the teeth and jaws
973,bitter_almond_oil,pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal
974,bitter_orange Seville_orange sour_orange,highly acidic orange used especially in marmalade
975,black-body_radiation blackbody_radiation,the electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law
976,black_currant,small black berries used in jams and jellies
977,black_olive ripe_olive,olives picked ripe and cured in brine then dried or pickled or preserved canned or in oil
978,black_walnut,American walnut having a very hard and thick woody shell
979,blackberry,large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus
980,blackheart blackheart_cherry,heart cherry with dark flesh and skin cherry
981,bladder vesica,a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas)
982,bladder_sphincter musculus_sphincter_vesicae,the sphincter muscle of the urinary bladder; made up of a thickened muscular layer of bladder around the urethral opening
983,bladder_stone cystolith,a calculus formed in the bladder
984,blade,a broad flat body part (as of the shoulder or tongue)
985,blastocoel blastocoele blastocele segmentation_cavity cleavage_cavity,the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
986,blastoderm germinal_disc blastodisc germinal_area,a layer of cells on the inside of the blastula
987,blastogenesis,asexual reproduction by budding
988,blastomycosis,any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
989,blastopore,the opening into the archenteron
990,blaze blazing,a strong flame that burns brightly; "the blaze spread rapidly"
991,blink eye_blink blinking wink winking nictitation nictation,a reflex that closes and opens the eyes rapidly
992,blister,(botany) a swelling on a plant similar to that on the skin
993,blister bulla bleb,(pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid
994,blizzard snowstorm,a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds
995,blood_blister,blister containing blood or bloody serum usually caused by an injury
996,blood_coagulation blood_clotting,a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)
997,blood_extravasation,the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
998,blood_pressure,the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; "adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure"
999,blood_sugar blood_glucose,glucose in the bloodstream
1000,blood_vessel,a vessel in which blood circulates
1001,blooming bloom,the organic process of bearing flowers; "you will stop all bloom if you let the flowers go to seed"
1002,blossoming flowering florescence inflorescence anthesis efflorescence,the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms
1003,blow puff,forceful exhalation through the nose or mouth; "he gave his nose a loud blow"; "he blew out all the candles with a single puff"
1004,blowhole,the spiracle of a cetacean located far back on the skull
1005,blowing,processing that involves blowing a gas
1006,blubber,an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil
1007,blueberry,sweet edible dark-blue berries of either low-growing or high-growing blueberry plants
1008,bluing blueing,a process that makes something blue (or bluish)
1009,blush flush,sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)
1010,bluster,a violent gusty wind
1011,bobtail bob dock,a short or shortened tail of certain animals
1012,bodily_process body_process bodily_function activity,an organic process that takes place in the body; "respiratory activity"
1013,body_of_water water,the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); "they invaded our territorial waters"; "they were sitting by the water's edge"
1014,body_part,any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity
1015,boiling,the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas
1016,boisterousness,a turbulent and stormy state of the sea
1017,bolide fireball,an especially luminous meteor (sometimes exploding)
1018,bondage,sexual practice that involves physically restraining (by cords or handcuffs) one of the partners
1019,bonduc_nut nicker_nut nicker_seed,hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry
1020,bone os,rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
1021,bone_fat,fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps and in lubricating greases
1022,bone_oil,the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture
1023,bone_oil Dippel's_oil,dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol
1024,bony_labyrinth osseous_labyrinth,cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the membranous labyrinth
1025,book_lung,organ in many arachnids containing many thin folds of membrane resembling the leaves of a book
1026,boolean_operation binary_operation binary_arithmetic_operation,an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra; each operand and the result take one of two values
1027,bosc,greenish-yellow pear
1028,bosom,a person's breast or chest
1029,bottom_fermentation,a slow kind of alcoholic fermentation at a temperature low enough that the yeast cells can sink to the bottom of the fermenting liquid; used in the production of lager
1030,bough,any of the larger branches of a tree
1031,boulder bowlder,a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin
1032,boundary_layer,the layer of slower flow of a fluid past a surface
1033,bowel_movement movement bm,a euphemism for defecation; "he had a bowel movement"
1034,bowleg bow_leg bandyleg bandy_leg genu_varum tibia_vara,a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
1035,boysenberry,large raspberry-flavored fruit; cross between blackberries and raspberries
1036,brachial_artery arteria_brachialis,the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow
1037,brachial_plexus plexus_brachialis,a network of nerves formed by cervical and thoracic spinal nerves and supplying the arm and parts of the shoulder
1038,brachial_vein vena_brachialis,two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein
1039,brachiocephalic_vein innominate_vein vena_brachiocephalica,veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
1040,brain encephalon,that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
1041,brain_death cerebral_death,death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops
1042,brainstem brain-stem brain_stem,the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
1043,brainwave brain_wave cortical_potential,(neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph
1044,branch,a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
1045,branch,a stream or river connected to a larger one
1046,branched_chain,an open chain of atoms with one or more side chains attached to it
1047,branchlet twig sprig,a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
1048,brazil_nut brazil,three-sided tropical American nut with white oily meat and hard brown shell
1049,breadfruit,a large round seedless or seeded fruit with a texture like bread; eaten boiled or baked or roasted or ground into flour; the roasted seeds resemble chestnuts
1050,breaking_point,the degree of tension or stress at which something breaks
1051,breast,the part of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's chest
1052,breast bosom knocker boob tit titty,either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman
1053,breast chest,the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen; "he beat his breast in anger"
1054,breath,a slight movement of the air; "there wasn't a breath of air in the room"
1055,breath,the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; "he took a deep breath and dived into the pool"; "he was fighting to his last breath"
1056,breathing external_respiration respiration ventilation,the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation
1057,breeze zephyr gentle_wind air,a slight wind (usually refreshing); "the breeze was cooled by the lake"; "as he waited he could feel the air on his neck"
1058,breeziness windiness,a mildly windy state of the air
1059,bregma,the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures at the top of the cranium
1060,briarroot,hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
1061,brickbat,a fragment of brick used as a weapon
1062,bridge,the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose"
1063,brier,a thorny stem or twig
1064,brisance,the shattering or crushing effect of a sudden release of energy as in an explosion
1065,bristle,a stiff hair
1066,broad_bean fava_bean horsebean,seed of the broad-bean plant
1067,bronchial_artery,arteries that accompany the bronchioles
1068,bronchial_vein vena_bronchialis,veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein
1069,bronchiole,any of the smallest bronchial ducts; ending in alveoli
1070,bronchus bronchial_tube,either of the two main branches of the trachea
1071,brooding incubation,sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body
1072,brook creek,a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river); "the creek dried up every summer"
1073,brooklet,a small brook
1074,brow forehead,the part of the face above the eyes
1075,browse browsing,the act of feeding by continual nibbling
1076,brush,a bushy tail or part of a bushy tail (especially of the fox)
1077,brush_discharge,discharge between electrodes creating visible streamers of ionized particles
1078,bubo,a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis
1079,buccal_artery arteria_buccalis,a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek
1080,buccal_cavity,the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks
1081,buckeye horse_chestnut conker,the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
1082,buckthorn_berry yellow_berry,fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
1083,bucktooth,a large projecting front tooth
1084,bud,a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
1085,budding,reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
1086,buff,bare skin; "swimming in the buff means to swim naked"
1087,buffalo_nut elk_nut oil_nut,oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
1088,buildup,the result of the process of accumulation; "the buildup of leaves blocked the drain pipes"
1089,bulb,a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
1090,bulb,a rounded dilation or expansion in a canal or vessel or organ
1091,bulbar_conjunctiva conjunctival_layer_of_bulb tunica_conjunctiva_bulbi,the part of the conjunctiva covering the anterior face of the sclera and the surface epithelium of the cornea
1092,bulbil bulblet,small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
1093,bull_neck,a thick short powerful neck
1094,bullethead,a head shaped like a bullet
1095,bullock's_heart Jamaica_apple,large heart-shaped tropical fruit with soft acid pulp
1096,bunya_bunya,nut tasting like roasted chestnuts; a staple food of Australian aborigines
1097,burl,a large rounded outgrowth on the trunk or branch of a tree
1098,bursa,a small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at joints
1099,bursa_omentalis omental_bursa lesser_peritoneal_cavity,an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach
1100,butterfat,the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
1101,butterfly_effect,the phenomenon whereby a small change at one place in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere, e.g., a butterfly flapping its wings in Rio de Janeiro might change the weather in Chicago
1102,butternut,oily egg-shaped nut of an American tree of the walnut family
1103,buttock cheek,either of the two large fleshy masses of muscular tissue that form the human rump
1104,buttocks nates arse butt backside bum buns can fundament hindquarters hind_end keister posterior prat rear rear_end rump stern seat tail tail_end tooshie tush bottom behind derriere fanny ass,the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on; "he deserves a good kick in the butt"; "are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?"
1105,butyl,a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9)
1106,by-product byproduct,a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence
1107,bypass,a surgically created shunt (usually around a damaged part)
1108,cacodyl cacodyl_group cacodyl_radical arsenic_group,the univalent group derived from arsine
1109,calabar_bean ordeal_bean,dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft
1110,calabash,round gourd of the calabash tree
1111,calamus,the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
1112,calamus_oil,carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume
1113,calcarine_sulcus calcarine_fissure,a sulcus in the mesial surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
1114,calcification,a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
1115,calcination,the conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature
1116,calcium_ion factor_IV,ion of calcium; a factor in the clotting of blood
1117,calculus concretion,a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body; "renal calculi can be very painful"
1118,calf sura,the muscular back part of the shank
1119,callus,(botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid
1120,calm_air calm,wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scale
1121,calmness,an absence of strong winds or rain
1122,calvaria skullcap,the dome of the skull
1123,calving,giving birth to a calf
1124,calyculus caliculus calycle,a small cup-shaped structure (as a taste bud or optic cup or cavity of a coral containing a polyp)
1125,cambium,a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth
1126,camphor_oil,oil distilled from camphor resin
1127,campylotropous_ovule,a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus
1128,canal,(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion
1129,canal_of_Schlemm Schlemm's_canal sinus_venosus_sclerae,a circular canal in the eye that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into the anterior ciliary veins
1130,canaliculus,a small canal or duct as in some bones and parts of plants
1131,candelilla_wax,a hard brown wax that occurs as a coating on candelilla shrubs
1132,candidiasis moniliasis monilia_disease,an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
1133,candlelight candle_flame,the light provided by a burning candle
1134,candlenut,seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes
1135,cane,a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
1136,cane_sugar,sucrose obtained from sugar cane
1137,canine canine_tooth eyetooth eye_tooth dogtooth cuspid,one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars
1138,canistel eggfruit,ovoid orange-yellow mealy sweet fruit of Florida and West Indies
1139,cannon shank,lower part of the leg extending from the hock to the fetlock in hoofed mammals
1140,cannon_bone,greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals
1141,canola_oil canola,vegetable oil made from rapeseed; it is high in monounsaturated fatty acids
1142,cantaloup cantaloupe,the fruit of a cantaloup vine; small to medium-sized melon with yellowish flesh
1143,capacitance electrical_capacity capacity,an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored
1144,capillarity capillary_action,a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries
1145,capillary capillary_vessel,any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules
1146,capillary_bed,a layer of tissue densely packed with capillaries
1147,capitate capitate_bone os_capitatum,the wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metacarpus
1148,capsid,the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
1149,capsule,a structure that encloses a body part
1150,capture,a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field
1151,capture,any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle
1152,capulin Mexican_black_cherry,Mexican black cherry
1153,carambola star_fruit,deeply ridged yellow-brown tropical fruit; used raw as a vegetable or in salad or when fully ripe as a dessert
1154,carbohydrate saccharide sugar,an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain
1155,carbon_cycle,a thermonuclear reaction in the interior of stars
1156,carbon_cycle,the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
1157,carbonation,saturation with carbon dioxide (as soda water)
1158,carbonization carbonisation,the destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)
1159,carbonyl_group,the bivalent radical CO
1160,carboxyl carboxyl_group,the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids
1161,carboxymethyl_cellulose,an acid derivative of cellulose
1162,cardia,the opening into the stomach and that part of the stomach connected to the esophagus
1163,cardiac_muscle heart_muscle,the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction
1164,cardiac_plexus plexus_cardiacus,a plexus of nerves supplying the heart and nearby structures
1165,cardiac_sphincter,the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction
1166,cardinal_vein,any of the major venous channels in primitive adult vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
1167,caressing cuddling fondling hugging kissing necking petting smooching snuggling,affectionate play (or foreplay without contact with the genital organs)
1168,carina,any of various keel-shaped structures or ridges such as that on the breastbone of a bird or that formed by the fused petals of a pea blossom
1169,carina_fornicis,ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain
1170,carissa_plum natal_plum,edible scarlet plumlike fruit of a South African plant
1171,carnal_abuse,any lascivious contact by an adult with the sexual organs of a child (especially not involving sexual intercourse)
1172,carnassial_tooth,the last upper premolar and first lower molar teeth of a carnivore; having sharp edges for cutting flesh
1173,carnauba_wax carnauba,hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes
1174,carob carob_bean algarroba_bean algarroba locust_bean locust_pod,long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
1175,carotid_artery arteria_carotis,either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta
1176,carotid_body,a chemoreceptor located near the bifurcations of the carotid arteries; monitors oxygen content of the blood and helps control respiration
1177,carotid_plexus plexus_caroticus,a plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery
1178,carpal_bone carpal wrist_bone,any of the eight small bones of the wrist of primates
1179,carpal_tunnel,a passageway in the wrist through which nerves and the flexor muscles of the hands pass
1180,carpel,a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil
1181,carpophore,a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel
1182,carriage_return,the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on a line
1183,carrier_wave carrier,a radio wave that can be modulated in order to transmit a signal
1184,carrot,deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
1185,cartilage gristle,tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults
1186,cartilage_bone,any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue
1187,cartilaginous_structure,body structure given shape by cartilage
1188,cartilaginous_tube,a duct with cartilaginous walls
1189,caruncle caruncula,an outgrowth on a plant or animal such as a fowl's wattle or a protuberance near the hilum of certain seeds
1190,casaba casaba_melon,melon having yellowish rind and whitish flesh
1191,cascade,a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls
1192,casein,a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives
1193,cashew cashew_nut,kidney-shaped nut edible only when roasted
1194,caspase,any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
1195,cassava cassava_starch manioc manioca,a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics
1196,cassava manioc,cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
1197,castor_bean,the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil
1198,catabiosis,normal aging of cells
1199,catabolism katabolism dissimilation destructive_metabolism,breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy
1200,catalase,enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
1201,catalysis contact_action,acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction; "of the top 50 commodity chemicals, 30 are created directly by catalysis and another 6 are made from raw materials that are catalytically produced"
1202,cataract,a large waterfall; violent rush of water over a precipice
1203,catastrophe cataclysm,a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
1204,cathode_ray,a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical discharge tube
1205,cauda,any taillike structure
1206,caudal_appendage,tail especially of a mammal posterior to and above the anus
1207,caudate_nucleus caudate,a tail-shaped basal ganglion located in a lateral ventricle of the brain
1208,caudex,woody stem of palms and tree ferns
1209,caul veil embryonic_membrane,the inner membrane of embryos in higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)
1210,cauliflower_ear,an auricle deformed by injury; common among boxers
1211,cavernous_sinus sinus_cavernosus,either of a pair of large venous sinuses in the cranial cavity
1212,cavity bodily_cavity cavum,(anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body
1213,cavity caries dental_caries tooth_decay,soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth
1214,cecum caecum blind_gut,the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; "the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum"
1215,celiac_trunk celiac_artery truncus_celiacus arteria_celiaca,an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery
1216,cell-mediated_immune_response,an immune response (chiefly against viral or fungal invasions or transplanted tissue) that involves T cells
1217,cell_division cellular_division,the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
1218,cell_membrane cytomembrane plasma_membrane,a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell; "all cells have a cell membrane"
1219,cellulite,lumpy deposits of body fat especially on women's thighs etc.
1220,cellulose,a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
1221,celom coelom celoma,a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity
1222,cembra_nut cedar_nut,the seed of the Swiss pine
1223,cenogenesis kenogenesis caenogenesis cainogenesis kainogenesis,introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)
1224,center centre nerve_center nerve_centre,a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; "in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere"
1225,central_artery_of_the_retina arteria_centralis_retinae,a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve
1226,central_gyrus,either of two gyri on either side of the central sulcus
1227,central_nervous_system CNS systema_nervosum_centrale,the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
1228,central_vein_of_retina vena_centrales_retinae,vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve
1229,central_vein_of_suprarenal_gland vena_centralis_glandulae_suprarenalis,a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein
1230,central_veins_of_liver venae_centrales_hepatis,terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids
1231,centrifugal_force,the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body
1232,centrifugation,the process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge
1233,centriole,one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis
1234,centripetal_force,the inward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body
1235,centromere kinetochore,a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape; "the centromere is difficult to sequence"
1236,centrum,the main body of a vertebra
1237,cephalic_vein vena_cephalica,a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein
1238,ceras,one of the often brightly colored and branching hornlike structures on the back of the nudibranch (and other related mollusks) that serve as gills
1239,cere,the fleshy, waxy covering at the base of the upper beak of some birds
1240,cerebellar_artery arteria_cerebelli,an artery that supplies the cerebellum
1241,cerebellar_hemisphere,either of two lateral lobes of the cerebellum
1242,cerebellar_vein vena_cerebellum,the veins draining the cerebellum
1243,cerebellum,a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans
1244,cerebral_aqueduct Sylvian_aqueduct aqueductus_cerebri,a canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles
1245,cerebral_artery arteria_cerebri,any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex
1246,cerebral_cortex cerebral_mantle pallium cortex,the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the grey matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum
1247,cerebral_vein vena_cerebri,any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
1248,cerebrum,anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans
1249,ceresin,a white wax extracted from ozokerite
1250,ceriman monstera,tropical cylindrical fruit resembling a pinecone with pineapple-banana flavor
1251,cerumen earwax,a soft yellow wax secreted by glands in the ear canal
1252,cervical_artery areteria_cervicalis,an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck
1253,cervical_canal canalis_cervicis_uteri,a spindle-shaped canal extending from the uterus to the vagina
1254,cervical_glands cervical_glands_of_the_uterus glandulae_cervicales_uteri,mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix
1255,cervical_nerve,any of eight pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the cervical section of the spinal cord
1256,cervical_plexus plexus_cervicalis,a nerve plexus lying beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle
1257,cervical_smear Pap_smear Papanicolaou_smear,a sample of secretions and superficial cells of the uterine cervix and uterus; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells
1258,cervical_vein deep_cervical_vein vena_cervicalis_profunda,a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name
1259,cervical_vertebra neck_bone,one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region
1260,cervix uterine_cervix cervix_uteri,necklike opening to the uterus
1261,chaeta,a stiff chitinous seta or bristle especially of an annelid worm
1262,chain chemical_chain,(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule)
1263,chain_reaction,a self-sustaining nuclear reaction; a series of nuclear fissions in which neutrons released by splitting one atom leads to the splitting of others
1264,chain_reaction,a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next
1265,chalaza,one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell
1266,chamber,an enclosed volume in the body; "the chambers of his heart were healthy"
1267,change,a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one"
1268,change,the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains"
1269,channel,a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels; "the ship went aground in the channel"
1270,chaos,the formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos
1271,charge electric_charge,the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; "the battery needed a fresh charge"
1272,chatter_mark,marks on a glaciated rock caused by the movement of a glacier
1273,chaulmoogra_oil,an oil from chaulmoogra trees; used in treatment of skin diseases and leprosy
1274,cheek,either side of the face below the eyes
1275,cheek_muscle buccinator_muscle musculus_buccinator,a muscle that flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth
1276,cheek_pouch,a membranous pouch inside the mouth of many rodents (as a gopher)
1277,cheekbone zygomatic_bone zygomatic malar malar_bone jugal_bone os_zygomaticum,the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
1278,chelation,(medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning
1279,chelation,the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds
1280,chelicera,either of the first pair of fang-like appendages near the mouth of an arachnid; often modified for grasping and piercing
1281,chemical_bond bond,an electrical force linking atoms
1282,chemical_energy,that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction
1283,chemical_equilibrium equilibrium,a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates
1284,chemical_phenomenon,any natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules)
1285,chemical_process chemical_change chemical_action,(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
1286,chemical_reaction reaction,(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; "there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water"
1287,chemiluminescence,luminescence resulting from a chemical reaction as the oxidation of luciferin in fireflies
1288,chemisorption chemosorption,adsorption (especially when irreversible) by means of chemical instead of physical forces; "chemisorption of gaseous nitrogen on iron catalysts"
1289,chemoreceptor,a sensory receptor that responds to chemical stimuli
1290,chemosynthesis,synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water; limited to certain bacteria and fungi
1291,chemotaxis,movement by a cell or organism in reaction to a chemical stimulus
1292,cherimoya cherimolla,large tropical fruit with leathery skin and soft pulp; related to custard apples
1293,cherry,a red fruit with a single hard stone
1294,chest_cavity thoracic_cavity,the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
1295,chestnut,edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
1296,chiasma chiasm decussation,an intersection or crossing of two tracts in the form of the letter X
1297,chickpea garbanzo,the seed of the chickpea plant
1298,chicory chicory_root,the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
1299,childbirth childbearing accouchement vaginal_birth,the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child
1300,chin mentum,the protruding part of the lower jaw
1301,chincapin chinkapin chinquapin,small nut of either of two small chestnut trees of the southern United States; resembles a hazelnut
1302,chine,backbone of an animal
1303,chinook chinook_wind snow_eater,a warm dry wind blowing down the eastern slopes of the Rockies
1304,chitin,a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi
1305,chlorenchyma,parenchyma whose cells contain chloroplasts
1306,chlorination,the addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds
1307,chokecherry,the fruit of the chokecherry tree
1308,cholinesterase,an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
1309,chondrin,a substance that resembles gelatin and is obtained by boiling cartilage in water
1310,chondrite,a rock of meteoric origin containing chondrules
1311,chop,a jaw; "I'll hit him on the chops"
1312,chop,the irregular motion of waves (usually caused by wind blowing in a direction opposite to the tide); "the boat headed into the chop"
1313,chopper pearly,informal terms for a human `tooth'
1314,choppiness roughness rough_water,used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather
1315,chordamesoderm chordomesoderm,the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord
1316,chorioallantois chorioallantoic_membrane,the very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois
1317,chorion,the outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)
1318,chorionic_villus,one of the tiny villi that stick out of the fetal chorion and combine with the mother's uterine tissue to form the placenta
1319,choroid choroid_coat,a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye
1320,choroid_plexus plexus_choroideus,a vascular plexus of the cerebral ventricles that regulate intraventricular pressure
1321,choroid_vein vena_choroidea,either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye
1322,choroidal_artery arteria_choroidea,an artery that supplies the choroid plexus
1323,chromatic_aberration,an optical aberration in which the image has colored fringes
1324,chromatography,a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
1325,chromoblastomycosis,a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
1326,chromophore,the chemical group that gives color to a molecule
1327,ciliary_artery arteria_ciliaris,one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye
1328,ciliary_body,the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris; "the ciliary body produces aqueous humor"
1329,ciliary_veins venae_ciliares,small veins coming from the ciliary body
1330,cilium,a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms
1331,cinder clinker,a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire
1332,cingulate_gyrus gyrus_cinguli,a long curved structure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; the cortical part of the limbic system
1333,cingulum,(anatomy) an encircling structure (as the ridge around the base of a tooth)
1334,circle_of_Willis,a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
1335,circulation,movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
1336,circulatory_system cardiovascular_system,the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body
1337,circumflex_artery,any of several paired curving arteries
1338,circumflex_artery_of_the_thigh arteria_circumflexa_femoris,an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles
1339,circumflex_femoral_vein vena_circumflexus_femoris,either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh
1340,circumflex_humeral_artery arteria_circumflexa_humeri,an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles
1341,circumflex_iliac_artery arteria_circumflexa_ilium,an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle
1342,circumflex_iliac_vein vena_circumflexa_ilium,accompanies the artery of the same name
1343,circumflex_scapular_artery arteria_circumflexa_scapulae,an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area
1344,circumflex_vein vena_circumflexa,any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name
1345,cirrocumulus cirrocumulus_cloud,a cloud at a high altitude consisting of a series of regularly arranged small clouds resembling ripples
1346,cirrostratus cirrostratus_cloud,a thin uniform layer of hazy cloud at high altitude
1347,cirrus,a slender flexible animal appendage as on barnacles or crinoids or many insects; often tactile
1348,cirrus cirrhus,usually coiled
1349,cirrus cirrus_cloud,a wispy white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude (4 to 8 miles)
1350,cisterna cistern,a sac or cavity containing fluid especially lymph or cerebrospinal fluid
1351,citrange,more aromatic and acid tasting than oranges; used in beverages and marmalade
1352,citron,large lemonlike fruit with thick aromatic rind; usually preserved
1353,citrus citrus_fruit citrous_fruit,any of numerous fruits of the genus Citrus having thick rind and juicy pulp; grown in warm regions
1354,civilization civilisation,the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization
1355,cladode cladophyll phylloclad phylloclade,a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
1356,clast,(geology) a constituent fragment of a clastic rock
1357,clastic_rock,(geology) a rock composed of broken pieces of older rocks
1358,claustrum,a layer of grey matter in the brain adjacent to the lenticular nucleus
1359,clavicle collarbone,bone linking the scapula and sternum
1360,claw,a bird's foot
1361,claw,sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles
1362,claw chela nipper pincer,a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods
1363,clear-air_turbulence,strong turbulence in an otherwise cloudless region that subjects aircraft to violent updrafts or downdrafts
1364,cleavage,the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules
1365,cleavage,the line formed by a groove between two parts (especially the separation between a woman's breasts)
1366,cleavage segmentation,(embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum
1367,clementine,a mandarin orange of a deep reddish orange color and few seeds
1368,climate_change global_climate_change,a change in the world's climate
1369,cling clingstone,fruit (especially peach) whose flesh adheres strongly to the pit
1370,clitoral_vein vena_clitoridis,veins that serve the clitoris
1371,clitoris clit button,a female sexual organ homologous to the penis
1372,cloaca,(zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open
1373,closed_chain ring,(chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop
1374,closed_universe,(cosmology) a universe that is spatially closed and in which there is sufficient matter to halt the expansion that began with the big bang; the visible matter is only 10 percent of the matter required for closure but there may be large amounts of dark matter
1375,cloud,a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
1376,cloud,any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
1377,cloud_bank,a layer of clouds seen from a distance
1378,cloudiness cloud_cover overcast,the state of the sky when it is covered by clouds
1379,clouding clouding_up,the process whereby water particles become visible in the sky
1380,clove,aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice
1381,clove_oil oil_of_cloves,essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines
1382,cloven_foot cloven_hoof,a hoof divided into two parts at its distal extremity (as of ruminants or swine)
1383,cluster_of_differentiation_4 CD4,a glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of helper T cells; "CD4 is a receptor for HIV in humans"
1384,cluster_of_differentiation_8 CD8,a membrane glycoprotein that is found primarily on the surface of cytotoxic T cells
1385,coagulase,an enzyme that induces coagulation
1386,coagulation_factor clotting_factor,any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation
1387,coattails_effect,(politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party; "he counted on the coattails effect to win him the election"
1388,cobblers,a man's testicles (from Cockney rhyming slang: cobbler's awl rhymes with ball)
1389,cocarboxylase thiamine_pyrophosphate,a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle
1390,coccidioidomycosis coccidiomycosis valley_fever desert_rheumatism,an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
1391,coccygeal_nerve nervus_coccygeus,the lowest pair of spinal nerves
1392,coccygeal_plexus plexus_coccygeus,a small plexus formed by the fifth sacral and coccygeal nerves
1393,coccygeal_vertebra caudal_vertebra,one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
1394,coccyx tail_bone,the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
1395,cochlea,the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti
1396,cock prick dick shaft pecker tool putz,obscene terms for penis
1397,cock_sucking blowjob,slang for fellatio
1398,cocoa_butter,a yellow-white fat from cocoa beans
1399,cocoa_plum coco_plum icaco,plum-shaped whitish to almost black fruit used for preserves; tropical American
1400,coconut cocoanut,large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk
1401,coconut_oil copra_oil,oil from coconuts
1402,cod-liver_oil cod_liver_oil,an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D
1403,cod_oil,an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing
1404,coelenteron,the saclike body cavity of a coelenterate
1405,coenzyme,a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes
1406,coenzyme_A,a coenzyme present in all living cells; essential to metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and some amino acids
1407,coffee_bean coffee_berry coffee,a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee
1408,cohesion,(botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)
1409,cohesion,(physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid
1410,cohune-nut_oil cohune_oil cohune_fat,semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making
1411,cohune_nut,nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts
1412,cold_front polar_front,the front of an advancing mass of colder air
1413,cold_fusion,nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken
1414,cold_wave,a wave of unusually cold weather
1415,cold_weather,a period of unusually cold weather
1416,colic_artery arteria_colica,arteries that supply blood to the colon
1417,colic_vein vena_colica,vein serving the large intestine
1418,collagen,a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling
1419,collagenase,any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin
1420,colon,the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
1421,column,any tubular or pillar-like supporting structure in the body
1422,column_chromatography,chromatography that uses selective adsorption by a column of powders
1423,coma,(astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed
1424,comb,ciliated comb-like swimming plate of a ctenophore
1425,comb cockscomb coxcomb,the fleshy red crest on the head of the domestic fowl and other gallinaceous birds
1426,combustion burning,a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
1427,commissure,a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord
1428,common_bile_duct bile_duct,a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum
1429,common_cardinal_vein,the major return channels to the heart; formed by anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins
1430,common_carotid_artery common_carotid,runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries
1431,common_facial_vein,vein formed by union of facial vein and the retromandibular vein and emptying into the jugular vein
1432,common_iliac_artery,terminal branches of the abdominal aorta
1433,common_iliac_vein,formed by the internal and external iliac veins; unites with its fellow from the opposite side of the body to form the inferior vena cava
1434,communicating_artery arteria_communicans,any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
1435,compartment_pressure,the air pressure maintained in an air-tight compartment (as in an aircraft)
1436,compensation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
1437,complement,one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
1438,complement accompaniment,something added to complete or embellish or make perfect; "a fine wine is a perfect complement to the dinner"; "wild rice was served as an accompaniment to the main dish"
1439,complement_fixation,an immune response in which an antigen-antibody combination inactivates a complement (so it is unavailable to participate in a second antigen-antibody combination)
1440,compound_eye,in insects and some crustaceans: composed of many light-sensitive elements each forming a portion of an image
1441,compound_pistil,consists of two or more fused carpels
1442,computer_operation machine_operation,an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform
1443,conception,the act of becoming pregnant; fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon
1444,concha,(anatomy) a structure that resembles a shell in shape
1445,concretion,the formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys)
1446,concurrent_operation,two or more operations performed at the same time (or within a give interval)
1447,condensation,the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
1448,condensation condensate,atmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold
1449,conditional_reflex conditioned_reflex acquired_reflex conditional_reaction conditioned_reaction conditional_response conditioned_response,an acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulus
1450,conditioned_avoidance conditioned_avoidance_response,a conditioned response that anticipates the occurrence of an aversive stimulus
1451,conductance,a material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance
1452,conduction conductivity,the transmission of heat or electricity or sound
1453,condylar_process condyloid_process mandibular_condyle,the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
1454,condyle,a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
1455,condylion,the craniometric point at the tip of the mandibular condyle
1456,congealment congelation,the process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing
1457,conjugated_protein compound_protein,a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances
1458,conjunctiva,a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid
1459,conjunctival_veins venae_conjunctivales,veins draining the conjunctiva
1460,conk,informal term for the nose
1461,connective_tissue,tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
1462,conodont,the tiny fossil cone-shaped tooth of a primitive vertebrate of order Conodonta
1463,consequence effect outcome result event issue upshot,a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the event"
1464,conspicuous_consumption,buying expensive services and products in order to flaunt your wealth
1465,consumption economic_consumption usance use use_of_goods_and_services,(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has increased steadily"
1466,consumption ingestion intake uptake,the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
1467,continental_drift,the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)
1468,contractile_organ contractor,a bodily organ that contracts
1469,contrail condensation_trail,an artificial cloud created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface or by water vapor in the engine exhaust
1470,control,(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters"
1471,control_operation control_function,an operation that controls the recording or processing or transmission of interpretation of data; "a control operation started the data processing"
1472,convalescence recuperation recovery,gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury
1473,convection,(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere
1474,convection,the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
1475,conversion,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis
1476,cooking_apple,an apple used primarily in cooking for pies and applesauce etc
1477,cooking_oil,any of numerous vegetable oils used in cooking
1478,cooling chilling temperature_reduction,the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature
1479,coordinate_bond dative_bond,a covalent bond in which both electrons are provided by one of the atoms
1480,coprophagy coprophagia,eating feces; in human a symptom of some kinds of insanity
1481,coquilla_nut,nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory
1482,core,a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
1483,corm,solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
1484,corn,the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
1485,corn_gluten,gluten prepared from corn
1486,corn_oil,oil from the germs of corn grains
1487,corn_sugar,dextrose made by hydrolysis of cornstarch
1488,cornea,the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera
1489,corner,a projecting part where two sides or edges meet; "he knocked off the corners"
1490,cornsilk corn_silk,each of the long filamentous styles that grow as a silky tuft at the tip of an ear of Indian corn
1491,cornstalk corn_stalk,the stalk of a corn plant
1492,cornstarch cornflour,starch prepared from the grains of corn; used in cooking as a thickener
1493,cornu,(anatomy) any structure that resembles a horn in shape
1494,corona,(anatomy) any structure that resembles a crown in shape
1495,corona,one or more circles of light seen around a luminous object
1496,corona_discharge corona corposant St._Elmo's_fire Saint_Elmo's_fire Saint_Elmo's_light Saint_Ulmo's_fire Saint_Ulmo's_light electric_glow,an electrical discharge accompanied by ionization of surrounding atmosphere
1497,coronal_suture sutura_coronalis,the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
1498,coronary_artery arteria_coronaria,the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart
1499,coronary_sinus sinus_coronarius,a short sinus receiving most of the veins of the heart; empties into the right atrium
1500,coronet,margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof
1501,coronion,the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
1502,coronoid_process processus_coronoideus,a sharp triangular process projecting from a bone
1503,coronoid_process_of_the_mandible,the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle
1504,corpus,the main part of an organ or other bodily structure
1505,corpus_callosum,a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
1506,corpus_luteum,yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle following the release of an ovum; it degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
1507,corpus_striatum striatum striate_body,a striped mass of white and grey matter located in front of the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere; consists of the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus
1508,corpuscular_radiation particulate_radiation,a stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (e.g. alpha particles) or negatively (e.g. beta particles) or not at all (e.g. neutrons)
1509,corrosion corroding erosion,erosion by chemical action
1510,corruption,decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation)
1511,cortex,the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
1512,cortical_area cortical_region,any of various regions of the cerebral cortex
1513,cortina,a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils
1514,cosmic_background_radiation CBR cosmic_microwave_background_radiation CMBR cosmic_microwave_background CMB,(cosmology) the cooled remnant of the hot big bang that fills the entire universe and can be observed today with an average temperature of about 2.725 kelvin
1515,cosmic_dust,clouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space
1516,cosmic_radiation,radiation coming from outside the solar system
1517,cosmic_ray,highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds
1518,cost-pull_inflation,inflation caused by an increase in the costs of production
1519,costa,a riblike part of a plant or animal (such as a middle rib of a leaf or a thickened vein of an insect wing)
1520,costal_cartilage,the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs; its elasticity allows the chest to move in respiration
1521,costal_groove,groove between the ribs where the nerves and blood vessels are
1522,costoaxillary_vein,one of several veins connecting intercostal veins with the lateral thoracic vein or the thoracoepigastric vein
1523,costus_oil,a yellow volatile essential oil obtained from costusroot; used in perfumes
1524,cottonseed,seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil
1525,cottonseed_oil,edible oil pressed from cottonseeds
1526,countenance physiognomy phiz visage kisser smiler mug,the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)
1527,counterglow gegenschein,a faint spot of light in the night sky that appears directly opposite the position of the sun; a reflection of sunlight by micrometeoric material in space
1528,countertransference,the psychoanalyst's displacement of emotion onto the patient or more generally the psychoanalyst's emotional involvement in the therapeutic interaction
1529,couple,(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines
1530,coupling mating pairing conjugation union sexual_union,the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; "the casual couplings of adolescents"; "the mating of some species occurs only in the spring"
1531,covalent_bond,a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
1532,covariation,(statistics) correlated variation
1533,cove,a small inlet
1534,cowage,pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey
1535,cowpea black-eyed_pea,fruit or seed of the cowpea plant
1536,crab_apple crabapple,small sour apple; suitable for preserving; "crabapples make a tangy jelly"
1537,cracking,the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)
1538,cracklings,the crisp residue left after lard has been rendered
1539,cranberry,very tart red berry used for sauce or juice
1540,cranial_cavity intracranial_cavity,the cavity enclosed by the cranium
1541,cranial_nerve,any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem
1542,craniometric_point,a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken
1543,cranium braincase brainpan,the part of the skull that encloses the brain
1544,craton,the part of a continent that is stable and forms the central mass of the continent; typically Precambrian
1545,craw crop,a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food
1546,crest,a showy growth of e.g. feathers or skin on the head of a bird or other animal
1547,cross-link cross-linkage,a side bond that links two adjacent chains of atoms in a complex molecule
1548,crossing_over crossover,the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
1549,crosswind,wind blowing across the path of a ship or aircraft
1550,crotaphion,the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
1551,croton_oil,viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action
1552,crus,the leg from the knee to foot
1553,crustose_thallus,thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
1554,crying weeping tears,the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds); "I hate to hear the crying of a child"; "she was in tears"
1555,cryptococcosis,a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
1556,crystal crystallization,a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces
1557,crystallite,any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock
1558,crystallization crystallisation crystallizing,the formation of crystals
1559,ctene comb-plate,a locomotor organ consisting of a row of strong cilia whose bases are fused
1560,ctenidium,comb-like respiratory structure serving as the gill of certain mollusks
1561,cubeb,spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes
1562,cubitus,the arm from the elbow to the fingertips
1563,cuboid_bone,the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus
1564,culm,stem of plants of the Gramineae
1565,cultivation,the process of fostering the growth of something; "the cultivation of bees for honey"
1566,culture,(biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar); "the culture of cells in a Petri dish"
1567,cumin cumin_seed,aromatic seeds of the cumin herb of the carrot family
1568,cumulonimbus cumulonimbus_cloud thundercloud,a dark cloud of great vertical extent charged with electricity; associated with thunderstorms
1569,cumulus cumulus_cloud,a globular cloud
1570,cunnilingus cunnilinctus,oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris
1571,cunt puss pussy slit snatch twat,obscene terms for female genitals
1572,cupule,a sucker on the feet of certain flies
1573,curdling clotting coagulation,the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid
1574,currant,any of several tart red or black berries used primarily for jellies and jams
1575,currant,small dried seedless raisin grown in the Mediterranean region and California; used in cooking
1576,current electric_current,a flow of electricity through a conductor; "the current was measured in amperes"
1577,cusp leaflet,a thin triangular flap of a heart valve
1578,custard_apple,the fruit of any of several tropical American trees of the genus Annona having soft edible pulp
1579,cutaneous_vein vena_cutanea,one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins
1580,cuticle,the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail
1581,cutting,a piece cut off from the main part of something
1582,cutting slip,a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
1583,cyanide_process,an industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
1584,cyano_group cyano_radical cyanide_group cyanide_radical,the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound
1585,cyclone,(meteorology) rapid inward circulation of air masses about a low pressure center; circling counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern
1586,cyclone,a violent rotating windstorm
1587,cyclooxygenase Cox,either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
1588,cyclooxygenase-1 Cox-1,an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys; "an unfortunate side effect of NSAIDs is that they block Cox-1"
1589,cyclooxygenase-2 Cox-2,an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever; "the beneficial effects of NSAIDs result from their ability to block Cox-2"
1590,cyclosis streaming,the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell
1591,cystic_artery arteria_cystica,a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver
1592,cystic_vein vena_cystica,vein that drains the gallbladder
1593,cytochrome,(biochemistry) a class of hemoprotein whose principal biological function is electron transfer (especially in cellular respiration)
1594,cytochrome_c,the most abundant and stable cytochrome; involved in energy transfer
1595,cytogenesis cytogeny,the origin and development and variation of cells
1596,cytokine,any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system
1597,cytokinesis,organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
1598,cytologic_specimen,a specimen used for cytologic examination and diagnosis
1599,cytolysis,pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane
1600,cytoskeleton,a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
1601,cytostome,mouth of a protozoan
1602,dacryon,the craniometric point at the junction of the anterior border of the lacrimal bone with the frontal bone
1603,damson damson_plum,dark purple plum of the damson tree
1604,dander,small scales from animal skins or hair or bird feathers that can cause allergic reactions in some people
1605,dandruff,loose scales shed from the scalp; "I could see the dandruff on her shoulders"
1606,data_mining,data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large preexisting databases; a way to discover new meaning in data
1607,data_processing,(computer science) a series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information
1608,date,sweet edible fruit of the date palm with a single long woody seed
1609,daylight,light during the daytime
1610,de-iodinase,an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
1611,de-iodination,the removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds
1612,deadwood,a branch or a part of a tree that is dead
1613,dealignment,a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties
1614,deamination deaminization,removal of the amino radical from an amino acid or other amino compound
1615,death,the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; "the animal died a painful death"
1616,debacle,flooding caused by a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river during the spring or summer
1617,decalcification,loss of calcium from bones or teeth
1618,decalescence,phenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal
1619,decarboxylase,any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group
1620,decarboxylation,the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)
1621,decay,the process of gradually becoming inferior
1622,decay decline,a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current
1623,decay decomposition,the organic phenomenon of rotting
1624,decay radioactive_decay disintegration,the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation
1625,decentralization decentalisation,the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts
1626,decidua,the epithelial tissue of the endometrium
1627,decline diminution,change toward something smaller or lower
1628,decoction,(pharmacology) the extraction of water-soluble drug substances by boiling
1629,decoction_process decoction_mashing,(brewing) a process in which part of the mash is removed and boiled and then returned
1630,decomposition decomposition_reaction chemical_decomposition_reaction,(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance
1631,decomposition rot rotting putrefaction breakdown,(biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action
1632,decrease decrement,a process of becoming smaller or shorter
1633,dedifferentiation,the loss of specialization in form or function
1634,deep,literary term for an ocean; "denizens of the deep"
1635,deep_middle_cerebral_vein,accompanies the middle cerebral artery deep in the Sylvian fissure; empties into the basal vein
1636,deep_temporal_vein,temporal veins that empty into the pterygoid plexus
1637,deepening,a process of becoming deeper and more profound
1638,defecation laxation shitting,the elimination of fecal waste through the anus
1639,defecation_reflex rectal_reflex,normal response to the presence of feces in the rectum
1640,defense_mechanism defense_reaction defence_mechanism defence_reaction defense defence,(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
1641,deflagration,combustion that propagates through a gas or along the surface of an explosive at a rapid rate driven by the transfer of heat
1642,deflation,(geology) the erosion of soil as a consequence of sand and dust and loose rocks being removed by the wind; "a constant deflation of the desert landscape"
1643,deflation,a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices
1644,deflationary_spiral,an episode of deflation in which prices and wages decrease at an increasing rate and currency gains in value
1645,defloration,the act of depriving a woman of her virginity (especially by rupturing the hymen through sexual intercourse)
1646,defoliation,the loss of foliage
1647,degaussing,the process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field
1648,degeneration devolution,the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
1649,dehiscence,(biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound
1650,dehydration desiccation drying_up evaporation,the process of extracting moisture
1651,delta_rhythm delta_wave,the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person in deep dreamless sleep; occurs with high voltage and low frequency (1 to 4 hertz)
1652,deltoid deltoid_muscle musculus_deltoideus,a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm
1653,deltoid_tuberosity deltoid_eminence,a bump on the outside of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches
1654,demagnetization demagnetisation,the process of removing magnetization
1655,demand,the ability and desire to purchase goods and services; "the automobile reduced the demand for buggywhips"; "the demand exceeded the supply"
1656,demand-pull_inflation,inflation caused by an increase in demand or in the supply of money
1657,demerara,a light brown raw cane sugar from Guyana
1658,demineralization demineralisation,the removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid (especially from water)
1659,denazification de-Nazification,social process of removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism; "denazification was a slow process"
1660,denial,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts
1661,dent,an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); "it made a dent in my bank account"
1662,dentate_nucleus,a large laminar nucleus of grey matter within the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere
1663,denticle,small pointed ridge on the exoskeleton of an arthropod
1664,dentine dentin,bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth
1665,deossification,the loss of the mineral content of bone tissue
1666,deoxyribose,a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids
1667,depolarization depolarisation,a loss of polarity or polarization
1668,deposit sedimentation alluviation,the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating
1669,deposition deposit,the natural process of laying down a deposit of something
1670,depressor depressor_muscle,any skeletal muscle that draws a body part down
1671,depressor depressor_nerve,any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves
1672,derivation,(descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation; "`singer' from `sing' or `undo' from `do' are examples of derivations"
1673,dermatomycosis dermatophytosis,fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
1674,desalination desalinization desalinisation,the removal of salt (especially from sea water)
1675,descending_aorta,the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae
1676,descending_colon,the part of the large intestine that descends from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon
1677,desensitization desensitisation,the process of reducing sensitivity; "the patient was desensitized to the allergen"
1678,desertification,the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land; "the dust storms in Korea are the result of rapid desertification in China"
1679,desideratum,something desired as a necessity; "the desiderata for a vacation are time and money"
1680,desorption,changing from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state
1681,desquamation peeling shedding,loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or coming off in scales
1682,destalinization de-Stalinization destalinisation de-Stalinisation,social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor; "his statue was demolished as part of destalinization"
1683,destructive_distillation,heating a solid substance in a closed container and collecting the volatile products
1684,deterioration decline_in_quality declension worsening,process of changing to an inferior state
1685,detumescence,diminution of swelling; the subsidence of anything swollen
1686,development developing,processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; "the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours"
1687,development evolution,a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); "the development of his ideas took many years"; "the evolution of Greek civilization"; "the slow development of her skill as a writer"
1688,dew,water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air; "in the morning the grass was wet with dew"
1689,dewberry,blackberry-like fruits of any of several trailing blackberry bushes
1690,dewlap,a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
1691,dextrin,any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements
1692,dextrose dextroglucose grape_sugar,an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits
1693,dhobi_itch,fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
1694,diamagnetism,phenomenon exhibited by materials like copper or bismuth that become magnetized in a magnetic field with a polarity opposite to the magnetic force; unlike iron they are slightly repelled by a magnet
1695,diapedesis,passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
1696,diaphragm midriff,(anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
1697,diaphysis shaft,the main (mid) section of a long bone
1698,diastolic_pressure,the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood
1699,diastrophism,the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust
1700,dichroism,pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two different directions
1701,dielectric_heating,heating of an insulator by a high-frequency electric field
1702,diencephalon interbrain betweenbrain thalmencephalon,the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon
1703,diethylaminoethyl_cellulose DEAE_cellulose,used for chromatography
1704,diffraction,when light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands
1705,diffuse_nebula gaseous_nebula,a cluster of stars within an intricate cloud of gas and dust
1706,diffusion,(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration
1707,digestion,the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body
1708,digestion,the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat
1709,digestive_gland,any gland having ducts that pour secretions into the digestive tract
1710,digestive_system gastrointestinal_system systema_alimentarium systema_digestorium,the system that makes food absorbable into the body
1711,digit dactyl,a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates
1712,digital_arteries arteria_digitalis,arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes
1713,digital_photography,a photographic method that stores the image digitally for later reproduction
1714,digital_vein vena_digitalis,one of the veins serving the fingers or toes
1715,dihybrid_cross,hybridization using two traits with two alleles each
1716,dika_nut,edible oil-rich seed of wild mango
1717,dilapidation ruin,the process of becoming dilapidated
1718,dilator,a muscle or nerve that dilates or widens a body part
1719,dimorphism,(biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
1720,dimorphism,(chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms
1721,dining,the act of eating dinner
1722,diploic_vein vena_diploica,one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones
1723,dipole,a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance
1724,dipole_molecule,a molecule that is a permanent dipole
1725,dipole_moment,the moment of a dipole
1726,direct_current DC direct_electric_current,an electric current that flows in one direction steadily
1727,disaccharidase,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides
1728,disaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
1729,disassortative_mating,mating of individuals having traits more dissimilar than likely in random mating
1730,discharge emission expelling,any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body; "the discharge of pus"
1731,discharge spark arc electric_arc electric_discharge,electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field
1732,disinflation,a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments
1733,disk_access,memory access to the computer disk on which information is stored
1734,dispersed_phase dispersed_particles,(of colloids) a substance in the colloidal state
1735,dispersing_phase dispersion_medium dispersing_medium,(of colloids) a substance in which another is colloidally dispersed
1736,displacement,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
1737,displacement displacement_reaction,(chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound
1738,dissimilation,a linguistic process by which one of two similar sounds in a word becomes less like the other; "the Old French MARBRE became the English MARBLE by dissimilation"
1739,dissociation,(chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions
1740,dissolution disintegration,separation into component parts
1741,dissolving dissolution,the process of going into solution; "the dissolving of salt in water"
1742,distillation distillment,the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
1743,distortion,a change (usually undesired) in the waveform of an acoustic or analog electrical signal; the difference between two measurements of a signal (as between the input and output signal); "heavy metal guitar players use vacuum tube amplifiers to produce extreme distortion"
1744,distributary,a branch of a river that flows away from the main stream and does not rejoin it
1745,distributed_data_processing remote-access_data_processing teleprocessing,data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities
1746,ditch,any small natural waterway
1747,dithering,the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color
1748,divi-divi,twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin
1749,dock,the solid bony part of the tail of an animal as distinguished from the hair
1750,doldrums,a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific
1751,dolphin_oil,an unsaturated fatty oil obtained from dolphins and used as a fine lubricant
1752,domestication,adaptation to intimate association with human beings
1753,dominance,the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not
1754,domino_effect,the consequence of one event setting off a chain of similar events (like a falling domino causing a whole row of upended dominos to fall)
1755,dorsal_fin,unpaired median fin on the backs of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates that help to maintain balance
1756,dorsal_root dorsal_horn posterior_root posterior_horn,one of two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally from the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers
1757,dorsal_scapular_vein vena_scapularis_dorsalis,vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery
1758,dorsum,the back of the body of a vertebrate or any analogous surface (as the upper or outer surface of an organ or appendage or part); "the dorsum of the foot"
1759,double_bond,a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
1760,double_chin buccula,a fold of fatty tissue under the chin
1761,double_decomposition double_decomposition_reaction metathesis,a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)
1762,double_refraction birefringence,splitting a ray into two parallel rays polarized perpendicularly
1763,double_replacement_reaction,a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound
1764,double_take,a delayed reaction indicating surprise
1765,doubling,increase by a factor of two; "doubling with a computer took no time at all"
1766,downdraft,a strong downward air current
1767,downpour cloudburst deluge waterspout torrent pelter soaker,a heavy rain
1768,doze drowse,a light fitful sleep
1769,draft draught,a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)
1770,drag retarding_force,the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid
1771,dried_apricot,apricots preserved by drying
1772,dried_fruit,fruit preserved by drying
1773,drift,a process of linguistic change over a period of time
1774,drift,the gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane)
1775,drift impetus impulsion,a force that moves something along
1776,drink,any large deep body of water; "he jumped into the drink and had to be rescued"
1777,drinking imbibing imbibition,the act of consuming liquids
1778,drippings,fat that exudes from meat and drips off while it is being roasted or fried
1779,drizzle mizzle,very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower
1780,drupe stone_fruit,fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
1781,drupelet,a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe
1782,dry_plate dry_plate_process,a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion
1783,drying_oil,an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
1784,dubbin,tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof
1785,duct epithelial_duct canal channel,a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; "the tear duct was obstructed"; "the alimentary canal"; "poison is released through a channel in the snake's fangs"
1786,ductule ductulus,a very small duct
1787,ductus_arteriosus,a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta; normally closes at birth
1788,dug,an udder or breast or teat
1789,duodenum,the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum
1790,dura_mater dura,the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges
1791,durian,huge fruit native to southeastern Asia `smelling like Hell and tasting like Heaven'; seeds are roasted and eaten like nuts
1792,dust_cloud,a cloud of dust suspended in the air
1793,dust_devil,a miniature whirlwind strong enough to whip dust and leaves and litter into the air
1794,dust_storm duster sandstorm sirocco,a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand; "it was the kind of duster not experienced in years"
1795,dyadic_operation,an operation on exactly two operands
1796,dynamic_electricity current_electricity,a flow of electric charge
1797,ear,the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
1798,ear spike capitulum,fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
1799,eardrum tympanum tympanic_membrane myringa,the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
1800,earlobe ear_lobe,the fleshy pendulous part of the external human ear
1801,earthquake quake temblor seism,shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity
1802,east_wind easter easterly,a wind from the east
1803,eating feeding,the act of consuming food
1804,eating_apple dessert_apple,an apple used primarily for eating raw without cooking
1805,ebb ebbing wane,a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)
1806,eburnation,a change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory
1807,ecchymosis,the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin
1808,eccrine_gland,a small sweat gland that produces only a fluid; restricted to the human skin
1809,economic_growth,steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income)
1810,economic_process,any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
1811,ectoderm exoderm ectoblast,the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
1812,edible_fat,oily or greasy matter making up the bulk of fatty tissue in animals and in seeds and other plant tissue
1813,edible_fruit,edible reproductive body of a seed plant especially one having sweet flesh
1814,edible_nut,a hard-shelled seed consisting of an edible kernel or meat enclosed in a woody or leathery shell
1815,edible_seed,many are used as seasoning
1816,effacement,shortening of the uterine cervix and thinning of its walls as it is dilated during labor
1817,effector,an organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses
1818,effervescence,the process of bubbling as gas escapes
1819,efflorescence bloom,a powdery deposit on a surface
1820,ejaculation,the discharge of semen in males
1821,ejaculatory_duct,a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens; passes through the prostate gland
1822,elastance electrical_elastance,the reciprocal of capacitance
1823,elastase,a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin
1824,elastic_energy elastic_potential_energy,potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed (as in a coiled spring)
1825,elastic_tissue,connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments
1826,elastin,a fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries
1827,elbow,the joint of a mammal or bird that corresponds to the human elbow
1828,elbow elbow_joint human_elbow cubitus cubital_joint articulatio_cubiti,hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped
1829,elderberry,berrylike fruit of an elder used for e.g. wines and jellies
1830,electric_dipole electric_doublet,a dipole with equal and opposite electric charges
1831,electric_dipole_moment,the dipole moment in an electric dipole
1832,electric_field,a field of force surrounding a charged particle
1833,electric_potential potential potential_difference potential_drop voltage,the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts
1834,electric_resistance electrical_resistance impedance resistance resistivity ohmic_resistance,a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms
1835,electric_shock electrical_shock shock,a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body; "subjects received a small electric shock when they made the wrong response"; "electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks"
1836,electrical_conduction,the passage of electricity through a conductor
1837,electrical_disturbance,electrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters)
1838,electrical_phenomenon,a physical phenomenon involving electricity
1839,electrical_power electric_power wattage,the product of voltage and current
1840,electricity,a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons
1841,electricity electrical_energy power,energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor; "they built a car that runs on electricity"; "The power went oout around midnight"
1842,electrodeposition,the deposition of a substance on an electrode by the action of electricity (especially by electrolysis)
1843,electrolysis,(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions
1844,electromagnetic_interaction,an interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons
1845,electromagnetic_radiation electromagnetic_wave nonparticulate_radiation,radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge
1846,electromagnetism,magnetism produced by an electric current; "electromagnetism was discovered when it was observed that a copper wire carrying an electric current can magnetize pieces of iron or steel near it"
1847,electronic_data_processing EDP,automatic data processing by electronic means without the use of tabulating cards or punched tapes
1848,electrophoresis cataphoresis dielectrolysis ionophoresis,the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode
1849,electrostatic_charge,the electric charge at rest on the surface of an insulated body (which establishes and adjacent electrostatic field)
1850,electrostatic_field,electric field associated with static electric charges
1851,electrostatic_precipitation,a process that removes suspended dust particles from a gas by applying a high voltage electrostatic charge to the particles and collecting them on charged plates
1852,elements,violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements); "they felt the full fury of the elements"
1853,elimination evacuation excretion excreting voiding,the bodily process of discharging waste matter
1854,elimination_reaction,a chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules
1855,elision,omission of a sound between two words (usually a vowel and the end of one word or the beginning of the next)
1856,ellipsis eclipsis,omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences
1857,elution,the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions
1858,elves,an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources; extremely bright extremely short (less than a msec) electrical flashes forming a huge ring (up to 400 km diameter) in the ionosphere
1859,embalmment,preservation (of a dead body) by treating with balsams and drugs and other chemicals
1860,ember coal,a hot fragment of wood or coal that is left from a fire and is glowing or smoldering
1861,embryonic_tissue,tissue in an embryo
1862,emergent_evolution,the appearance of entirely new properties at certain critical stages in the course of evolution
1863,emissary_vein vena_emissaria,one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull
1864,emission,the release of electrons from parent atoms
1865,emperor,red table grape of California
1866,encapsulation,the process of enclosing (as in a capsule)
1867,end-plate endplate motor_end_plate,the flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits neural impulses to a muscle
1868,end_organ,a specialized structure at the peripheral end of some motor or sensory nerve fibers
1869,endocardium,the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
1870,endocranium,membrane lining the inside of the skull
1871,endocrine_gland endocrine ductless_gland,any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
1872,endocrine_system,the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity
1873,endoderm entoderm endoblast entoblast hypoblast,the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
1874,endoergic_reaction,a nuclear reaction occurring with absorption of energy
1875,endogeny,a geological phenomenon below the surface of the earth
1876,endometrium,(pregnancy) the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition
1877,endoneurium,delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve
1878,endonuclease,a nuclease that cleaves nucleic acids at interior bonds and so produces fragments of various sizes
1879,endoskeleton,the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure (especially of vertebrates)
1880,endosteum,vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones
1881,endothelium,an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
1882,endothermic_reaction,a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
1883,energid protoplast,a biological unit consisting of a nucleus and the body of cytoplasm with which it interacts
1884,energy,any source of usable power; "the DOE is responsible for maintaining the energy policy"
1885,energy free_energy,(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; "energy can take a wide variety of forms"
1886,energy_level energy_state,a definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules; "according to quantum theory only certain energy levels are possible"
1887,engorgement,eating ravenously or voraciously to satiation
1888,enterokinase,enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
1889,enterolith,a calculus occurring in the intestines
1890,enteron,the alimentary canal (especially of an embryo or a coelenterate)
1891,entity,that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)
1892,entomion,the craniometric point at the tip of the angular part of the parietal bone that articulates with the temporal bone
1893,enuresis urinary_incontinence,inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination
1894,enzyme,any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
1895,ependyma,thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal
1896,epicanthus epicanthic_fold,a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; typical for many east Asian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome
1897,epicardia,the short part of the esophagus extending downward from the diaphragm to the stomach
1898,epicardium visceral_pericardium,the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
1899,epicondyle,a projection on a bone above a condyle serving for the attachment of muscles and ligaments
1900,epididymis,a convoluted tubule in each testis; carries sperm to vas deferens
1901,epigastric_artery arteria_epigastrica,one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen
1902,epigastric_vein,veins serving the anterior walls of the abdomen
1903,epigastrium,the region lying on or over the stomach (just below the sternum)
1904,epigenesis,a geological change in the mineral content of rock after the rock has formed
1905,epiglottis,a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
1906,epilation,loss of hair; the result of removing hair
1907,epiphenomenon,a secondary phenomenon that is a by-product of another phenomenon
1908,epiphysis,the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
1909,episcleral_veins venae_episclerales,small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins
1910,epithelium epithelial_tissue,membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body
1911,eponymy,the derivation of a general name from that of a famous person
1912,erectile_organ,an organ containing erectile tissue
1913,erectile_tissue,vascular tissue capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid
1914,ergotropism,an affinity for work
1915,erogenous_zone,any area of the body especially sensitive to sexual stimulation
1916,erosion,a gradual decline of something; "after the accounting scandal there was an erosion of confidence in the auditors"
1917,erosion eroding eating_away wearing wearing_away,(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)
1918,erythropoiesis,the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow
1919,erythropoietin,a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells
1920,esophageal_smear,alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the esophagus
1921,esophageal_veins oesophageal_veins venae_esophageae,small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins
1922,esophagus oesophagus gorge gullet,the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
1923,essential_oil volatile_oil,an oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings
1924,establishment ecesis,(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat
1925,estuary,the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix
1926,ethmoid ethmoid_bone,one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
1927,ethmoid_sinus ethmoidal_sinus sinus_ethmoidales,a sinus of the meatuses of the nasal cavity (behind the bridge of the nose)
1928,ethmoidal_artery arteria_ethmoidalis,a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule
1929,ethmoidal_vein vena_ethmoidalis,veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein
1930,ethyl ethyl_group ethyl_radical,the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom
1931,ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid EDTA,a complex molecule used medically to chelate metal ions in cases of lead or heavy metal poisoning
1932,eucalyptus_oil,an essential oil obtained from the leaves of eucalypts
1933,eupnea eupnoea,normal relaxed breathing
1934,eusporangium,a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells
1935,eutrophication,excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life; "he argued that the controlling factor in eutrophication is not nitrate but phosphate"
1936,event,a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
1937,evoked_potential,the electrical response of the central nervous system produced by an external stimulus; "he measured evoked potentials with an electroencephalogram"
1938,evolution organic_evolution phylogeny phylogenesis,(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
1939,exchange,chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
1940,excrescence,(pathology) an abnormal outgrowth or enlargement of some part of the body
1941,excretory_organ urinary_organ,an organ that separates waste substances from the blood and discharges them
1942,execution instruction_execution,(computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer
1943,exfoliation,the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin; "exfoliation is increased by sunburn"
1944,exhalation expiration breathing_out,the act of expelling air from the lungs
1945,exhibitionism immodesty,the perverse act of exposing and attracting attention to your own genitals
1946,exocrine_gland exocrine duct_gland,a gland that secretes externally through a duct
1947,exoergic_reaction,a nuclear reaction accompanied by the evolution of energy
1948,exonuclease,a nuclease that releases one nucleotide at a time (serially) beginning at one of a nucleic acid
1949,exoskeleton,the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
1950,exothermic_reaction,a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat
1951,expectoration,the process of coughing up and spitting out
1952,exponential_decay exponential_return,a decrease that follows an exponential function
1953,expression,(genetics) the process of expressing a gene
1954,extensor_muscle extensor,a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
1955,external_body_part,any body part visible externally
1956,external_carotid_artery external_carotid,the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head
1957,external_ear outer_ear,the part of the ear visible externally
1958,external_gill,occurs in some mollusks and in tadpoles and other immature amphibians
1959,external_iliac_artery,the outer branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; becomes the femoral artery
1960,external_iliac_vein,a continuation of the femoral vein; unites with the internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
1961,external_jugular_vein,formed by the junction of the posterior auricular and the retromandibular veins; empties into the subclavian vein
1962,external_nasal_vein vena_nasalis_externa,one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein
1963,external_oblique_muscle musculus_obliquus_externus_abdominis abdominal_external_oblique_muscle oblique,a diagonally arranged abdominal muscle on either side of the torso
1964,external_organ,an organ that is situated on or near the surface of the body
1965,exteroceptor,any receptor that responds to stimuli outside the body
1966,extinction,the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation
1967,extraction,the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
1968,extramarital_sex free_love,sexual intercourse between individuals who are not married to one another
1969,extravasation,the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine
1970,extremity,that part of a limb that is farthest from the torso
1971,extremity appendage member,an external body part that projects from the body; "it is important to keep the extremities warm"
1972,eye oculus optic,the organ of sight
1973,eye_socket orbit cranial_orbit orbital_cavity,the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
1974,eyeball orb,the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye
1975,eyelid lid palpebra,either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
1976,face,the part of an animal corresponding to the human face
1977,face human_face,the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news"
1978,facial facial_nerve nervus_facialis seventh_cranial_nerve,cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
1979,facial_artery arteria_facialis external_maxillary_artery,an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face
1980,facial_muscle,any of the skeletal muscles of the face
1981,facial_vein vena_facialis,any of several veins draining the face
1982,facilitation,(neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential
1983,fair_weather sunshine temperateness,moderate weather; suitable for outdoor activities
1984,falciform_ligament,a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall
1985,false_vocal_cord false_vocal_fold superior_vocal_cord ventricular_fold vestibular_fold,either of the upper two vocal cords that are not involved in vocalization
1986,fang,an appendage of insects that is capable of injecting venom; usually evolved from the legs
1987,fang,canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey
1988,fang,hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison
1989,farrow farrowing,the production of a litter of pigs
1990,fart farting flatus wind breaking_wind,a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus
1991,fascia facia,a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
1992,fat,a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
1993,fat_metabolism,a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body
1994,fata_morgana,a mirage in the Strait of Messina (attributed to the Arthurian sorcerer Morgan le Fay)
1995,fauces,the passage between the back of the mouth and the pharynx
1996,favus,a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
1997,feasting banqueting,eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)
1998,feature lineament,the characteristic parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin; "an expression of pleasure crossed his features"; "his lineaments were very regular"
1999,feedback,the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output
2000,feeder tributary confluent affluent,a branch that flows into the main stream
2001,feel,manual stimulation of the genital area for sexual pleasure; "the girls hated it when he tried to sneak a feel"
2002,feijoa pineapple_guava,dark-green kiwi-sized tropical fruit with white flesh; used chiefly for jellies and preserves
2003,fellatio fellation,oral stimulation of the penis
2004,female_chest bust,the chest of a woman
2005,female_genitalia female_genitals female_genital_organ fanny,external female sex organs; "in England `fanny' is vulgar slang for female genitals"
2006,female_internal_reproductive_organ,the reproductive organs of a woman
2007,female_reproductive_system,the reproductive system of females
2008,feminization feminisation,the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration
2009,femoral_artery arteria_femoralis,the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery
2010,femoral_nerve nervus_femoralis anterior_crural_nerve,one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh
2011,femoral_vein vena_femoralis,a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein
2012,femur thighbone femoris,the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee
2013,fenestra,a small opening covered with membrane (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)
2014,fenestra_ovalis fenestra_vestibuli oval_window fenestra_of_the_vestibule,fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
2015,fenestra_rotunda fenestra_cochleae round_window fenestra_of_the_cochlea,fenestra leading into the cochlea
2016,ferrimagnetism,a phenomenon in ferrites where there can be incomplete cancellation of antiferromagnetic arranged spins giving a net magnetic moment
2017,ferritin,a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body
2018,ferromagnetism,phenomenon exhibited by materials like iron (nickel or cobalt) that become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed
2019,fertilization_membrane,the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
2020,festering suppuration maturation,(medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus
2021,fetal_circulation foetal_circulation,the system of blood vessels and structures through which blood moves in a fetus
2022,fetal_membrane,any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment or respiration or excretion of a developing fetus
2023,fetishism fetichism,sexual arousal or gratification resulting from handling a fetish (or a specific part of the body other than the sexual organs)
2024,fetlock,projection behind and above a horse's hoof
2025,fetlock fetlock_joint,the joint between the cannon bone and the pastern
2026,fiber_bundle fibre_bundle fascicle fasciculus,a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)
2027,fibrin,a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets
2028,fibrinase factor_XIII,in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot
2029,fibrinogen factor_I,a protein present in blood plasma; converts to fibrin when blood clots
2030,fibrinolysis,a normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots; "drugs causing fibrinolysis have been utilized therapeutically"
2031,fibrocartilage,cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue
2032,fibrous_tissue,tissue consisting of or containing fibers in both animals and plants
2033,fibula calf_bone,the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
2034,field field_of_force force_field,the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it
2035,field_emission,the emission of electrons that are stripped from parent atoms by a high electric field
2036,field_pea,seed of the field pea plant
2037,fig,fleshy sweet pear-shaped yellowish or purple multiple fruit eaten fresh or preserved or dried
2038,filaggrin,the main protein of the keratohyalin granules; "the specific target of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is filaggrin"
2039,filament,the stalk of a stamen
2040,filament filum,a threadlike structure (as a chainlike series of cells)
2041,filing,a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
2042,filling,flow into something (as a container)
2043,filtration,the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium
2044,fimbria,thin projections forming a fringe (especially around the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube)
2045,fin,organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals
2046,fine_spray,precipitation in very small drops
2047,finger,any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb); "her fingers were long and thin"
2048,fingernail,the nail at the end of a finger
2049,fire flame flaming,the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
2050,firelight,the light of a fire (especially in a fireplace)
2051,firestorm,a storm in which violent winds are drawn into the column of hot air rising over a severely bombed area
2052,firth,a long narrow estuary (especially in Scotland)
2053,fish-liver_oil fish_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the livers of various fish
2054,fishbone,a bone of a fish
2055,fishpond,a freshwater pond with fish
2056,fission,reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts
2057,fission nuclear_fission,a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
2058,fissiparity,reproduction of some multicellular organisms by division, as in the case of some starfish
2059,fissure,(anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes
2060,fissure_of_Rolando Rolando's_fissure central_sulcus sulcus_centralis,a brain fissure extending upward on the lateral surface of both hemispheres; separates the frontal and parietal lobes
2061,fissure_of_Sylvius Sylvian_fissure lateral_cerebral_sulcus sulcus_lateralis_cerebri,the deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in both hemispheres
2062,fist clenched_fist,a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)
2063,fistula sinus,an abnormal passage leading from a suppurating cavity to the body surface
2064,fixation fixing,(histology) the preservation and hardening of a tissue sample to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body
2065,fixed-cycle_operation,an operation that is completed in a specified number of regularly timed execution cycles
2066,fixed_oil fatty_oil,nonvolatile animal or plant oil
2067,fjord fiord,a long narrow inlet of the sea between steep cliffs; common in Norway
2068,flab,loose or flaccid body fat
2069,flag,a conspicuously marked or shaped tail
2070,flagellum,a lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa)
2071,flame_cell,organ of excretion in flatworms
2072,flame_tokay,purplish-red table grape
2073,flank,the side between ribs and hipbone
2074,flap,a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body
2075,flare,a sudden burst of flame
2076,flare,am unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection)
2077,flash_flood flashflood,a sudden local flood of great volume and short duration
2078,flashover,an unintended electric discharge (as over or around an insulator)
2079,flatfoot splayfoot pes_planus,a foot afflicted with a fallen arch; abnormally flattened and spread out
2080,flesh,the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat
2081,flexor_muscle flexor,a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint
2082,flipper,the flat broad limb of aquatic animals specialized for swimming
2083,floating-point_operation flop,an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers; "this computer can perform a million flops per second"
2084,flocculation,the process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations
2085,flood inundation deluge alluvion,the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land; "plains fertilized by annual inundations"
2086,floodhead,a wall of water rushing ahead of the flood; "we were lucky to be safe when the floodheads hit"
2087,floor_wax,a preparation containing wax and used to polish and preserve the finish of floors
2088,flotation floatation,the phenomenon of floating (remaining on the surface of a liquid without sinking)
2089,flow,any uninterrupted stream or discharge
2090,flowage,a body of water that has been created by deliberately flooding an area; "many campsites were located near the flowage"
2091,flowage,gradual internal motion or deformation of a solid body (as by heat); "rock fracture and rock flowage are different types of geological deformation"
2092,flower_bud,a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop
2093,fluke,either of the two lobes of the tail of a cetacean
2094,fluorescence,light emitted during absorption of radiation of some other (invisible) wavelength
2095,flurry snow_flurry,a light brief snowfall and gust of wind (or something resembling that); "he had to close the window against the flurries"; "there was a flurry of chicken feathers"
2096,focalization focalisation,the confinement of an infection to a limited area
2097,fog,droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground
2098,fog fogginess murk murkiness,an atmosphere in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of some substance
2099,fogbank,a large mass of fog on the sea (as seen from a distance)
2100,fohn foehn,a warm dry wind that blows down the northern slopes of the Alps
2101,fold folding,a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock
2102,fold plica,a folded part (as in skin or muscle)
2103,foliation,(geology) the arrangement of leaflike layers in a rock
2104,foliation leafing,(botany) the process of forming leaves
2105,follicle,any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity
2106,fontanelle fontanel soft_spot,any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus
2107,food_chain,(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member
2108,food_pyramid,(ecology) a hierarchy of food chains with the principal predator at the top; each level preys on the level below
2109,food_web food_cycle,(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
2110,foot human_foot pes,the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot"
2111,foot invertebrate_foot,any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates
2112,force,(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; "force equals mass times acceleration"
2113,ford crossing,a shallow area in a stream that can be forded
2114,forearm,the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist
2115,forebrain prosencephalon,the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
2116,forefoot,a front foot of a quadruped
2117,foreground_processing foregrounding,the execution of a program that preempts the use of the processing system
2118,foreleg,the forelimb of a quadruped
2119,forelimb,the front limb (or the homologous structure in other animals, such as a flipper or wing)
2120,forepaw,front paw; analogous to the human hand
2121,foreplay arousal stimulation,mutual sexual fondling prior to sexual intercourse
2122,foreshock,a tremor preceding an earthquake
2123,forewing fore-wing fore_wing,either of the anterior pair of wings on an insect that has four wings
2124,forked_lightning chain_lightning,a form of lightning that moves rapidly in a zigzag path with one end divided (fork-like)
2125,formation,natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
2126,fornication,voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other
2127,fornix,generally any arch shaped structure (but often it refers to the arched roof of an anatomical space)
2128,fornix trigonum_cerebrale,an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
2129,foryml,(chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes
2130,fossilization fossilisation,the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone
2131,fossorial_foot,foot adapted for digging as in moles
2132,fourth_ventricle,an irregular ventricle between the third ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord
2133,fovea fovea_centralis,area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute
2134,fox_grape,purplish-black wild grape of the eastern United States with tough skins that slip easily from the flesh; cultivated in many varieties
2135,fractional_distillation,fractionation of a liquid by distillation
2136,fractionation fractional_process,a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components
2137,fragment,a piece broken off or cut off of something else; "a fragment of rock"
2138,fragmentation,(computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk; "fragmentation slows system performance because it takes extra time to locate and assemble the parts of the fragmented file"
2139,free_central_placentation,where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only
2140,freestone,fruit (especially peach) whose flesh does not adhere to the pit
2141,freeze freezing,the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid
2142,freeze frost,weather cold enough to cause freezing
2143,freeze-drying lyophilization lyophilisation,a method of drying food or blood plasma or pharmaceuticals or tissue without destroying their physical structure; material is frozen and then warmed in a vacuum so that the ice sublimes
2144,fresh_breeze,wind moving 19-24 knots; 5 on the Beaufort scale
2145,fresh_gale,wind moving 39-46 knots; 8 on the Beaufort scale
2146,freshener,anything that freshens
2147,friar's_lantern ignis_fatuus jack-o'-lantern will-o'-the-wisp,a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground
2148,friction rubbing,the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another
2149,frill,(paleontology) a bony plate that curves upward behind the skull of many ceratopsian dinosaurs
2150,frill ruff,an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal
2151,fringe interference_fringe,one of the light or dark bands produced by the interference and diffraction of light
2152,front,(meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses
2153,front_tooth anterior,a tooth situated at the front of the mouth; "his malocclusion was caused by malposed anteriors"
2154,frontal_bone os_frontale forehead,the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the orbits
2155,frontal_gyrus,any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
2156,frontal_lobe frontal_cortex,that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying directly behind the forehead
2157,frontal_sinus,one of a pair of cavities in the frontal bone
2158,frontal_suture sutura_frontalis,the suture between two halves of the frontal bone (usually obliterated by the age of 6)
2159,frost icing,the formation of frost or ice on a surface
2160,frost_heave frost_heaving,upthrust of ground or pavement caused by the freezing of moist soil
2161,frottage,masturbation by rubbing against another person (as in a crowd)
2162,fructification,the bearing of fruit
2163,fructose fruit_sugar levulose laevulose,a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits
2164,fruit,the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
2165,fruitlet,a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit
2166,fuck fucking screw screwing ass nooky nookie piece_of_ass piece_of_tail roll_in_the_hay shag shtup,slang for sexual intercourse
2167,fuel_oil heating_oil,a petroleum product used for fuel
2168,fug,(British informal) an airless smoky smelly atmosphere
2169,fundus,(anatomy) the base of a hollow organ or that part of the organ farthest from its opening; "the uterine fundus"; "the fundus of the stomach"
2170,fungal_infection mycosis,an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
2171,funicle funiculus,the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
2172,funiculus,any of several body structure resembling a cord
2173,funny_bone crazy_bone,a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone; "the funny bone is not humerus"
2174,furcula,a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds
2175,fusel_oil,a mixture of amyl alcohols and propanol and butanol formed from distillation of fermented liquors
2176,fusion,the merging of adjacent sounds or syllables or words
2177,fusion nuclear_fusion nuclear_fusion_reaction,a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
2178,galactose brain_sugar,a simple sugar found in lactose
2179,galactosis,the secretion of milk
2180,gale,a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale
2181,gall,abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
2182,gallbladder gall_bladder,a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion
2183,gallstone bilestone,a calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts
2184,galvanic_skin_response GSR psychogalvanic_response electrodermal_response electrical_skin_response Fere_phenomenon Tarchanoff_phenomenon,a change in the electrical properties of the skin in response to stress or anxiety; can be measured either by recording the electrical resistance of the skin or by recording weak currents generated by the body
2185,galvanism,electricity produced by chemical action
2186,galvanization galvanisation,stimulation with a galvanic current
2187,gametangium,cell or organ in which gametes develop
2188,gametoecium,gametangia and surrounding bracts
2189,gametogenesis,the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis
2190,gametophore,a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
2191,gamma_globulin human_gamma_globulin,a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses
2192,gamma_radiation gamma_ray,electromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength
2193,ganglion,an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
2194,garambulla,small berrylike fruit
2195,garden_pea,the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
2196,gas gaseous_state,the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily; and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container
2197,gas_oil,an oil formed through distillation of petroleum of intermediate boiling range and viscosity
2198,gas_pressure,the pressure exerted by a gas
2199,gasification,the process of changing into gas; "coal gas is produced by the gasification of coal"
2200,gaskin,lower part of a horse's thigh between the hock and the stifle
2201,gaslight,light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas
2202,gasp pant,a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open; "she gave a gasp and fainted"
2203,gassing,the process of interacting with gas
2204,gastric_artery arteria_gastrica,the arteries that supply the walls of the stomach
2205,gastric_digestion,the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juice in the stomach
2206,gastric_smear,alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the stomach
2207,gastric_vein vena_gastrica,one of several veins draining the stomach walls
2208,gastrocnemius gastrocnemius_muscle,the muscle in the back part of the leg that forms the greater part of the calf; responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot
2209,gastroomental_vein gastroepiploic_vein vena_gastroomentalis,one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach
2210,gastrulation,the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
2211,gelatin gelatine,a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin
2212,gemma,small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
2213,gene_expression,conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein
2214,generation multiplication propagation,the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production
2215,genicular_vein vena_genus,veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein
2216,geniculate_body,one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex
2217,genip Spanish_lime,round one-inch Caribbean fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp; eaten like grapes
2218,genipap genipap_fruit,a succulent orange-sized tropical fruit with a thick rind
2219,genitalia genital_organ genitals private_parts privates crotch,external sex organ
2220,gentle_breeze,wind moving 8-12 knots; 3 on the Beaufort scale
2221,geocentric_parallax diurnal_parallax,the parallax of a celestial body using two points on the surface of the earth as the earth rotates
2222,geode,(mineralogy) a hollow rock or nodule with the cavity usually lined with crystals
2223,geological_phenomenon,a natural phenomenon involving the structure or composition of the earth
2224,geological_process geologic_process,(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified
2225,geothermal_energy,energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth
2226,geotropism,an orienting response to gravity
2227,germ,a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism
2228,germ_layer,(embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation
2229,germination sprouting,the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow
2230,gill branchia,respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water
2231,gill_arch branchial_arch gill_bar,one of the bony or cartilaginous arches on each side of the pharynx that support the gills of fishes and aquatic amphibians
2232,gill_slit branchial_cleft gill_cleft,one of a series of slit openings in the pharynxes of fishes and aquatic amphibians through which water passes
2233,gingiva gum,the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
2234,ginseng,aromatic root of ginseng plants
2235,girdle,an encircling or ringlike structure
2236,gizzard ventriculus gastric_mill,thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food
2237,glabella mesophyron,a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges
2238,glacial_boulder,a boulder that has been carried by a glacier to a place far distant from its place of origin
2239,glaciation,the process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice
2240,gladiolus corpus_sternum,the large central part of the breastbone
2241,gland secretory_organ secretor secreter,any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream
2242,glans,a small rounded structure; especially that at the end of the penis or clitoris
2243,glans_clitoridis,small mass of erectile tissue at the end of the body of the clitoris
2244,glans_penis,the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis
2245,gleba,fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn
2246,glenoid_fossa glenoid_cavity,the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint
2247,glenoid_fossa mandibular_fossa,a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible
2248,gliding_joint articulatio_plana,a freely moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions
2249,global_warming,an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
2250,globalization globalisation,growth to a global or worldwide scale; "the globalization of the communication industry"
2251,globin hematohiston haematohiston,a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells
2252,globulin,a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed
2253,glochidium glochid,a barbed spine or bristle (often tufted on cacti)
2254,glomerulus,a small intertwined group of capillaries in the malpighian body; it filters the blood during urine formation
2255,glossopharyngeal_nerve nervus_glossopharyngeus ninth_cranial_nerve,sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion
2256,glottis,the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated
2257,glow,a steady even light without flames
2258,glucosamine,an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides
2259,glucose,a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy
2260,glutamic_oxalacetic_transaminase glutamic_oxaloacetic_transaminase,an enzyme involved in transamination
2261,glutathione_peroxidase,an enzyme in the body that is a powerful scavenger of free radicals
2262,gluteal_artery arteria_glutes,branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region
2263,gluteal_vein vena_gluteus,veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body
2264,glutelin,a simple protein found in the seeds of cereals
2265,gluten,a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough
2266,gluteus gluteus_muscle gluteal_muscle glute,any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh
2267,gluteus_maximus,the outermost of the three gluteal muscles
2268,gluteus_medius,the middle of the three gluteal muscles
2269,gluteus_minimus,the innermost of the three gluteal muscles
2270,glyceride acylglycerol,an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
2271,glyceryl,a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals
2272,glycogen animal_starch,one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body
2273,glycogenesis,the formation in animals of glycogen from glucose
2274,glycolysis,a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP
2275,glycoprotein,a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component
2276,gnathion,the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline
2277,gonad sex_gland,a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced
2278,gondang_wax fig_wax,a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree
2279,gonion,the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw
2280,good_luck fluke good_fortune,a stroke of luck
2281,good_weather,weather suitable for outdoor activities
2282,goose_grease,grease derived from geese
2283,gooseberry,currant-like berry used primarily in jams and jellies
2284,gourd,any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds
2285,graft transplant,(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
2286,grain caryopsis,dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn
2287,granadilla,the egg-shaped edible fruit of tropical American vines related to passionflowers
2288,granulation granulation_tissue,new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
2289,grape,any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters
2290,grapefruit,large yellow fruit with somewhat acid juicy pulp; usual serving consists of a half
2291,gravitational_field,a field of force surrounding a body of finite mass
2292,gravitational_interaction,a weak interaction between particles that results from their mass; mediated by gravitons
2293,gravity gravitation gravitational_attraction gravitational_force,(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; "the more remote the body the less the gravity"; "the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them"; "gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love"--Albert Einstein
2294,gravity-assist,(spaceflight) a trajectory that passes close to a planetary body in order to gain energy from its gravitational field
2295,graze grazing,the act of grazing
2296,grease lubricating_oil,a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)
2297,great_cerebral_vein vena_cerebri_magna,a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus
2298,greater_omentum gastrocolic_omentum caul,part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines
2299,green_gland,one of a pair of glands (believed to have excretory functions) in some crustaceans near the base of the large antennae
2300,green_olive,olives picked green and pickled in brine; infrequently stuffed with e.g. pimento
2301,greengage greengage_plum,sweet green or greenish-yellow variety of plum
2302,greenhouse_effect greenhouse_warming,warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere; caused by atmospheric gases that allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the warmed surface of the earth
2303,grey_matter gray_matter grey_substance gray_substance substantia_grisea,greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons
2304,grinding abrasion attrition detrition,the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice
2305,grip traction adhesive_friction,the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)
2306,groin inguen,the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals
2307,groove vallecula,(anatomy) any furrow or channel on a bodily structure or part
2308,ground_effect,apparent increase in aerodynamic lift experienced by an aircraft flying close to the ground
2309,ground_wave,a radio wave propagated on or near the earth's surface
2310,groundnut potato_bean wild_bean,nutlike tuber; important food of Native Americans
2311,group radical chemical_group,(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule
2312,growth,a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
2313,growth growing maturation development ontogeny ontogenesis,(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children"
2314,growth_factor,a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth
2315,grugru_nut,nut of Brazilian or West Indian palms
2316,guava,tropical fruit having yellow skin and pink pulp; eaten fresh or used for e.g. jellies
2317,gulf,an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay
2318,gulp draft draught swig,a large and hurried swallow; "he finished it at a single gulp"
2319,gulp gulping,a spasmodic reflex of the throat made as if in swallowing
2320,gulping swilling guzzling,the drinking of large mouthfuls rapidly
2321,gun_smoke,smoke created by the firing of guns
2322,gust blast blow,a strong current of air; "the tree was bent almost double by the gust"
2323,gut,a narrow channel or strait
2324,gynobase,the enlarged receptacle in which the pistil is borne
2325,gynoecium,a female gametoecium
2326,gynogenesis,female parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only maternal chromosomes due to the failure of the sperm to fuse with the egg nucleus
2327,gynophore,the stalk of a pistil that raises it above the receptacle
2328,gyrus convolution,a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain
2329,habit,the general form or mode of growth (especially of a plant or crystal); "a shrub of spreading habit"
2330,hagberry,small cherry much liked by birds
2331,hail,precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents
2332,hailstorm,a storm during which hail falls
2333,hair,a filamentous projection or process on an organism
2334,hair fuzz tomentum,filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; "peach fuzz"
2335,hair pilus,any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; "there is a hair in my soup"
2336,hair_follicle,a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair; small muscles and sebaceous glands are associated with them
2337,hairball hair_ball trichobezoar,a compact mass of hair that forms in the alimentary canal (especially in the stomach of animals as a result of licking fur)
2338,half-light,a greyish light (as at dawn or dusk or in dim interiors)
2339,half-moon lunula lunule,the crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail
2340,halibut-liver_oil,a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A
2341,halo,a circle of light around the sun or moon
2342,halter haltere balancer,either of the rudimentary hind wings of dipterous insects; used for maintaining equilibrium during flight
2343,hamate hamate_bone unciform_bone os_hamatum,the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers
2344,hammertoe,a deformed toe which is bent in a clawlike arch
2345,hamstring hamstring_tendon,one of the tendons at the back of the knee
2346,hand,terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); "the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting"- Springfield (Mass.) Union
2347,hand manus mitt paw,the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; "he had the hands of a surgeon"; "he extended his mitt"
2348,hangnail agnail,a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
2349,hank_panky,illicit sexual intercourse
2350,haptoglobin,a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)
2351,hardening solidifying solidification set curing,the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization; "the hardening of concrete"; "he tested the set of the glue"
2352,harmattan,a dusty wind from the Sahara that blows toward the western coast of Africa during the winter
2353,harvest,the consequence of an effort or activity; "they gathered a harvest of examples"; "a harvest of love"
2354,hatch hatching,the production of young from an egg
2355,haulm halm,stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
2356,haunch,the hip and buttock and upper thigh in human beings
2357,haunch,the loin and leg of a quadruped
2358,haustorium,a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host
2359,haw,the nictitating membrane of a horse
2360,hawk_nose,a nose curved downward like the beak of a hawk
2361,haze,atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility
2362,hazelnut filbert cobnut cob,nut of any of several trees of the genus Corylus
2363,head,that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves
2364,head,the pressure exerted by a fluid; "a head of steam"
2365,head,the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus"
2366,head caput,the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window"
2367,head_sea,a sea in which the waves are running directly against the course of the ship
2368,headstream,a stream that forms the source of a river
2369,headwind,wind blowing opposite to the path of a ship or aircraft
2370,healing,the natural process by which the body repairs itself
2371,heart pump ticker,the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; "he stood still, his heart thumping wildly"
2372,heart_cherry oxheart oxheart_cherry,large heart-shaped sweet cherry with soft flesh
2373,heart_valve cardiac_valve,a valve to control one-way flow of blood
2374,heat heat_energy,a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
2375,heat_dissipation,dissipation of heat
2376,heat_of_condensation,heat liberated by a unit mass of gas at its boiling point as it condenses into a liquid; "the heat of condensation is equal to the heat of vaporization"
2377,heat_of_dissociation,the heat required for a fluid substance to break up into simpler constituents
2378,heat_of_formation,the heat evolved or absorbed during the formation of one mole of a substance from its component elements
2379,heat_of_fusion,heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature; "the heat of fusion is equal to the heat of solidification"
2380,heat_of_solidification,heat liberated by a unit mass of liquid at its freezing point when it solidifies
2381,heat_of_solution,the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent
2382,heat_of_sublimation,heat absorbed by a unit mass of material when it changes from a solid to a gaseous state
2383,heat_of_vaporization heat_of_vaporisation,heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the material into a gas at the same temperature
2384,heat_ray,a ray that produces a thermal effect
2385,heat_sink,a metal conductor specially designed to conduct (and radiate) heat
2386,heat_wave,a wave of unusually hot weather
2387,heating warming,the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature
2388,heel,the back part of the human foot
2389,heelbone calcaneus os_tarsi_fibulare,the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel
2390,heliocentric_parallax annual_parallax,the parallax of a celestial body using two points in the earth's orbit around the sun as the baseline
2391,heliotropism,an orienting response to the sun
2392,hemagglutination haemagglutination,agglutination of red blood cells
2393,hemal_arch haemal_arch,a structure arising ventrally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the caudal blood vessels
2394,hematemesis haematemesis,vomiting blood
2395,hematochezia haematochezia,passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer)
2396,hematopoiesis haematopoiesis hemopoiesis haemopoiesis hemogenesis haemogenesis hematogenesis haematogenesis sanguification,the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)
2397,hemimetamorphosis hemimetabolism hemimetaboly,incomplete or partial metamorphosis in insects
2398,hemisphere cerebral_hemisphere,either half of the cerebrum
2399,hemizygos_vein hemizygous_vein vena_hemizygos,a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein
2400,hemoglobin haemoglobin Hb,a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; "fish have simpler hemoglobin than mammals"
2401,hemolysis haemolysis hematolysis haematolysis,lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin
2402,hemoprotein haemoprotein,a conjugated protein linked to a compound of iron and porphyrin
2403,hemorrhoidal_vein rectal_vein vena_rectalis,any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum
2404,heparin Lipo-Hepin Liquaemin,a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibits the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; it (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis and in heart surgery
2405,hepatic_artery arteria_hepatica,arteries that supply the liver
2406,hepatic_duct,the duct that drains bile from the liver
2407,hepatic_lobe,any of the five lobes forming the liver
2408,hepatic_vein vena_hepatica,a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava
2409,heredity,the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
2410,heterocercal_fin,a tail fin with unequal lobes in which the vertebral column turns upward into the larger lobe as in sharks
2411,heterocyclic_ring heterocycle,a ring of atoms of more than one kind; especially a ring of carbon atoms containing at least one atom that is not carbon
2412,heterodactyl_foot,a bird's foot having the first and second toes of each foot directed backward and the third and fourth forward
2413,heterograft xenograft,tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
2414,heterometabolism heterometaboly,development of insects with incomplete metamorphosis in which no pupal stage precedes maturity
2415,heterophil_antibody heterophile_antibody Forssman_antibody,an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis
2416,heterosexuality heterosexualism straightness,a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the opposite sex
2417,heterospory,the development of both microspores and megaspores
2418,hexose,a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule
2419,hiccup hiccough singultus,(usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; "how do you cure the hiccups?"
2420,hickory_nut,small hard-shelled nut of North American hickory trees especially the shagbark hickories
2421,high,an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high"
2422,high-density_lipoprotein HDL alpha-lipoprotein,a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
2423,high_beam,the beam of a car's headlights that provides distant illumination
2424,high_sea international_waters,the open seas of the world outside the territorial waters of any nation
2425,high_wind,a very strong wind; "rain and high winds covered the region"
2426,hilus hilum,(anatomy) a depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or ducts enter a bodily organ; "the hilus of the kidney"
2427,hind_leg,the back limb of a quadruped
2428,hind_limb hindlimb,a posterior appendage such as a leg or the homologous structure in other animals
2429,hindbrain rhombencephalon,the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and brainstem
2430,hindfoot,a rear foot of a quadruped
2431,hindgut,the caudal part of the alimentary canal in vertebrate embryos
2432,hindquarters croup croupe rump,the part of an animal that corresponds to the human buttocks
2433,hinge_joint ginglymus ginglymoid_joint,a freely moving joint in which the bones are so articulated as to allow extensive movement in one plane
2434,hip,either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh
2435,hip hip_joint coxa articulatio_coxae,the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
2436,hip rose_hip rosehip,the fruit of a rose plant
2437,hip_socket,the socket part of the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the innominate bone
2438,hipbone innominate_bone,large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis
2439,hippocampus,a complex neural structure (shaped like a sea horse) consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle; intimately involved in motivation and emotion as part of the limbic system; has a central role in the formation of memories
2440,histaminase,enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
2441,histocompatibility,condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue; "a successful graft or transplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility"
2442,histone,a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids
2443,hock hock-joint,tarsal joint of the hind leg of hoofed mammals; corresponds to the human ankle
2444,hog_plum wild_plum,fruit of the wild plum of southern United States
2445,hog_plum yellow_mombin,yellow oval tropical fruit
2446,holometabolism holometaboly,complete metamorphosis in insects
2447,homocercal_fin,symmetrical tail fin extending beyond the end of the vertebral column as in most bony fishes
2448,homograft allograft,tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft
2449,homosexuality homosexualism homoeroticism queerness gayness,a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex
2450,homospory,the development of a single kind of asexual spores
2451,honeydew honeydew_melon,the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large smooth greenish-white melon with pale green flesh
2452,hood,(zoology) an expandable part or marking that resembles a hood on the head or neck of an animal
2453,hoof,the foot of an ungulate mammal
2454,hoof,the horny covering of the end of the foot in ungulate mammals
2455,hooks meat_hooks maulers,large strong hand (as of a fighter); "wait till I get my hooks on him"
2456,horizontal_parallax,the maximum parallax observed when the celestial body is at the horizon
2457,horn,any hard protuberance from the head of an organism that is similar to or suggestive of a horn
2458,horn,one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates
2459,horny_structure unguis,any rigid body structure composed primarily of keratin
2460,horror,something that inspires horror; something horrible; "the painting that others found so beautiful was a horror to him"
2461,horse's_foot,the hoof of a horse
2462,horseback,the back of a horse
2463,horsepond,a pond for watering horses
2464,horseradish horseradish_root,the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning
2465,horseradish_peroxidase,an enzyme used in immunohistochemistry to label antigens and their antibodies
2466,hot_weather,a period of unusually high temperatures
2467,huckleberry,blue-black berry similar to blueberries and bilberries of the eastern United States
2468,human_head,the head of a human being
2469,human_process,a process in which human beings are involved
2470,humerus,bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
2471,humification,the process of the formation of humus from plant remains
2472,humoral_immune_response,an immune response (chiefly against bacterial invasion) that is mediated by B cells
2473,hunk lump,a large piece of something without definite shape; "a hunk of bread"; "a lump of coal"
2474,hurricane,a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving at 63-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)
2475,hyaline_cartilage,translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton
2476,hyaloid_membrane hyaloid,the transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina
2477,hyaluronic_acid,a viscous mucopolysaccharide found in the connective tissue space and the synovial fluid of movable joints and the humors of the eye; a cementing and protective substance
2478,hyaluronidase spreading_factor Hyazyme,an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
2479,hybridization hybridisation crossbreeding crossing cross interbreeding hybridizing,(genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids
2480,hydnocarpus_oil,oil from seeds of trees of the genus Hydnocarpus especially Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia)
2481,hydration,the process of combining with water; usually reversible
2482,hydrazo_group hydrazo_radical,the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine
2483,hydrocracking,the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
2484,hydroelectricity,electricity produced by water power
2485,hydrogen_bond,a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond
2486,hydrogenation,a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil; "food producers use hydrogenation to keep fat from becoming rancid"
2487,hydrolysis,a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water
2488,hydrostatic_head,the pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure
2489,hydroxyl hydroxyl_group hydroxyl_radical,the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols
2490,hydroxymethyl,a methyl with hydroxide replacing the hydrogen atoms
2491,hymen maidenhead virginal_membrane,a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
2492,hymenium,spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
2493,hyoid hyoid_bone os_hyoideum,a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles
2494,hyperemesis,severe and excessive vomiting
2495,hyperemesis_gravidarum,hyperemesis during pregnancy; if severe it can result in damage to the brain and liver and kidney
2496,hyperhidrosis hyperidrosis polyhidrosis,excessive and profuse perspiration
2497,hyperpnea,energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders
2498,hypersecretion,excessive secretion
2499,hypertonicity,(of a solution) the extent to which a solution has a higher osmotic pressure than some other
2500,hyperventilation,an increased depth and rate of breathing greater than demanded by the body needs; can cause dizziness and tingling of the fingers and toes and chest pain if continued
2501,hypochondrium,the upper region of the abdomen just below the lowest ribs on either side of the epigastrium
2502,hypodermis,layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g. arthropods
2503,hypogastric_plexus plexus_hypogastricus,a plexus of nerves serving the pelvic viscera
2504,hypogastric_vein internal_iliac_vein,a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
2505,hypoglossal hypoglossal_nerve nervus_hypoglosus twelfth_cranial_nerve,supplies intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other tongue muscles
2506,hypophyseal_stalk,the funnel-shaped stalk connecting the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
2507,hypopnea,slow or shallow breathing
2508,hypostasis,the accumulation of blood in an organ
2509,hypostasis epistasis,the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene
2510,hypothalamus,a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
2511,hypotonicity,(of a solution) the extent to which a solution has a lower osmotic pressure than some other
2512,hyssop_oil,used chiefly in liqueurs
2513,hysteresis,the lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field
2514,ice_fog pogonip,a dense winter fog containing ice particles
2515,ice_storm silver_storm,a storm with freezing rain that leaves everything glazed with ice
2516,idealization idealisation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad
2517,ignition,the process of initiating combustion or catching fire
2518,ilama,whitish tropical fruit with a pinkish tinge related to custard apples; grown in the southern United States
2519,ilang-ilang,oil distilled from flowers of the ilang-ilang tree; used in perfumery
2520,ileal_artery intestinal_artery arteria_ileum,branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum
2521,ileocecal_valve,valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine; prevents material from flowing back from the large to the small intestine
2522,ileocolic_artery arteria_ileocolica,an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon
2523,ileocolic_vein vena_ileocolica,a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon
2524,ileum,the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum
2525,iliac_artery arteria_iliaca,one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs
2526,iliac_vein vena_iliaca,one of three veins draining the pelvic area
2527,iliolumbar_artery arteria_iliolumbalis,an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones
2528,iliolumbar_vein vena_iliolumbalis,a branch of the internal iliac vein
2529,ilium,the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
2530,imbibition,(chemistry) the absorption of a liquid by a solid or gel
2531,immune_response immune_reaction immunologic_response,a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
2532,immune_system,a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response
2533,immunoelectrophoresis,electrophoresis to separate antigens and antibodies
2534,immunoglobulin Ig immune_serum_globulin immune_gamma_globulin immune_globulin,a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response
2535,immunoglobulin_A IgA,one of the most common of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the chief antibody in the membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
2536,immunoglobulin_D IgD,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present in blood serum in small amounts
2537,immunoglobulin_E IgE,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present primarily in the skin and mucous membranes
2538,immunoglobulin_G IgG,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the main antibody defense against bacteria
2539,immunoglobulin_M IgM,one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; involved in fighting blood infections and in triggering production of immunoglobulin G
2540,impact wallop,a forceful consequence; a strong effect; "the book had an important impact on my thinking"; "the book packs a wallop"
2541,imperforate_anus,a congenital defect of the anus; there is partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening
2542,imperforate_hymen,hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out
2543,implantation nidation,(embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals
2544,impregnation saturation,the process of totally saturating something with a substance; "the impregnation of wood with preservative"; "the saturation of cotton with ether"
2545,inactivation,the process of rendering inactive; "the gene inactivation system"; "thermal inactivation of serum samples"
2546,inbreeding,the act of mating closely related individuals
2547,incandescence glow,the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised
2548,incest,sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry (as between a parent and a child)
2549,incidence,the striking of a light beam on a surface; "he measured the angle of incidence of the reflected light"
2550,incisor,a tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth in both jaws
2551,incompetent_cervix,(obstetrics) uterine cervix that becomes dilated before term and without labor often resulting in miscarriage or premature birth
2552,incontinence incontinency,involuntary urination or defecation
2553,increase increment growth,a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population"
2554,incrustation encrustation,the formation of a crust
2555,incus anvil,the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
2556,index index_finger forefinger,the finger next to the thumb
2557,induction inductance,an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current
2558,induction_heating,the heating of a conducting material caused by an electric current induced in it
2559,industrial_process,a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something
2560,indweller,activation by an inner spirit or force or principle; "the Holy Spirit is the indweller of the church and its members"
2561,inertia,(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
2562,inessential nonessential,anything that is not essential; "they discarded all their inessentials"
2563,infection,(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
2564,infection,(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
2565,inferior_alveolar_artery arteria_alveolaris_inferior,the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth
2566,inferior_cerebellar_artery,the inferior branch of the cerebellar artery
2567,inferior_cerebral_vein venae_cerebrum_inferior,veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses
2568,inferior_colliculus,an essential auditory center in the midbrain
2569,inferior_epigastric_vein vena_epigastrica_inferior,empties into the external iliac vein
2570,inferior_labial_artery arteria_labialis_inferior,an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip
2571,inferior_labial_vein vena_labialis_inferior,a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip
2572,inferior_mesenteric_artery,arises near the lower end of the aorta and supplies the large intestine
2573,inferior_ophthalmic_vein,a vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socket
2574,inferior_pulmonary_vein vena_pulmanalis_inferior,either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs
2575,inferior_rectus_muscle inferior_rectus rectus_inferior,the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and medially
2576,inferior_thalamostriate_vein striate_vein,tributaries to the basal vein
2577,inferior_thyroid_vein,any of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate vein
2578,inferior_vena_cava postcava,receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins
2579,inflation rising_prices,a general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money"
2580,inflationary_spiral,an episode of inflation in which prices and wages increase at an increasing rate and currency rapidly loses value
2581,infliximab Remicade,a monoclonal antibody (trade name Remicade) used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; administered by infusion; use and dosage must be determined by a physician
2582,inflow influx,the process of flowing in
2583,influence,the effect of one thing (or person) on another; "the influence of mechanical action"
2584,infraorbital_artery arteria_infraorbitalis,an artery that originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)
2585,infrared infrared_light infrared_radiation infrared_emission,electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves
2586,infrared_ray,a ray of infrared radiation; produces a thermal effect (as from an infrared lamp)
2587,infructescence,the fruiting stage of the inflorescence
2588,infundibulum,any of various funnel-shaped parts of the body (but especially the hypophyseal stalk)
2589,infusion,the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)
2590,ingrown_hair,a hair that does not emerge from the follicle but remains embedded in the skin (usually causing inflammation)
2591,ingrown_toenail onyxis,toenail having its free tip or edges embedded in the surrounding flesh
2592,inguinal_canal canalis_inguinalis,oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall; in males it is the passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and it contains the spermatic cord; in females it transmits the round ligament of the uterus
2593,inhalation inspiration aspiration intake breathing_in,the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air (or other gases) as in breathing
2594,inhibition,(physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; "the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve"
2595,inion,the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)
2596,inlet recess,an arm off of a larger body of water (often between rocky headlands)
2597,inner_ear internal_ear labyrinth,a complex system of interconnecting cavities; concerned with hearing and equilibrium
2598,innominate_artery,a large artery arising from the arch of the aorta and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies the right side of the neck and head and the right shoulder and arm
2599,inpouring inpour inrush,an inflow; "an inpouring of spiritual comfort"
2600,insemination,the introduction of semen into the genital tract of a female
2601,insolation,incident solar radiation
2602,inspissation,the process of thickening by dehydration
2603,instep,the arch of the foot
2604,insufflation,(medicine) blowing air or medicated powder into the lungs (or into some other body cavity)
2605,insufflation,an act of blowing or breathing on or into something
2606,integrated_data_processing IDP,automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system
2607,integumentary_system,the skin and its appendages
2608,intellectualization intellectualisation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that uses reasoning to block out emotional stress and conflict
2609,interaction fundamental_interaction,(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons
2610,intercapitular_vein vena_intercapitalis,veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot
2611,intercostal intercostal_muscle musculus_intercostalis,muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration
2612,intercostal_artery arteria_intercostalis,several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
2613,intercostal_vein vena_intercostalis,several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
2614,interfacial_tension interfacial_surface_tension,surface tension at the surface separating two non-miscible liquids
2615,interleukin,any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system
2616,intermaxillary_suture sutura_intermaxillaris,the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone
2617,intermediate_temporal_artery arteria_temporalis_intermedia,temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
2618,internal_carotid_artery,the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the brain and eyes and internal parts of the head
2619,internal_cerebral_vein vena_cerebrum_internus,two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein
2620,internal_combustion,the combustion of fuel inside a cylinder (as in an internal-combustion engine)
2621,internal_iliac_artery hypogastric_artery,the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas
2622,internal_jugular_vein,a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater; joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
2623,internal_maxillary_artery,the maxillary artery that supplies deep structure of the face and some of the meninges
2624,internal_organ viscus,a main organ that is situated inside the body
2625,internasal_suture sutura_internasalis,the suture between the two nasal bones
2626,internode,a segment of a stem between two nodes
2627,interoceptor enteroceptor,any receptor that responds to stimuli inside the body
2628,interphalangeal_joint,any of the joints between the phalanges of the fingers or toes
2629,interplanetary_gas,a rarefied flow of gas and charged particles (plasma) that stream from the sun and form the solar wind
2630,interreflection,reciprocal reflection between two reflecting surfaces; "there was interreflection between the two surfaces of the lens"
2631,interrupt,a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out
2632,interstice,a small structural space between tissues or parts of an organ; "the interstices of a network"
2633,interstitial_tissue,tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
2634,intervertebral_vein vena_intervertebralis,one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves
2635,intestine bowel gut,the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus
2636,intima,the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)
2637,intraocular_pressure IOP,pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor; "glaucoma can result from increased intraocular pressure"
2638,introitus,entrance or opening to a hollow organ or tube (especially the vaginal opening); "the introitus of the vagina"
2639,intrusion,rock produced by an intrusive process
2640,intrusion,the forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation
2641,intumescence intumescency swelling,the increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)
2642,intussusception,(biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall
2643,inulin,used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function
2644,invagination introversion intussusception infolding,the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface; "the invagination of the blastula"
2645,inversion,a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
2646,inversion,the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer
2647,inversion sexual_inversion,a term formerly used to mean taking on the gender role of the opposite sex
2648,invert_sugar,a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose; found naturally in fruits; sweeter than glucose
2649,invertase saccharase sucrase,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose
2650,investment,outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
2651,involution,reduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth)
2652,iodination,the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds
2653,iodoprotein iodinated_protein,a protein that contains iodine
2654,ion_beam ionic_beam,a beam of ions moving in the same direction at the same speed
2655,ion_exchange,a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing
2656,ionic_bond electrovalent_bond electrostatic_bond,a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion
2657,ionization ionisation,the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas
2658,ionizing_radiation,high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes
2659,ionospheric_wave,a sky wave that is reflected by the ionosphere
2660,iris,muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye; it forms the colored portion of the eye
2661,iron_filing,a fragment of iron rubbed off by the use of a file
2662,irreversible_process,any process that is not reversible
2663,irruption,a sudden sharp increase in the relative numbers of a population
2664,ischium ischial_bone os_ischii,one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
2665,islands_of_Langerhans isles_of_Langerhans islets_of_Langerhans,cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones
2666,isoagglutination,agglutination of an agglutinogen of one individual by a serum from another individual of the same species
2667,isoagglutinin,an antibody produced by one individual that causes agglutination of red blood cells in other individuals of the same species
2668,isoantibody alloantibody,an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species
2669,isogamy,(biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of gametes of the same size and structure
2670,isolation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
2671,isomerase,an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
2672,isthmus band,a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure
2673,iteration loop,(computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated; "the solution took hundreds of iterations"
2674,iteration looping,(computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained; "the solution is obtained by iteration"
2675,ivory_nut vegetable_ivory apple_nut,nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons
2676,jaboticaba,tough-skinned purple grapelike tropical fruit grown in Brazil
2677,jackfruit jak jack,immense East Indian fruit resembling breadfruit; it contains an edible pulp and nutritious seeds that are commonly roasted
2678,jacking_off jerking_off hand_job wank,slang for masturbation
2679,jaggery jagghery jaggary,unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap
2680,jaw,the bones of the skull that frame the mouth and serve to open it; the bones that hold the teeth
2681,jaw,the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
2682,jejunal_artery intestinal_artery,an artery that is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum
2683,jejunum,the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
2684,jet blue_jet reverse_lightning,atmospheric discharges (lasting 10 msec) bursting from the tops of giant storm clouds in blue cones that widen as they flash upward
2685,jet_propulsion,propulsion by means of the discharge of a jet of fluid toward the rear
2686,jet_stream,a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere; has important effects of the formation of weather fronts
2687,jimdandy jimhickey crackerjack,something excellent of its kind; "the bike was a jimdandy"
2688,joint articulation articulatio,(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)
2689,jowl,a fullness and looseness of the flesh of the lower cheek and jaw (characteristic of aging)
2690,jugale jugal_point,the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
2691,jugular_vein vena_jugularis jugular,veins in the neck that return blood from the head
2692,juice,electric current; "when the wiring was finished they turned on the juice"
2693,jujube Chinese_date Chinese_jujube,dark red plumlike fruit of Old World buckthorn trees
2694,jumping_bean jumping_seed Mexican_jumping_bean,seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble
2695,juniper_berry,berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper
2696,juvenescence,the process of growing into a youth
2697,kai_apple,South African fruit smelling and tasting like apricots; used for pickles and preserves
2698,karyokinesis,organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
2699,karyolysis,disintegration and dissolution of a cell nucleus when a cell dies
2700,katabatic_wind catabatic_wind,a wind caused by the downward motion of cold air
2701,katamorphism,metamorphism that occurs at or near the earth's surface; breaks down complex minerals into simpler ones
2702,keel,the median ridge on the breastbone of birds that fly
2703,keratin ceratin,a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves
2704,keratinization keratinisation,organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
2705,keratomycosis,fungal infection of the cornea
2706,kerion,ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that usually results in a swelling that is covered with pustules and oozes fluid
2707,kernel,a single whole grain of a cereal; "a kernel of corn"
2708,ketembilla kitembilla kitambilla,maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves
2709,ketohexose,a monosaccharide having six carbon atoms and a ketone group
2710,ketone_group,a group having the characteristic properties of ketones
2711,ketose,any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal
2712,key_lime,small yellow-green limes of southern Florida
2713,khamsin,an oppressively hot southerly wind from the Sahara that blows across Egypt in the spring
2714,kidney,either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; "urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder"
2715,kidney_stone urinary_calculus nephrolith renal_calculus,a calculus formed in the kidney
2716,kinase,an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
2717,kinesis,a movement that is a response to a stimulus but is not oriented with respect to the source of stimulation
2718,kinetic_energy K.E.,the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion
2719,kiwi kiwi_fruit Chinese_gooseberry,fuzzy brown egg-shaped fruit with slightly tart green flesh
2720,knee knee_joint human_knee articulatio_genus genu,hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella
2721,knee_jerk knee-jerk_reflex patellar_reflex,a reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the patellar tendon
2722,knock-on_effect,a secondary or incidental effect
2723,knuckle knuckle_joint metacarpophalangeal_joint,a joint of a finger when the fist is closed
2724,kola_nut cola_nut,bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract
2725,kumquat,small oval citrus fruit with thin sweet rind and very acid pulp
2726,labia_majora,the two outer folds of the vulva
2727,labia_minora,the two inner folds of the vulva
2728,labial_artery arteria_labialis,an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth
2729,labial_vein vena_labialis,a vein draining the lips of the mouth
2730,labial_vein vena_labialis,veins draining the lips of the vulva
2731,labium,a liplike structure that bounds a bodily orifice (especially any of the four labiate folds of a woman's vulva)
2732,labyrinthine_artery artery_of_the_labyrinth internal_auditory_artery,an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth
2733,labyrinthine_vein internal_auditory_vein,veins that drain the inner ear
2734,lacrimal_apparatus,the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye
2735,lacrimal_artery arteria_lacrimalis,an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead
2736,lacrimal_bone,small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
2737,lacrimal_duct lachrymal_duct tear_duct,any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
2738,lacrimal_gland lachrymal_gland tear_gland,any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears
2739,lacrimal_sac tear_sac dacryocyst,either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
2740,lacrimal_vein vena_lacrimalis,drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein
2741,lacrimation lachrymation tearing watering,shedding tears
2742,lactalbumin,albumin occurring in milk
2743,lactase Lactaid,any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
2744,lactation,the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands
2745,lacteal,any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct
2746,lactiferous_duct,ducts of the mammary gland that carry milk to the nipple
2747,lactose milk_sugar,a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk; "cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose"
2748,lagoon laguna lagune,a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral
2749,lake,a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land
2750,lambda,the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and lamboid sutures of the skull
2751,lamboid_suture sutura_lamboidea,the suture between the occipital and parietal bones
2752,lamella,a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones
2753,lamellate_placentation,with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary
2754,lamina,a thin plate or layer (especially of bone or mineral)
2755,lamina_arcus_vertebrae,lamina of the vertebral arch; the flattened posterior part of the vertebral arch from which the spinous process extends
2756,laminar_flow,nonturbulent streamline flow in parallel layers (laminae)
2757,lamplight,light from a lamp
2758,landmark,an anatomical structure used as a point of origin in locating other anatomical structures (as in surgery) or as point from which measurements can be taken
2759,language_area language_zone,a large cortical area (in the left hemisphere in most people) containing all the centers associated with language
2760,languor,oppressively still air; "the afternoon was hot, quiet, and heavy with languor"; "Summer shows all the languor of a hot, breezeless day as the dancer lazily brushes her hand over her brow"
2761,lanolin wool_fat wool_grease,a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics
2762,lanseh lansa lansat lanset,East Indian tart yellow berrylike fruit
2763,lantern_jaw,a long thin lower jaw
2764,lap,the upper side of the thighs of a seated person; "he picked up the little girl and plopped her down in his lap"
2765,lard,soft white semisolid fat obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of the hog
2766,lard_oil,oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant
2767,large_intestine,beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces
2768,laryngeal_artery arteria_laryngea,either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx
2769,laryngeal_vein vena_laryngea,one of two veins draining the larynx
2770,laryngopharynx,the lower part of the pharynx
2771,larynx voice_box,a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech
2772,laser_beam,a beam of light generated by a laser
2773,latent_heat heat_of_transformation,heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure
2774,lateral_condyle,a condyle on the outer side of the lower extremity of the femur
2775,lateral_epicondyle,epicondyle near the lateral condyle of the femur
2776,lateral_geniculate_body corpus_geniculatum_laterale lateral_geniculate,a neural structure that serves as a processing station on the way from the retina to the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
2777,lateral_line lateral_line_organ,sense organs of fish and amphibians; believed to detect pressure changes in the water
2778,lateral_ventricle,either of two horseshoe-shaped ventricles one in each cerebral hemisphere; they communicate with the third ventricle via the foramen of Monro
2779,latissimus_dorsi lat,a broad flat muscle on either side of the back
2780,layer,thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
2781,laying egg_laying,the production of eggs (especially in birds)
2782,leach leaching,the process of leaching
2783,leaf_bud,a bud from which leaves (but not flowers) develop
2784,leaf_fat leaf_lard,fat lining the abdomen and kidneys in hogs which is used to make lard
2785,leak wetting making_water passing_water,a euphemism for urination; "he had to take a leak"
2786,learned_reaction learned_response,a reaction that has been acquired by learning
2787,lechery,unrestrained indulgence in sexual activity
2788,lecithin,a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
2789,lectin,any of several plant glycoproteins that act like specific antibodies but are not antibodies in that they are not evoked by an antigenic stimulus
2790,leeway,(of a ship or plane) sideways drift
2791,left left_hand,the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left"
2792,left_atrium left_atrium_of_the_heart atrium_sinistrum,the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
2793,left_coronary_artery,arises from the left aortic sinus; supplies the left side of the heart
2794,left_gastric_artery arteria_gastrica_sinistra,a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus
2795,left_gastric_vein vena_gastrica_sinistra,arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein
2796,left_hemisphere left_brain,the cerebral hemisphere to the left of the corpus callosum that controls the right half of the body
2797,left_ventricle,the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
2798,leg,a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle
2799,leg,a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion
2800,leg_bone,a bone of the leg
2801,legume,the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case
2802,lemniscus fillet,a bundle of sensory nerve fibers going to the thalamus
2803,lemon,yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh
2804,lemongrass lemon_grass lemongrass_oil,an aromatic oil that smells like lemon and is widely used in Asian cooking and in perfumes and medicines
2805,lens crystalline_lens lens_of_the_eye,biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; its role (along with the cornea) is to focus light on the retina
2806,lens_capsule,a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens of the eye
2807,lens_cortex cortex,the tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus
2808,lens_nucleus nucleus,the central structure of the lens that is surrounded by the cortex
2809,lenticular_nucleus lentiform_nucleus,a basal ganglion shaped like a lens and including the outer reddish putamen and the inner pale yellow pallidum
2810,lentil,the fruit or seed of a lentil plant
2811,leptomeninges,the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers
2812,leptosporangium,a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns
2813,lesbianism sapphism,female homosexuality
2814,lesser_omentum,a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels
2815,levanter,an easterly wind in the western Mediterranean area
2816,levator,a muscle that serves to lift some body part (as the eyelid or lip)
2817,leverage purchase,the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever
2818,levitation,the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means
2819,lexicalization lexicalisation,the process of making a word to express a concept
2820,libration,(astronomy) a real or apparent slow oscillation of a moon or satellite; "the libration of the moon"
2821,licorice_root,root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines
2822,lienal_artery splenic_artery arteria_lienalis,an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen
2823,life,the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones; "there is no life on the moon"
2824,life_cycle,a series of stages through which an organism passes between recurrences of a primary stage
2825,life_cycle,the course of developmental changes in an organism from fertilized zygote to maturity when another zygote can be produced
2826,life_force vital_force vitality elan_vital,(biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms
2827,ligament,a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
2828,light visible_light visible_radiation,(physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window"
2829,light_air,wind moving 1-3 knots; 1 on the Beaufort scale
2830,light_breeze,wind moving 4-7 knots; 2 on the Beaufort scale
2831,light_reaction,the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP
2832,light_reflex pupillary_reflex miosis myosis,reflex contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris in response to a bright light (or certain drugs) causing the pupil to become smaller
2833,lightning,abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light
2834,lignum,woody tissue
2835,liman,a long narrow lagoon near the mouth of a river
2836,limb,one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
2837,limb tree_branch,any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
2838,limbic_system visceral_brain limbic_brain,a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior
2839,limbus,a border or edge of any of various body parts distinguished by color or structure
2840,lime,the green acidic fruit of any of various lime trees
2841,linalool,a colorless fragrant liquid found in many essential oils
2842,line,a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
2843,line_feed,the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed on the next line
2844,line_squall,a squall advancing along a front that forms a definite line
2845,line_storm equinoctial_storm,a violent rainstorm near the time of an equinox
2846,lingonberry mountain_cranberry cowberry lowbush_cranberry,tart red berries similar to American cranberries but smaller
2847,lingual_artery arteria_lingualis,an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
2848,lingual_vein vena_lingualis,a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein
2849,linguistic_process,a process involved in human language
2850,linseed flaxseed,the seed of flax used as a source of oil
2851,linseed_oil flaxseed_oil,a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints
2852,lip,either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking
2853,lipase,an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
2854,lipid lipide lipoid,an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
2855,lipoprotein,a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood
2856,liposome,an artificially made microscopic vesicle into which nucleic acids can be packaged; used in molecular biology as a transducing vector
2857,liquefaction,the conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid
2858,liquid liquidness liquidity liquid_state,the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility
2859,list_processing,processing data that is given in the form of chained lists
2860,litchi litchi_nut litchee lichi leechee lichee lychee,Chinese fruit having a thin brittle shell enclosing a sweet jellylike pulp and a single seed; often dried
2861,lithuresis,passing small stones with the urine
2862,little_finger pinkie pinky,the finger farthest from the thumb
2863,little_toe,the fifth smallest outermost toe
2864,liver,large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes
2865,load,the power output of a generator or power plant
2866,lobate_foot,a bird's foot having separate toes each with membranous flaps along the sides
2867,lobe,(anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part; "ear lobe"
2868,lobe_of_the_lung,any of the three lobes of the right lung or the two lobes of the left lung
2869,lobule,a small lobe or subdivision of a lobe
2870,loch,Scottish word for a lake
2871,loch,a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)
2872,locule loculus,a small cavity or space within an organ or in a plant or animal
2873,lode load,a deposit of valuable ore occurring within definite boundaries separating it from surrounding rocks
2874,loganberry,large red variety of the dewberry
2875,logic_operation logical_operation,an operation that follows the rules of symbolic logic
2876,loin lumbus,either side of the backbone between the hipbone and the ribs in humans as well as quadrupeds
2877,loins,the region of the hips and groin and lower abdomen
2878,loment,seedpods that are constricted between the seeds and that break apart when mature into single-seeded segments
2879,long_bone os_longum,in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow
2880,long_chain long-chain_molecule,(chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule
2881,long_saphenous_vein great_saphenous_vein,the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein
2882,long_wave,a radio wave with a wavelength longer than a kilometer (a frequency below 300 kilohertz)
2883,longanberry dragon's_eye,Asian fruit similar to litchi
2884,loquat Japanese_plum,yellow olive-sized semitropical fruit with a large free stone and relatively little flesh; used for jellies
2885,loss,gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
2886,lough,Irish word for a lake
2887,lough,a long narrow (nearly landlocked) cove in Ireland
2888,low depression,an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow"
2889,low-density_lipoprotein LDL beta-lipoprotein,a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
2890,low_beam,the beam of a car's headlights that provides illumination for a short distance
2891,lower_jaw mandible mandibula mandibular_bone submaxilla lower_jawbone jawbone jowl,the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth
2892,lower_respiratory_tract,the bronchi and lungs
2893,lower_respiratory_tract_smear bronchoscopic_smear sputum_smear,any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the lower respiratory tract; used for cytologic study of cancer and other diseases of the lungs
2894,luck fortune,an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; "it was my good luck to be there"; "they say luck is a lady"; "it was as if fortune guided his hand"
2895,luck fortune chance hazard,an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; "bad luck caused his downfall"; "we ran into each other by pure chance"
2896,lull quiet,a period of calm weather; "there was a lull in the storm"
2897,lumbar_artery arteria_lumbalis,one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall
2898,lumbar_nerve,any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord
2899,lumbar_plexus plexus_lumbalis,a lymphatic plexus located along the lower portion of the aorta and iliac vessels
2900,lumbar_plexus plexus_lumbalis,a plexus of nerves formed by the ventral branches of the first four lumbar nerves
2901,lumbar_vein vena_lumbalis,veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses
2902,lumbar_vertebra,one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae
2903,lumbosacral_plexus,a nerve plexus formed by the ventral divisions of the coccygeal and sacral and lumbar nerves; supplies the lower limbs and perineum and coccygeal area
2904,lumen,a cavity or passage in a tubular organ; "the lumen of the intestine"
2905,luminescence,light not due to incandescence; occurs at low temperatures
2906,luminous_energy,the energy associated with visible light
2907,lunate_bone semilunar_bone os_lunatum,one of the eight small wrist bones
2908,lunching,the act of eating lunch
2909,lung,either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood
2910,lymph_node lymph_gland node,the source of lymph and lymphocytes
2911,lymph_vessel lymphatic_vessel,a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation
2912,lymphatic_system systema_lymphaticum,the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body
2913,lymphatic_tissue lymphoid_tissue,tissue making up the lymphatic system
2914,lymphokine,a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)
2915,lymphopoiesis,the formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and thymus and spleen
2916,lysis,(biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria
2917,lysis,recuperation in which the symptoms of an acute disease gradually subside
2918,lysogenization lysogenisation,the process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome
2919,lysosome,an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)
2920,lysozyme muramidase,an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
2921,macadamia_nut,nutlike seed with sweet and crisp white meat
2922,maceration,softening due to soaking or steeping
2923,macroevolution,evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups
2924,macromolecule supermolecule,any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
2925,macula macula_lutea macular_area yellow_spot,a small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision
2926,macular_degeneration,eye disease caused by degeneration of the cells of the macula lutea and results in blurred vision; can cause blindness
2927,madia_oil,used as a substitute for olive oil
2928,magnetic_dipole,a dipole with opposing magnetic poles
2929,magnetic_dipole_moment,(physics) a current loop gives rise to a magnetic field characteristic of a magnetic dipole; "An orbiting electron in an atom will have a magnetic dipole moment"
2930,magnetic_field magnetic_flux flux,the lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle
2931,magnetic_moment moment_of_a_magnet,the torque exerted on a magnet or dipole when it is placed in a magnetic field
2932,magnetic_resonance,resonance of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei to radiation frequencies as a result of space quantization in a magnetic field
2933,magnetism magnetic_attraction magnetic_force,attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force
2934,magnetization magnetisation magnetic_induction,the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)
2935,magnetomotive_force,the force that produces magnetic flux
2936,magnetosphere,the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field
2937,main briny,any very large body of (salt) water
2938,majority_operation,a threshold operation in which each operand is 0 or 1; output is 1 if and only if more than half the operands have the value 1
2939,malabsorption,abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
2940,malacca,stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles
2941,male_chest,the chest of a man
2942,male_genitalia male_genitals male_genital_organ family_jewels,external male sex organs
2943,male_internal_reproductive_organ,the reproductive organs of a man
2944,male_reproductive_gland,the reproductive organs of a man
2945,male_reproductive_system,the reproductive system of males
2946,malleus hammer,the ossicle attached to the eardrum
2947,malpighian_body malpighian_corpuscle renal_corpuscle,the capsule that contains Bowman's capsule and a glomerulus at the expanded end of a nephron
2948,malposed_tooth,a tooth that has grown in a faulty position
2949,maltose malt_sugar,a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches
2950,mamey mammee mammee_apple,globular or ovoid tropical fruit with thick russet leathery rind and juicy yellow or reddish flesh
2951,mamillary_body mammillary_body corpus_mamillare,one of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
2952,mammary_gland mamma,milk-secreting organ of female mammals
2953,mandarin mandarin_orange,a somewhat flat reddish-orange loose skinned citrus of China
2954,mandibular_joint temporomandibular_joint articulatio_temporomandibularis,the joint between the head of the lower jawbone and the temporal bone
2955,mandrake_root mandrake,the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic
2956,mango,large oval tropical fruit having smooth skin, juicy aromatic pulp, and a large hairy seed
2957,mangosteen,two- to three-inch tropical fruit with juicy flesh suggestive of both peaches and pineapples
2958,manubrium,the upper part of the breastbone
2959,maple_sugar,sugar made from the sap of the sugar maple tree
2960,marang,tropical fruit from the Philippines having a mass of small seeds embedded in sweetish white pulp
2961,marasca,small bitter fruit of the marasca cherry tree from whose juice maraschino liqueur is made
2962,marbling,the intermixture of fat and lean in a cut of meat
2963,mare's_tail,a long narrow flowing cirrus cloud
2964,mare_clausum,(closed sea) a navigable body of water under the jurisdiction of a single nation
2965,mare_liberum,(free sea) a navigable body of water to which all nations have equal access
2966,mare_nostrum,(our sea) the Mediterranean to the ancient Romans
2967,marginal_placentation ventral_placentation,with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary
2968,marginalization marginalisation,the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society); "the marginalization of the underclass"; "the marginalization of literature"
2969,market_forces,the interaction of supply and demand that shapes a market economy
2970,marrow bone_marrow,the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
2971,marrowbone,a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup
2972,marsupium,an external abdominal pouch in most marsupials where newborn offspring are suckled
2973,masculinization masculinisation virilization virilisation,the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)
2974,masseter,a large muscle that raises the lower jaw and is used in chewing
2975,mast,nuts of forest trees (as beechnuts and acorns) accumulated on the ground
2976,mastoid mastoid_process mastoid_bone mastoidal,process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
2977,mastoidale,the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
2978,masturbation onanism,manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or another) for sexual pleasure
2979,matchwood,fragments of wood; "it was smashed into matchwood"
2980,materialization materialisation,the process of coming into being; becoming reality; "the materialization of her dream"
2981,matrix,the formative tissue at the base of a nail
2982,maturation ripening maturement,coming to full development; becoming mature
2983,maxillary_artery arteria_maxillaris,either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face
2984,maxillary_sinus,one of a pair of sinuses forming a cavity in the maxilla
2985,maxillary_vein vena_maxillaris,posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein
2986,mealie,an ear of corn
2987,meatus,a natural body passageway
2988,mechanical_energy,energy in a mechanical form
2989,mechanical_phenomenon,a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects
2990,mechanism chemical_mechanism,the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction; "he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
2991,medial_condyle,a condyle on the inner side of the lower extremity of the femur
2992,medial_geniculate_body corpus_geniculatum_mediale medial_geniculate,a neural structure that serves as the last of a series of processing centers along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
2993,medial_rectus_muscle medial_rectus rectus_medialis,the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball medially
2994,mediastinum,the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus
2995,medium_wave,a radio wave with a wavelength between 100 and 1000 meters (a frequency between 300 kilohertz and 3000 kilohertz)
2996,medlar,a South African globular fruit with brown leathery skin and pithy flesh having a sweet-acid taste
2997,medlar,crabapple-like fruit used for preserves
2998,medulla,the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
2999,medulla_oblongata medulla bulb,lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning"
3000,megacolon,an abnormal enlargement of the colon; can be congenital (as in Hirschsprung's disease) or acquired (as when children refuse to defecate)
3001,megasporangium macrosporangium,a plant structure that produces megaspores
3002,meiosis miosis reduction_division,(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
3003,melioration,the linguistic process in which over a period of time a word grows more positive in connotation or more elevated in meaning
3004,mellowing,the process of becoming mellow
3005,melon,any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh
3006,melon_ball,a bite of melon cut as a sphere
3007,meltdown nuclear_meltdown,severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and radiation escaping
3008,membrane tissue_layer,a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants
3009,membrane_bone,any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull
3010,membranous_labyrinth,the sensory structures of the inner ear including the labyrinthine receptors and the cochlea; contained within the bony labyrinth
3011,menhaden_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather
3012,meningeal_artery arteria_meningea,any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures
3013,meningeal_veins venae_meningeae,veins at accompany the meningeal arteries
3014,meninx meninges,a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord
3015,meniscus semilunar_cartilage,(anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint
3016,menorrhagia hypermenorrhea,abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged
3017,menstruation menses menstruum catamenia period flow,the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; "the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation"; "a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped"--Hippocrates; "the semen begins to appear in males and to be emitted at the same time of life that the catamenia begin to flow in females"--Aristotle
3018,mentum,a projection below the mouth of certain mollusks that resembles a chin
3019,mere,a small pond of standing water
3020,mericarp,a carpel with one seed; one of a pair split apart at maturity
3021,meristem,undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root
3022,mesenchyme,mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
3023,mesenteric_artery arteria_mesenterica,one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines
3024,mesenteric_plexus plexus_mesentericus,a plexus of autonomic nerves
3025,mesenteric_vein vena_mesenterica,a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery
3026,mesentery,a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines
3027,mesocolon,mesentery that holds the lower colon to the dorsal abdominal wall
3028,mesoderm mesoblast,the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
3029,mesothelium,epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity
3030,metabolism metabolic_process,the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
3031,metacarpal metacarpal_bone,any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers
3032,metacarpal_artery arteria_metacarpea,dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand
3033,metacarpal_vein vena_metacarpus,dorsal and palmar veins of the hand
3034,metacarpus,the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges
3035,metagenesis digenesis,alternation of sexual and asexual generations
3036,metal_filing,a fragment of metal rubbed off by the use of a file
3037,metallic_bond,a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs
3038,metamere somite,one of a series of similar body segments into which some animals are divided longitudinally
3039,metamorphism,change in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat or introduction of new chemical substances
3040,metamorphosis metabolism,the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals
3041,metaphysis,the growing part of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
3042,metastasis,the spreading of a disease (especially cancer) to another part of the body
3043,metatarsal,any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes
3044,metatarsal_arch,the short lateral arch formed by the heads of the metatarsals
3045,metatarsal_artery arteria_metatarsea,dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot
3046,metatarsal_vein vena_metatarsus,dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot
3047,metatarsus,the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds
3048,metathesis,a linguistic process of transposition of sounds or syllables within a word or words within a sentence
3049,metempsychosis rebirth,after death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body
3050,metencephalon,the part of the hindbrain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum
3051,meteor shooting_star,a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode
3052,meteor_shower meteor_stream,a transient shower of meteors when a meteor swarm enters the earth's atmosphere
3053,meteortropism,an effect of climate on biological processes (as the effect on joint pains etc.)
3054,methyl methyl_group methyl_radical,the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane
3055,methylene_group methylene_radical methylene,the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane
3056,metopion,the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull
3057,microevolution,evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies
3058,microglia,neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocytic
3059,micropenis microphallus,an abnormally small penis
3060,microphoning,the transduction of sound waves into electrical waves (by a microphone)
3061,microsporangium,a plant structure that produces microspores
3062,microtubule,a microscopically small tubule
3063,microwave,a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data
3064,micturition urination,the discharge of urine
3065,micturition_reflex,relaxation of the urethral sphincter in response to increased pressure in the bladder
3066,mid-calf,the middle of the calf; half way between the knee and ankle
3067,mid-water,the water that is well below the surface but also well above the bottom; "many marine fishes inhabit the mid-waters"
3068,midbrain mesencephalon,the middle portion of the brain
3069,middle midriff midsection,the middle area of the human torso (usually in front); "young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable"
3070,middle_cerebral_artery,one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into three branches
3071,middle_cerebral_vein vena_cerebri_media,either of two cerebral veins
3072,middle_ear tympanic_cavity tympanum,the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear
3073,middle_finger,the second finger; between the index finger and the ring finger
3074,middle_meningeal_artery,branch of the maxillary artery; its branches supply meninges
3075,middle_temporal_vein,arises near the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein
3076,middle_thyroid_vein,a vein on each side that drains the lateral part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
3077,midnight_sun,the sun visible at midnight (inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles)
3078,midrib midvein,the vein in the center of a leaf
3079,mildew mold mould,the process of becoming mildewed
3080,mildness clemency,good weather with comfortable temperatures
3081,millpond,a pond formed by damming a stream to provide a head of water to turn a mill wheel
3082,mineral_extraction mineral_processing mineral_dressing ore_processing ore_dressing beneficiation,crushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques
3083,mineral_oil,a distillate of petroleum (especially one used medicinally as a laxative or stool softener)
3084,minge,vulgar term for a woman's pubic hair or genitals
3085,minimus,the fifth digit; the little finger or little toe
3086,mirage,an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects
3087,miscegenation crossbreeding interbreeding,reproduction by parents of different races (especially by white and non-white persons)
3088,mist,a thin fog with condensation near the ground
3089,mistral,a strong north wind that blows in France during the winter
3090,mitochondrion chondriosome,an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
3091,mitosis,cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
3092,mitral_valve bicuspid_valve left_atrioventricular_valve,valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle
3093,mixed_bud,a bud yielding both leaves and flowers
3094,moderate_breeze,wind moving 13-18 knots; 4 on the Beaufort scale
3095,moderate_gale near_gale,wind moving 32-38 knots; 7 on the Beaufort scale
3096,modiolus,the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea
3097,molar grinder,grinding tooth with a broad crown; located behind the premolars
3098,molecule,(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
3099,molt molting moult moulting ecdysis,periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
3100,mombin,purplish tropical fruit
3101,moment,a turning force produced by an object acting at a distance (or a measure of that force)
3102,moment_of_a_couple,given two equal and opposite forces, the product of the force and the distance between them
3103,moment_of_inertia,the tendency of a body to resist angular acceleration
3104,monadic_operation unary_operation,an operation with exactly one operand
3105,monoamine_oxidase MAO,an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
3106,monoclonal_antibody monoclonal,any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules
3107,monogenesis sporulation,asexual reproduction by the production and release of spores
3108,monohybrid_cross,hybridization using a single trait with two alleles (as in Mendel's experiments with garden peas)
3109,mononuclear_phagocyte_system MPS system_of_macrophages,a widely distributed system of free and fixed macrophages derived from bone marrow
3110,monosaccharide monosaccharose simple_sugar,a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates
3111,mons mons_veneris mons_pubis,a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
3112,monsoon,a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter
3113,monsoon,any wind that changes direction with the seasons
3114,montan_wax,a hard wax obtained from lignite
3115,moonbeam moon_ray moon-ray,a ray of moonlight
3116,moonlight moonshine Moon,the light of the Moon; "moonlight is the smuggler's enemy"; "the Moon was bright enough to read by"
3117,morello,cultivated sour cherry with dark-colored skin and juice
3118,morphallaxis,regeneration on a reduced scale of a body part; observed especially in invertebrates such as certain lobsters
3119,morphogenesis,differentiation and growth of the structure of an organism (or a part of an organism)
3120,mother_lode champion_lode,the main vein of ore in a deposit
3121,motor_area motor_region motor_cortex Rolando's_area excitable_area,the cortical area that influences motor movements
3122,motor_control,control of muscles
3123,motor_nerve efferent_nerve efferent,a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands
3124,motor_oil,oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor
3125,mouth,the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
3126,mouth oral_cavity oral_fissure rima_oris,the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy"
3127,mouthpart,any part of the mouth of an insect or other arthropod especially one adapted to a specific way of feeding
3128,mucin,a nitrogenous substance found in mucous secretions; a lubricant that protects body surfaces
3129,mucoid,any of several glycoproteins similar to mucin
3130,mucopolysaccharide,complex polysaccharides containing an amino group; occur chiefly as components of connective tissue
3131,mucous_membrane mucosa,mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
3132,mud_puddle,a puddle of mud; "the children loved a mud puddle"
3133,mulberry,sweet usually dark purple blackberry-like fruit of any of several mulberry trees of the genus Morus
3134,multiplex_operation,an operation in which two or more activities are interleaved
3135,multiplication,a multiplicative increase; "repeated copying leads to a multiplication of errors"; "this multiplication of cells is a natural correlate of growth"
3136,multiprocessing parallel_processing,simultaneous processing by two or more processing units
3137,multiprogramming concurrent_execution,the execution of two or more computer programs by a single computer
3138,mummification,embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
3139,munch,a large bite; "he tried to talk between munches on the sandwich"
3140,mung mung_bean green_gram golden_gram moong mash_bean munggo monggo green_soy green_bean,seed of the mung bean plant; used for food
3141,muscadine bullace_grape,dull-purple grape of southern United States
3142,muscat muscatel muscat_grape,sweet aromatic grape used for raisins and wine
3143,muscle muscular_tissue,animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
3144,muscle musculus,one of the contractile organs of the body
3145,muscular_structure musculature muscle_system,the muscular system of an organism
3146,musculophrenic_artery arteria_musculophrenica,an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles
3147,musculophrenic_vein vena_musculophrenica,veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen
3148,musculoskeletal_system,the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form
3149,musculus_abductor_digiti_minimi_manus,the abductor muscle of the little finger
3150,musculus_abductor_digiti_minimi_pedis,the abductor muscles of the little toe
3151,musculus_abductor_hallucis,the abductor muscle of the great toe
3152,musculus_abductor_pollicis,the abductor muscle of the thumb
3153,musculus_adductor_brevis,the short adductor muscle of the thigh
3154,musculus_adductor_hallucis,the adductor muscle of the great toe
3155,musculus_adductor_longus,the long adductor muscle of the thigh
3156,musculus_adductor_magnus great_adductor_muscle,the muscle that adducts and extends the thigh
3157,musculus_articularis_cubiti,a small branch of the triceps that inserts into the capsule of the elbow joint
3158,musculus_articularis_genus,the articular muscle of the knee
3159,musculus_biceps_femoris femoral_biceps,the biceps muscle of the thigh; it flexes the knee and rotates the leg laterally
3160,musculus_sphincter_ani_externus,an external ring of striated muscle surrounding the anus
3161,musculus_sphincter_ani_internus,an internal ring of smooth muscle formed by circular fibers of the rectum
3162,musculus_sphincter_ductus_choledochi,the smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct
3163,musculus_sphincter_ductus_pancreatici,the smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct
3164,mushroom mushroom_cloud mushroom-shaped_cloud,a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)
3165,muskmelon sweet_melon,the fruit of a muskmelon vine; any of several sweet melons related to cucumbers
3166,must,a necessary or essential thing; "seat belts are an absolute must"
3167,mustard_oil,oil obtained from mustard seeds and used in making soap
3168,mutton_tallow,tallow from the body of a mature sheep
3169,mutual_induction,generation of electromotive forces in each other by two adjacent circuits
3170,muzzle,forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose
3171,mycophagy,the practice of eating fungi (especially mushrooms collected in the wild)
3172,mydriasis,reflex pupillary dilation as a muscle pulls the iris outward; occurs in response to a decrease in light or certain drugs
3173,myelencephalon,the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
3174,myelin myeline medulla,a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers
3175,myelinization myelinisation,the development of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber
3176,myenteric_plexus plexus_myentericus,a plexus of unmyelinated fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies in the muscular coat of the esophagus and stomach and intestines
3177,myocardium,the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
3178,myoglobin,a hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed
3179,myometrium,the smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus
3180,myonecrosis,localized death of muscle cell fibers
3181,myosin,the commonest protein in muscle; a globulin that combines with actin to form actomyosin
3182,nabothian_gland,one of many small glands of the uterine cervix that secrete mucus
3183,nacreous_cloud mother-of-pearl_cloud,a luminous iridescent cloud at a high altitude that may be seen when the sun is a few degrees below the horizon
3184,nail,horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits
3185,naked_eye,the eye unaided by any optical instrument that alters the power of vision or alters the apparent size or distance of objects; "it is not safe to look directly at the sun with the naked eye"
3186,nap catnap light_sleep short_sleep forty_winks snooze,sleeping for a short period of time (usually not in bed)
3187,naris,any of the openings to the nasal cavities that allow air to flow through the cavities to the pharynx
3188,narrow,a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water
3189,narrowing,a decrease in width
3190,nasal nasal_bone os_nasale,an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
3191,nasal_cavity,either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx
3192,nasal_concha,one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity
3193,nasal_meatus,the passages in the nasal cavity formed by the projections of the nasal conchae
3194,nasal_septum,a partition of bone and cartilage between the nasal cavities
3195,nasion,the craniometric point at the bridge of the nose where the frontal and nasal bones of the skull meet
3196,nasofrontal_vein vena_nasofrontalis,a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein
3197,nasolacrimal_duct,a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity
3198,nasopharynx,cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx
3199,natural_childbirth,labor and childbirth without medical intervention; no drugs are given to relieve pain or aid the birth process; "natural childbirth is considered the safest for the baby"
3200,natural_object,an object occurring naturally; not made by man
3201,natural_order,the physical universe considered as an orderly system subject to natural (not human or supernatural) laws
3202,natural_phenomenon,all phenomena that are not artificial
3203,natural_process natural_action action activity,a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity"
3204,nature,the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; "they tried to preserve nature as they found it"
3205,navel_orange,seedless orange enclosing a small secondary fruit at the apex
3206,neat's-foot_oil,a pale yellow oil made from the feet and legs of cattle; used as a dressing for leather
3207,nebula,an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space
3208,nebule,a small cloud
3209,necessity essential requirement requisite necessary,anything indispensable; "food and shelter are necessities of life"; "the essentials of the good life"; "allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions"; "a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained"
3210,neck cervix,the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body; "he admired her long graceful neck"; "the horse won by a neck"
3211,necrobiosis cell_death,(physiology) the normal degeneration and death of living cells (as in various epithelial cells)
3212,necrolysis,disintegration and dissolution of dead tissue
3213,necrophagia necrophagy,feeding on corpses or carrion
3214,necrosis mortification gangrene sphacelus,the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)
3215,nectarine,a variety or mutation of the peach that has a smooth skin
3216,need want,anything that is necessary but lacking; "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs"; "I tried to supply his wants"
3217,neem_seed,seed of neem trees; source of pesticides and fertilizer and medicinal products
3218,neencephalon neoencephalon,the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
3219,negative_charge,having a surplus of electrons; having a lower electric potential
3220,negative_chemotaxis,movement away from a chemical stimulus
3221,negative_feedback,feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input
3222,neopallium neocortex,the cortical part of the neencephalon
3223,neoplasia,the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor
3224,nephron uriniferous_tubule,any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney
3225,neroli_oil,an odoriferous yellow oil found in orange flowers and used in perfumery and as a flavoring
3226,nerve nervus,any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
3227,nerve_growth_factor NGF,a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells
3228,nerve_pathway tract nerve_tract pathway,a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain
3229,nerve_plexus,a network of intersecting nerves
3230,nervous_system systema_nervosum,the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells
3231,nervous_tissue nerve_tissue,tissue composed of neurons
3232,net_melon netted_melon nutmeg_melon,the fruit of a variety of muskmelon vine; a melon with netlike markings and deep green flesh
3233,neural_arch vertebral_arch,a structure arising dorsally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the spinal cord
3234,neural_structure,a structure that is part of the nervous system
3235,neural_tube,a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop
3236,neuroepithelium,epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
3237,neurogenesis,the development of nerve tissues
3238,neuroglia glia,sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
3239,neuropil neuropile,the complex network of unmyelinated axones, dendrites, and glial branches that form the bulk of the central nervous system's grey matter and in which nerve cell bodies are embedded
3240,neurotropism,an affinity for neural tissues
3241,neutralization neutralisation neutralization_reaction neutralisation_reaction,a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water
3242,neutron_radiation,radiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb)
3243,new_line,the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on the next line
3244,nibble,gentle biting
3245,nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide NAD,a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes
3246,nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate NADP,a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes
3247,nictitating_membrane third_eyelid,a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
3248,nimbus nimbus_cloud rain_cloud,a dark grey cloud bearing rain
3249,nip pinch,a small sharp bite or snip
3250,nipple mammilla mamilla pap teat tit,the small projection of a mammary gland
3251,nitrification,the chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound)
3252,nitrification,the oxidation of ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrates and nitrites by soil bacteria (making nitrogen available to plants)
3253,nitrite,the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid)
3254,nitro_group,the group -NO3
3255,nitrogen_cycle,the circulation of nitrogen; nitrates from the soil are absorbed by plants which are eaten by animals that die and decay returning the nitrogen back to the soil
3256,nitrogen_fixation,the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria
3257,nitrogenase,an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
3258,nocturia nycturia,excessive urination at night; especially common in older men
3259,nocturnal_emission,ejaculation during sleep (usually during a dream)
3260,node leaf_node,(botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge
3261,nodule,(mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment)
3262,nodule tubercle,small rounded wartlike protuberance on a plant
3263,nondevelopment,failure of normal development to occur
3264,nondisjunction,meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate; results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
3265,nonlinear_distortion amplitude_distortion,distortion that occurs when the output signal does not have a linear relation to the input signal
3266,north_wind northerly norther boreas,a wind that blows from the north
3267,northeaster noreaster,a storm blowing from the northeast
3268,northwest_wind northwester,a wind from the northwest
3269,nose olfactory_organ,the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; "he has a cold in the nose"
3270,nosedive,a sudden sharp drop or rapid decline; "the stock took a nosedive"
3271,nostril anterior_naris,either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose
3272,notochord,a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
3273,nub stub,a small piece; "a nub of coal"; "a stub of a pencil"
3274,nubbin,a small nub (especially an undeveloped fruit or ear of corn)
3275,nuclear_magnetic_resonance NMR proton_magnetic_resonance,resonance of protons to radiation in a magnetic field
3276,nuclear_propulsion,the use of a nuclear reactor either to produce electricity to power an engine (as in a nuclear submarine) or to directly heat a propellant (as in nuclear rockets)
3277,nuclear_reaction,(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
3278,nuclear_resonance,the resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray
3279,nuclear_winter,a long period of darkness and extreme cold that scientists predict would follow a full-scale nuclear war; a layer of dust and smoke in the atmosphere would cover the earth and block the rays of the sun; most living organisms would perish
3280,nuclease,general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units
3281,nucleic_acid,(biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
3282,nucleolus nucleole,a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; such organelles contain RNA and are involved in protein synthesis
3283,nucleolus_organizer nucleolus_organiser nucleolar_organizer nucleolar_organiser,the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after nuclear division
3284,nucleoprotein,any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid
3285,nucleosynthesis,(astronomy) the cosmic synthesis of atoms more complex than the hydrogen atom
3286,nucleus,any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
3287,nucleus cell_nucleus karyon,a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
3288,nugget,a solid lump of a precious metal (especially gold) as found in the earth
3289,nut,usually large hard-shelled seed
3290,nutlet,a small nut
3291,nutrient_artery arteria_nutricia,an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone
3292,nutrition,(physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance
3293,oak_apple,oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp
3294,obelion,the craniometric point on the sagittal suture near the lamboid suture
3295,object physical_object,a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"
3296,oblique_vein_of_the_left_atrium vena_obliqua_atrii_sinistri,a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium
3297,obsolescence,the process of becoming obsolete; falling into disuse or becoming out of date; "a policy of planned obsolescence"
3298,obturator_vein vena_obturatoria,a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein
3299,occipital_bone,a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
3300,occipital_gyrus,any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
3301,occipital_lobe occipital_cortex,that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head
3302,occipital_vein vena_occipitalis,a vein that drains the occipital region
3303,occipitomastoid_suture,the suture between the occipital and the temporal bones; a continuation of the lamboid suture
3304,occiput,back part of the head or skull
3305,occluded_front occlusion,(meteorology) a composite front when colder air surrounds a mass of warm air and forces it aloft
3306,ocean,a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere
3307,ocular_muscle eye_muscle,one of the small muscles of the eye that serve to rotate the eyeball
3308,oculomotor oculomotor_nerve nervus_oculomotorius third_cranial_nerve,supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye
3309,oculus_dexter OD,the right eye
3310,oculus_sinister OS,the left eye
3311,odontoid_process,a toothlike process at the back of 2nd vertebra of the neck
3312,offing,the part of the sea that can be seen from the shore and is beyond the anchoring area; "there was a ship in the offing"
3313,offspring materialization materialisation,something that comes into existence as a result; "industrialism prepared the way for acceptance of the French Revolution's various socialistic offspring"; "this skyscraper is the solid materialization of his efforts"
3314,ohmage,the ohmic resistance of a conductor
3315,oil,a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
3316,oil_gland,a gland that secretes oil
3317,oil_pressure,pressure that keeps oil on the moving parts of an internal-combustion engine
3318,oilseed oil-rich_seed,any of several seeds that yield oil
3319,okra,long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant
3320,olecranon olecranon_process,process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended
3321,oleo_oil,obtained from beef fat; used in making margarine and soap and in lubrication
3322,olfactory_bulb,one of two enlargements at the terminus of the olfactory nerve at the base of the brain just above the nasal cavities
3323,olfactory_nerve nervii_olfactorii first_cranial_nerve,a collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa
3324,oligodendroglia oligodendria,tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers
3325,oligomenorrhea,abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
3326,oligosaccharide,any of the carbohydrates that yield only a few monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
3327,oliguria,production of an abnormally small amount of urine
3328,olive,one-seeded fruit of the European olive tree usually pickled and used as a relish
3329,olive,small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil
3330,olive_oil,oil from olives
3331,omentum,a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
3332,omission deletion,any process whereby sounds or words are left out of spoken words or phrases
3333,ommatidium,any of the numerous small cone-shaped eyes that make up the compound eyes of some arthropods
3334,omophagia,the eating of raw food
3335,one-night_stand,a brief sexual encounter lasting only for a single night; "he ran through a series of loveless one-night stands"
3336,onion,the bulb of an onion plant
3337,oogenesis,development of ova
3338,opacification,the process of becoming cloudy or opaque
3339,opacity,the phenomenon of not permitting the passage of electromagnetic radiation
3340,open_chain,a chain of atoms in a molecule whose ends are not joined to form a ring
3341,operation,(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction); "it can perform millions of operations per second"
3342,operation functioning performance,process or manner of functioning or operating; "the power of its engine determines its operation"; "the plane's operation in high winds"; "they compared the cooking performance of each oven"; "the jet's performance conformed to high standards"
3343,operculum,a hard flap serving as a cover for (a) the gill slits in fishes or (b) the opening of the shell in certain gastropods when the body is retracted
3344,ophryon,the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits
3345,ophthalmic_artery arteria_ophthalmica,a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures
3346,ophthalmic_vein vena_ophthalmica,either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus
3347,opsin,retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin
3348,opsonin,an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes
3349,opsonization opsonisation,process whereby opsonins make an invading microorganism more susceptible to phagocytosis
3350,optic_chiasma optic_chiasm chiasma_opticum,the crossing of the optic nerves from the two eyes at the base of the brain
3351,optic_cup eyecup,(embryology) a two-walled cuplike depression that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina
3352,optic_nerve nervus_opticus second_cranial_nerve optic_tract,the cranial nerve that serves the retina
3353,optic_radiation radiatio_optica,a nerve pathway from the lateral geniculate body to the visual cortex
3354,optical_illusion,an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression
3355,optical_opacity,opacity to light
3356,optical_phenomenon,a physical phenomenon related to or involving light
3357,oral_sex head,oral stimulation of the genitals; "they say he gives good head"
3358,oral_smear,alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the mouth
3359,orange,round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees
3360,orbitale orbital_point,the craniometric point at the lowest point on the lower edge of the orbit
3361,organ,a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function
3362,organ_of_Corti,the hearing organ of the inner ear; contains receptors that respond to sound waves
3363,organ_of_hearing,the part of the ear that is responsible for sensations of sound
3364,organelle cell_organelle cell_organ,a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ; "the first organelle to be identified was the nucleus"
3365,organic_phenomenon,(biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals
3366,organic_process biological_process,a process occurring in living organisms
3367,organification,the process of organ formation
3368,orifice opening porta,an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; "the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart"
3369,origin,the source of something's existence or from which it derives or is derived; "the rumor had its origin in idle gossip"; "vegetable origins"; "mineral origin"; "origin in sensation"
3370,orogeny,the process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth's crust)
3371,oropharynx,cavity formed by the pharynx at the back of the mouth
3372,orrisroot orris,fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines
3373,orthotropous_ovule,a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex
3374,os,a mouth or mouthlike opening
3375,oscillation,the process of oscillating between states
3376,osier,flexible twig of a willow tree
3377,osmoreceptor,sensory end organ that responds to changes in osmotic pressure
3378,osmosis,(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
3379,osmotic_pressure,(physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane
3380,ossicle bonelet ossiculum,a small bone; especially one in the middle ear
3381,ossification,the calcification of soft tissue into a bonelike material
3382,ossification,the developmental process of bone formation
3383,ossification,the process of becoming rigidly fixed in a conventional pattern of thought or behavior
3384,osteolysis,lysis of bone caused by disease or infection or inadequate blood supply
3385,osteophyte,small abnormal bony outgrowth
3386,ostiole,a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass
3387,otic_ganglion otoganglion,an autonomic ganglion whose postganglionic fibers are distributed to the parotid gland
3388,outcrop outcropping rock_outcrop,the part of a rock formation that appears above the surface of the surrounding land
3389,outercourse,sexual stimulation without vaginal penetration; "since pregnancy cannot happen if sperm are kept out of the vagina, outercourse is one method of birth control"
3390,outflow effluence efflux,the process of flowing out
3391,outgrowth branch offshoot offset,a natural consequence of development
3392,outthrust,an outcropping of rock that extends outward
3393,ovarian_artery arteria_ovarica,the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries
3394,ovarian_vein vena_ovarica,one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein
3395,ovary,(vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
3396,ovary,the organ that bears the ovules of a flower
3397,overactivity,excessive activity; "overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily"
3398,overcompensation,(psychiatry) an attempt to overcome a real or imagined defect or unwanted trait by overly exaggerating its opposite
3399,overflow_incontinence,urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder is so full that it continually leaks urine; often attributable to a blocked urethra (e.g., due to prostate enlargement) or weak bladder muscles or nerve damage
3400,overheating,excessive heating
3401,overlip,the upper lip
3402,overpressure,a transient air pressure greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure; "the overpressure of the blast kills by lethal concussion"
3403,overreaction,an excessive reaction; a reaction with inappropriate emotional behavior
3404,ovipositor,egg-laying tubular structure at the end of the abdomen in many female insects and some fishes
3405,ovotestis,hermaphroditic gonad that contains both testicular and ovarian tissue
3406,ovulation,the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle)
3407,ovule,a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
3408,oxbow_lake,a crescent-shaped lake (often temporary) that is formed when a meander of a river is cut off from the main channel
3409,oxidase,any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
3410,oxidation oxidization oxidisation,the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction
3411,oxidation-reduction oxidoreduction redox,a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
3412,oxidative_phosphorylation,an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP
3413,oxidoreductase,an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
3414,oxtail,the skinned tail of cattle; used especially for soups
3415,oxygenase,an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen
3416,oxygenation,the process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen; "the oxygenation of the blood"
3417,oxyhemoglobin oxyhaemoglobin,the bright red hemoglobin that is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen from the lungs; "oxyhemoglobin transports oxygen to the cells of the body"
3418,pacemaker cardiac_pacemaker sinoatrial_node SA_node,a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
3419,pacifier,anything that serves to pacify
3420,pad,the fleshy cushion-like underside of an animal's foot or of a human's finger
3421,pair_production pair_creation pair_formation,the transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus
3422,palatine palatine_bone os_palatinum,either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits
3423,palatine_artery arteria_palatina,one of several arteries supplying the face
3424,palatine_vein vena_palatina,a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein
3425,paleencephalon paleoencephalon palaeencephalon,the more primitive parts of the brain phylogenetically; most structures other than the cerebral cortex
3426,paleocerebellum,the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
3427,palingenesis recapitulation,emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species
3428,pallidum globus_pallidus paleostriatum,the inner pale yellow part of the lenticular nucleus
3429,palm thenar,the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers
3430,palm_nut palm_kernel,seed of any oil palm
3431,palm_oil,oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm
3432,palpebra_conjunctiva conjunctival_layer_of_eyelids tunica_conjunctiva_palpebrarum,the part of the conjunctiva lining the posterior surface of the eyelids; continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva
3433,palpebration,repeated blinking or winking (especially if uncontrolled and persistent)
3434,pancreas,a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin
3435,pancreatic_artery arteria_pancreatica,a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas
3436,pancreatic_duct,a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine
3437,pancreatic_vein venae_pancreatica,veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins
3438,pandiculation,yawning and stretching (as when first waking up)
3439,panting heaving,breathing heavily (as after exertion)
3440,papain,a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
3441,papaw pawpaw,fruit with yellow flesh; related to custard apples
3442,papaya,large oval melon-like tropical fruit with yellowish flesh
3443,paper_chromatography,chromatography that uses selective adsorption on a strip of paper
3444,paper_electrophoresis carrier_electrophoresis,electrophoresis carried out on filter paper
3445,papilla,(botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf
3446,papilla,a small nipple-shaped protuberance concerned with taste, touch, or smell; "the papillae of the tongue"
3447,papilla,a small projection of tissue at the base of a hair or tooth or feather
3448,papillary_muscle,any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves; "the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria"
3449,paraduodenal_smear duodenal_smear,alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the duodenum
3450,paraffin paraffin_wax,from crude petroleum; used for candles and for preservative or waterproof coatings
3451,parafovea,area of the retina immediately surrounding the fovea
3452,parallax,the apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object
3453,parallel_operation simultaneous_operation,the simultaneous execution of two or more operations
3454,paramagnetism,materials like aluminum or platinum become magnetized in a magnetic field but it disappears when the field is removed
3455,paranasal_sinus sinus_paranasales nasal_sinus,any of the paired sinuses in the bones of the face adjacent to the nasal cavity that are lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the nasal cavities
3456,paraphilia,abnormal sexual activity
3457,parapodium,one of a pair of fleshy appendages of a polychete annelid that functions in locomotion and breathing
3458,parasympathetic_nervous_system parasympathetic,originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels
3459,parathyroid_gland parathyroid,any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland
3460,paraumbilical_vein vena_paraumbilicalis,small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins
3461,parenchyma,animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels
3462,parenchyma,the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
3463,parietal_bone,either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
3464,parietal_gyrus,any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum
3465,parietal_lobe parietal_cortex,that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying below the crown of the head
3466,parietal_pericardium,the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
3467,parietal_placentation,where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary
3468,parietal_pleura,pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
3469,parieto-occipital_sulcus parieto-occipital_fissure,a sulcus near the posterior end of each hemisphere that separates the parietal lobes and the occipital lobes in both hemispheres
3470,parietomastoid_suture,the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones
3471,paring sliver shaving,a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something
3472,parotid_gland,a large salivary gland that produces 50% of daytime saliva; in human beings it is located in front of and below each ear
3473,parotid_vein,parotid branches of the facial vein; they drain part of the parotid gland and empty into the retromandibular vein
3474,pars_distilis pars_anterior,the anterior part of the anterior pituitary
3475,pars_intermedia,a thin piece of tissue that has become part of the posterior pituitary
3476,parsnip,the whitish root of cultivated parsnip
3477,part piece,a portion of a natural object; "they analyzed the river into three parts"; "he needed a piece of granite"
3478,parthenocarpy,(botany) the development of a fruit without fertilization or seeds
3479,parthenogenesis parthenogeny,process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual; common among insects and some other arthropods
3480,parthenogenesis parthenogeny virgin_birth,human conception without fertilization by a man
3481,partial_veil,membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
3482,particle_beam,a collimated flow of particles (atoms or electrons or molecules)
3483,partition,(anatomy) a structure that separates areas in an organism
3484,parturiency labor labour confinement lying-in travail childbed,concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child; "she was in labor for six hours"
3485,parturition birth giving_birth birthing,the process of giving birth
3486,passage passageway,a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; "the nasal passages"
3487,passage passing,a bodily reaction of changing from one place or stage to another; "the passage of air from the lungs"; "the passing of flatus"
3488,passion_fruit,egg-shaped tropical fruit of certain passionflower vines; used for sherbets and confectionery and drinks
3489,passive_transport,transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required
3490,pastern fetter_bone,the part between the fetlock and the hoof
3491,patella kneecap kneepan,a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint
3492,patent_ductus_arteriosus,a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth; may require surgical correction
3493,pathogenesis,the origination and development of a disease
3494,pathologic_process pathological_process,an organic process occurring as a consequence of disease
3495,paw,a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped
3496,pea,the fruit or seed of a pea plant
3497,pea_soup pea-souper,a heavy thick yellow fog
3498,peace_process,any social process undertaken by governments who want their citizens to believe they are trying to avoid armed hostilities
3499,peach,downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh
3500,peanut,underground pod of the peanut vine
3501,peanut earthnut goober goober_pea groundnut monkey_nut,pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; `groundnut' and `monkey nut' are British terms
3502,peanut_oil groundnut_oil,an oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap
3503,pear,sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties
3504,pearl_sago,sago ground into small round grains
3505,pebble,a small smooth rounded rock
3506,pecan,smooth brown oval nut of south central United States
3507,pectin,any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables; used in making fruit jellies and jams
3508,pectoral pectoral_muscle pectoralis musculus_pectoralis pecs,either of two large muscles of the chest
3509,pectoral_fin,either of a pair of fins situated just behind the head in fishes that help control the direction of movement
3510,pectoral_girdle,a skeletal support to which the forelimbs of vertebrates are attached
3511,pectoral_vein vena_pectoralis,veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein
3512,pectoralis_major musculus_pectoralis_major greater_pectoral_muscle,a skeletal muscle that adducts and rotates the arm
3513,pectoralis_minor musculus_pectoralis_minor smaller_pectoral_muscle,a skeletal muscle that draws down the scapula or raises the ribs
3514,pederasty paederasty,sexual relations between a man and a boy (usually anal intercourse with the boy as a passive partner)
3515,pedicel pedicle,a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle
3516,pedophilia paedophilia,a sexual attraction to children
3517,peduncle,stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
3518,peduncle cerebral_peduncle,a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
3519,peeing pee pissing piss,informal terms for urination; "he took a pee"
3520,peeper,an informal term referring to the eye
3521,pellicle,thin protective membrane in some protozoa
3522,pelvic_cavity,the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera
3523,pelvic_fin ventral_fin,either of a pair of fins attached to the pelvic girdle in fishes that help control the direction of movement; correspond to hind limbs of a land vertebrate
3524,pelvis pelvic_girdle pelvic_arch hip,the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates
3525,pelvis renal_pelvis,a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter
3526,penetration,the act (by a man) of inserting his penis into the vagina of a woman
3527,penicillinase beta-lactamase,enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
3528,penis phallus member,the male sex organ (`member' is a euphemism)
3529,pennon pinion,wing of a bird
3530,pennyroyal_oil,oil from European pennyroyal having an odor like mint; used chiefly in soaps
3531,pennyroyal_oil hedeoma_oil,aromatic oil from American pennyroyal
3532,pentose,any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule
3533,pepsin,an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
3534,pepsinogen,precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
3535,peptide_bond peptide_linkage,the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide
3536,peptization peptisation,the process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution
3537,percolation infiltration,the slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium; "the percolation of rainwater through the soil"; "the infiltration of seawater through the lava"
3538,perennation,the process of living through a number of years (as a perennial plant)
3539,perforated_eardrum,an eardrum with a hole or tear in it; can interfere with normal hearing and cause other ear problems
3540,perforating_vein vena_perforantis,veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein
3541,periarterial_plexus plexus_periarterialis,an autonomic plexus that accompanies an artery
3542,pericardial_cavity pericardial_space,the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement
3543,pericardial_sac,the membrane surrounding the heart
3544,pericardial_vein vena_pericardiaca,several small veins from the pericardium
3545,pericardium,a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart
3546,perimysium,the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of muscle fibers
3547,perineal_artery arteria_perinealis,a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum
3548,perineum,the general region between the anus and the genital organs
3549,perineurium,the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of nerve fibers
3550,periodic_breathing Cheyne-Stokes_respiration,abnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate
3551,periosteum,a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone
3552,peripheral_nervous_system systema_nervosum_periphericum,the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
3553,perisperm,the nutritive tissue outside the sac containing the embryo in some seeds
3554,peristalsis vermiculation,the process of wavelike muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along
3555,peristome,(botany) fringe of toothlike appendages surrounding the mouth of a moss capsule
3556,peristome,region around the mouth in various invertebrates
3557,perithelium,tissue layer around small blood vessels
3558,peritoneal_cavity greater_peritoneal_sac,the interior of the peritoneum; a potential space between layers of the peritoneum
3559,peritoneum,a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
3560,permanent_tooth adult_tooth,any of the 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth of early childhood and (with luck) can last until old age
3561,permeation pervasion suffusion,the process of permeating or infusing something with a substance
3562,peroneal_vein fibular_vein vena_peroneus,accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein
3563,peroneus,muscle of the lower leg that is involved in moving the foot
3564,peroxidase,any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide
3565,persimmon,orange fruit resembling a plum; edible when fully ripe
3566,perspiration sweating diaphoresis sudation hidrosis,the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid; "perspiration is a homeostatic process"
3567,perturbation,(physics) a secondary influence on a system that causes it to deviate slightly
3568,perversion sexual_perversion,an aberrant sexual practice
3569,petiole leafstalk,the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
3570,petiolule,the stalk of a leaflet
3571,petrifaction,a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form
3572,petrifaction petrification,the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape
3573,petroleum crude_oil crude rock_oil fossil_oil oil,a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
3574,phagocytosis,process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection
3575,phalanx,any of the bones of the fingers or toes
3576,pharyngeal_reflex gag_reflex,normal reflex consisting of retching; may be produced by touching the soft palate in the back of the mouth
3577,pharyngeal_tonsil adenoid Luschka's_tonsil third_tonsil tonsilla_pharyngealis tonsilla_adenoidea,a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children"
3578,pharyngeal_vein vena_pharyngeus,veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein
3579,phase form,(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system"
3580,phase_change phase_transition state_change physical_change,a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
3581,phenomenon,any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
3582,phloem bast,(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes
3583,phosphatase,any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
3584,phospholipid,any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes
3585,phosphoprotein,containing chemically bound phosphoric acid
3586,phosphorescence,a fluorescence that persists after the bombarding radiation has ceased
3587,photochemical_exchange,an exchange produced by the chemical action of radiant energy (especially light)
3588,photochemical_reaction,a chemical reaction produced by the action of light
3589,photoconductivity photoconduction,change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation
3590,photoelectric_emission,the release or absorption of quanta above a certain energy level
3591,photoelectricity,electricity generated by light or affected by light
3592,photoemission,an emission of photoelectrons (especially from a metallic surface)
3593,photography,the process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces
3594,photomechanics photoplate_making,the process whereby printing surfaces (plates or cylinders) are produced by photographic methods; "photomechanics revolutionized the practice of printing"
3595,photosynthesis,synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)
3596,phototropism,an orienting response to light
3597,phrenic_nerve nervus_phrenicus,one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
3598,phrenic_vein vena_phrenica,either of two veins that drain the diaphragm
3599,phycomycosis,any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
3600,phyllode,an expanded petiole taking on the function of a leaf blade
3601,physical_entity,an entity that has physical existence
3602,physical_phenomenon,a natural phenomenon involving the physical properties of matter and energy
3603,physiological_sphincter,a sphincter that is not recognizable at autopsy because its resting arrangement cannot be distinguished from adjacent tissue
3604,pia_mater,the highly vascular innermost of the 3 meninges
3605,piezoelectricity piezoelectric_effect piezo_effect,electricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal
3606,pigmentation,the deposition of pigment in animals or plants or human beings
3607,pilomotor_reflex gooseflesh goose_bump goosebump goose_pimple goose_skin horripilation,reflex erection of hairs of the skin in response to cold or emotional stress or skin irritation
3608,pilus,hairlike structure especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism
3609,pin peg stick,informal terms for the leg; "fever left him weak on his sticks"
3610,pine_nut pignolia pinon_nut,edible seed of any of several nut pines especially some pinons of southwestern North America
3611,pineal_gland pineal_body epiphysis_cerebri epiphysis,a small endocrine gland in the brain; situated beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; secretes melatonin
3612,pineapple ananas,large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated
3613,pinguecula,a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
3614,pinocytosis,process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid
3615,pip,a small hard seed found in some fruits
3616,pisang_wax,a wax obtained from the leaves of a plantain
3617,pisiform pisiform_bone os_pisiforme,a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral
3618,pistachio pistachio_nut,nut of Mediterranean trees having an edible green kernel
3619,pistil,the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma
3620,pistillode,a sterile vestigial pistil remaining in a staminate flower
3621,pit fossa,a concavity in a surface (especially an anatomical depression)
3622,pit_of_the_stomach epigastric_fossa,a slight depression in the midline just below the sternum (where a blow can affect the solar plexus)
3623,pitahaya,highly colored edible fruit of pitahaya cactus having bright red juice; often as large as a peach
3624,pith,soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants
3625,pitting roughness indentation,the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
3626,pituitary pituitary_gland pituitary_body hypophysis,the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain
3627,pivot_joint rotary_joint rotatory_joint articulatio_trochoidea,a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation; "the articulation of the radius and ulna in the arm is a pivot joint"
3628,placebo_effect,any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do; pharmacologists were the first to talk about placebo effects but now the idea has been generalized to many situations having nothing to do with drugs
3629,placenta,that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form
3630,placenta,the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
3631,placentation,arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary
3632,placentation,the formation of the placenta in the uterus
3633,planation,the process of erosion whereby a level surface is produced
3634,planetary_nebula,a nebula that was once thought to be a star with its planets but is now thought to be a very hot star surrounded by an expanding envelope of ionized gases that emit a fluorescent glow because of intense radiation from the star
3635,plant_organ,a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
3636,plant_part plant_structure,any part of a plant or fungus
3637,plant_process enation,a natural projection or outgrowth from a plant body or organ
3638,plant_tissue,the tissue of a plant
3639,plantar_reflex,flexion of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front in persons over the age of 2 years; under 2 years the results should be extension of the toes (Babinski reflex)
3640,plasma,(physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; "particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"
3641,plasma_protein,any of the proteins in blood plasma
3642,plasma_thromboplastin_antecedent factor_XI,coagulation factor whose deficiency results in a hemorrhagic tendency
3643,plasmin fibrinolysin,an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
3644,plasminogen,an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents
3645,plasminogen_activator urokinase,protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
3646,plastination,a process involving fixation and dehydration and forced impregnation and hardening of biological tissues; water and lipids are replaced by curable polymers (silicone or epoxy or polyester) that are subsequently hardened; "the plastination of specimens is valuable for research and teaching"
3647,plastron,(zoology) the part of a turtle's shell forming its underside
3648,plate,any flat platelike body structure or part
3649,platysma,either of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck and innervated by the facial nerve; extends from lower jaw to clavicle and is involved in moving the mouth and jaw
3650,pleasure,sexual gratification; "he took his pleasure of her"
3651,pleochroism,the phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions
3652,pleomorphism,(biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms
3653,pleura,the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
3654,pleural_cavity,the cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs and heart
3655,plexus rete,a network of intersecting blood vessels or intersecting nerves or intersecting lymph vessels
3656,plexus_dentalis,a plexus of nerves serving the teeth
3657,plum,any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single pit
3658,plumcot,hybrid between plum and apricot
3659,pneumatophore,an air-filled root (submerged or exposed) that can function as a respiratory organ of a marsh or swamp plant
3660,pock,a pustule in an eruptive disease
3661,pod seedpod,a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
3662,podetium,an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne
3663,pogonion,the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin
3664,polarization polarisation,the phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration
3665,pollen_tube,(botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule
3666,polymerase,an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
3667,polymerization polymerisation,a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound
3668,polymorphism,(biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
3669,polymorphism,(genetics) the genetic variation within a population that natural selection can operate on
3670,polymorphism pleomorphism,(chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound
3671,polynya,a stretch of open water surrounded by ice (especially in Arctic seas)
3672,polysaccharide polyose,any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
3673,polyunsaturated_fat,a class of fats having long carbon chains with many double bonds unsaturated with hydrogen atoms; used in some margarines; supposedly associated with low blood cholesterol
3674,pome false_fruit,a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
3675,pomegranate,large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind
3676,pomelo shaddock,large pear-shaped fruit similar to grapefruit but with coarse dry pulp
3677,pond pool,a small lake; "the pond was too small for sailing"
3678,pond_apple,ovoid yellow fruit with very fragrant peach-colored flesh; related to custard apples
3679,pons pons_Varolii,a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
3680,pool puddle,a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid; "there were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain"; "the body lay in a pool of blood"
3681,popliteal_artery arteria_poplitea,a continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet
3682,popliteal_vein vena_poplitea,a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein
3683,population_growth,increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
3684,pore,any small opening in the skin or outer surface of an animal
3685,porpoise_oil,a yellow fatty oil obtained from porpoises and used as a fine lubricant
3686,porta_hepatis,opening for major blood vessels to enter and leave the liver
3687,portacaval_shunt,shunt that is created surgically between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava so that blood from the abdominal organs can bypass the liver
3688,portal_system,system of veins that carry blood from the abdominal organs to the liver
3689,portal_vein hepatic_portal_vein portal vena_portae,a short vein that carries blood into the liver
3690,position_effect,(genetics) the effect on the expression of a gene that is produced by changing its location in a chromosome
3691,positive_charge,having a deficiency of electrons; having a higher electric potential
3692,positive_chemotaxis,movement toward a chemical stimulus
3693,positive_feedback regeneration,feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input
3694,postcentral_gyrus,the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central sulcus
3695,posterior_cardinal_vein,a major drainage channel from the caudal part of the body
3696,posterior_cerebral_artery,arises from the basilar artery; divides into three branches
3697,posterior_meningeal_artery,branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa
3698,posterior_naris,either one of the two posterior openings at the back of the nasal cavity leading to the nasopharynx
3699,posterior_pituitary posterior_pituitary_gland neurohypophysis pars_nervosa,the posterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature
3700,posterior_serratus_muscle serratus_posterior musculus_serratus_posterior,skeletal muscle that draws the rib cage backward and downward
3701,posterior_temporal_artery arteria_temporalis_posterior,temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe
3702,posterior_vein_of_the_left_ventricle vena_posterior_ventriculi_sinistri,arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus
3703,pot potbelly bay_window corporation tummy,slang for a paunch
3704,potation,the act of drinking (especially an alcoholic drink)
3705,potential_energy P.E.,the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy
3706,potentiation,(medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously
3707,pouch pocket,(anatomy) saclike structure in any of various animals (as a marsupial or gopher or pelican)
3708,powder_photography powder_method powder_technique,a process for identifying minerals or crystals; a small rod is coated with a powdered form of the substance and subjected to suitably modified X-rays; the pattern of diffracted rings is used for identification
3709,power,(physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second)
3710,prairie_gourd,small hard green-and-white inedible fruit of the prairie gourd plant
3711,precentral_gyrus,the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central sulcus and that contains the motor area
3712,precession_of_the_equinoxes,a slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation
3713,prechlorination,chlorination prior to another chemical process
3714,precipitation,the process of forming a chemical precipitate
3715,precipitation downfall,the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)
3716,precipitin,an antibody that causes precipitation when it unites with its antigen
3717,precocious_dentition,teething at an earlier age than expected
3718,precordium,the external surface of the body overlying the heart and stomach
3719,prefrontal_lobe prefrontal_cortex,the anterior part of the frontal lobe
3720,prehensor,the anterior pair of legs of a centipede that are modified to seize prey and inject venom from the toxicognaths
3721,premature_ejaculation,ejaculation during the early stages of sexual excitement or soon after the insertion of the penis into the vagina
3722,premature_labor premature_labour,labor beginning prior to the 37th week of gestation
3723,premolar bicuspid,a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars
3724,prepuce foreskin,a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
3725,prepuce foreskin,a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
3726,prepyloric_vein vena_pylorica,a tributary of the right gastric vein
3727,preservation,a process that saves organic substances from decay
3728,pressure pressure_level force_per_unit_area,the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure"
3729,pressure_point,an area on the skin that is highly sensitive to pressure; "you must know the pressure points in order to administer shiatsu"
3730,prevailing_westerly westerly,the winds from the west that occur in the temperate zones of the Earth
3731,prevailing_wind,the predominant wind direction; "the prevailing wind is from the southwest"
3732,prickly_pear,round or pear-shaped spiny fruit of any of various prickly pear cacti
3733,primary_tooth deciduous_tooth baby_tooth milk_tooth,one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children)
3734,primordium anlage,an organ in its earliest stage of development; the foundation for subsequent development
3735,printing_operation,an operation that controls the printing or display of information
3736,priority_processing,data processing in which the operations performed are determined by a system of priorities
3737,proaccelerin prothrombin_accelerator accelerator_factor factor_V,a coagulation factor
3738,proboscis,the human nose (especially when it is large)
3739,proboscis trunk,a long flexible snout as of an elephant
3740,process outgrowth appendage,a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process"
3741,process physical_process,a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls"
3742,processing,preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
3743,proconvertin cothromboplastin stable_factor factor_VII,a coagulation factor formed in the kidney under the influence of vitamin K
3744,product,a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances; "skill is the product of hours of practice"; "his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue"
3745,professionalization professionalisation,the social process whereby people come to engage in an activity for pay or as a means of livelihood; "the professionalization of American sports"; "the professionalization of warfare"
3746,projection,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else
3747,projection acoustic_projection sound_projection,the acoustic phenomenon that gives sound a penetrating quality; "our ukuleles have been designed to have superior sound and projection"; "a prime ingredient of public speaking is projection of the voice"
3748,prolamine,a simple protein found in plants
3749,proliferation,a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons); "the proliferation of nuclear weapons"
3750,proliferation,growth by the rapid multiplication of parts
3751,promiscuity promiscuousness sleeping_around,indulging in promiscuous (casual and indiscriminate) sexual relations
3752,pronator,a muscle that produces or assists in pronation
3753,pronucleus,the nucleus of the ovum or sperm after fertilization but before they fuse to form the nucleus of the zygote
3754,prop_root,a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves
3755,propagation,the movement of a wave through a medium
3756,prophyll,a plant structure resembling a leaf
3757,propulsion,a propelling force
3758,propyl propyl_group propyl_radical,the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane
3759,prostate_gland prostate,a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen
3760,prostate_specific_antigen PSA,a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
3761,prosthion prostheon alveolar_point,craniometric point that is the most anterior point in the midline on the alveolar process of the maxilla
3762,protamine,a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin
3763,protease peptidase proteinase proteolytic_enzyme,any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
3764,protective_fold,a flap of tissue that protects what it covers
3765,protein,any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
3766,protein_folding folding,the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape; "understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code"
3767,protein_molecule,any large molecule containing chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
3768,proteolysis,the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds
3769,proteome,the full complement of proteins produced by a particular genome
3770,prothorax,the anterior part of an insect's thorax; bears the first pair of legs
3771,prothrombin factor_II,a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
3772,prothrombinase factor_X,coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors
3773,proud_flesh,the swollen tissue around a healing wound or ulcer
3774,prune,dried plum
3775,pruning,something that has been pruned off of a plant
3776,psalterium omasum third_stomach,the third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant
3777,pseudophloem,false phloem
3778,pseudopod pseudopodium,temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion
3779,psilosis,falling out of hair
3780,psoas,either of two muscles of the abdomen and pelvis that flex the trunk and rotate the thigh
3781,psychoanalytic_process,a process that is assumed to occur in psychoanalytic theory
3782,psychogenesis,a general term for the origin and development of almost any aspect of the mind
3783,psychogenesis,the development in the life of an individual of some disorder that is caused by psychological rather than physiological factors
3784,psychomotor_development,progressive acquisition of skills involving both mental and motor activities
3785,psychosexual_development,(psychoanalysis) the process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal stage and then phallic stage and then latency stage and finally genital stage
3786,pterion,the craniometric point in the region of the sphenoid fontanelle
3787,pterygium,either of two thickened triangular layers of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; it arises from irritation of the pinguecula
3788,pterygoid_muscle,muscle descending from the sphenoid bone to the lower jaw
3789,pterygoid_plexus,a plexus of veins draining the region of the pterygoid muscles and draining into the internal maxillary and anterior facial veins
3790,pterygoid_process,two bony processes descending from the body of the sphenoid bone
3791,ptyalin,an amylase secreted in saliva
3792,ptyalism,excessive flow of saliva
3793,ptyalith,calculus in a salivary gland
3794,pubes pubic_region loins,the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs
3795,pubis pubic_bone os_pubis,one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis
3796,pudding_face pudding-face,a large fat human face
3797,pudendal_artery arteria_pudenda,arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans
3798,pudendal_cleft urogenital_cleft rima_pudendi rima_vulvae pudendal_cleavage pudendal_slit vulvar_slit,the fissure between the labia majora
3799,pudendal_vein venae_pudendum,vein of the pudendum
3800,pudendum,human external genital organs collectively especially of a female
3801,puff drag pull,a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke); "he took a puff on his pipe"; "he took a drag on his cigarette and expelled the smoke slowly"
3802,puff puff_of_air whiff,a short light gust of air
3803,puffing,blowing tobacco smoke out into the air; "they smoked up the room with their ceaseless puffing"
3804,puffing huffing snorting,an act of forcible exhalation
3805,pug_nose,a short nose; flattened and turned up at the end
3806,pulasan pulassan,fruit of an East Indian tree similar to the rambutan but sweeter
3807,pull,the force used in pulling; "the pull of the moon"; "the pull of the current"
3808,pullulation,a rapid and abundant increase
3809,pullulation gemmation,asexual reproduction in which a local growth on the surface or in the body of the parent becomes a separate individual
3810,pulmonary_artery arteria_pulmonalis,one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs
3811,pulmonary_circulation,circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
3812,pulmonary_plexis plexus_pulmonalis,one of two autonomic nerve plexuses in each lung
3813,pulmonary_trunk truncus_pulmonalis,the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries
3814,pulmonary_valve,a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart
3815,pulmonary_vein vena_pulmonalis,any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
3816,pulp,a mixture of cellulose fibers
3817,pulp,the soft inner part of a tooth
3818,pulp flesh,a soft moist part of a fruit
3819,pulp_cavity,the central cavity of a tooth containing the pulp (including the root canal)
3820,pulsation,a periodically recurring phenomenon that alternately increases and decreases some quantity
3821,pumpkin_seed,the edible seed of a pumpkin
3822,pupillary_sphincter musculus_sphincter_pupillae,a ring of smooth muscle surrounding the iris
3823,puppy_fat,fat on the body of a baby or child; disappears at adolescence
3824,purchase,a means of exerting influence or gaining advantage; "he could get no purchase on the situation"
3825,push thrust,the force used in pushing; "the push of the water on the walls of the tank"; "the thrust of the jet engines"
3826,pustule,a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus; a blister filled with pus
3827,putamen,the outer reddish part of the lenticular nucleus
3828,pycnidium,flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia
3829,pyloric_sphincter pyloric_valve musculus_sphincter_pylori,the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum
3830,pyloric_vein right_gastric_vein vena_gastrica-dextra,receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein
3831,pylorus,a small circular opening between the stomach and the duodenum
3832,pyramidal_tract pyramidal_motor_system corticospinal_tract,any of the important motor nerves on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral root of the spinal cord
3833,pyrene,the small hard nutlet of a drupe or drupelet; the seed and the hard endocarp that surrounds it
3834,pyriform_area piriform_area pyriform_lobe piriform_lobe,pear-shaped neural structure on either side of the brain in the rhinencephalon
3835,pyrochemical_process pyrochemistry,processes for chemical reactions at high temperatures
3836,pyroelectricity,generation of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature
3837,pyxidium pyxis,fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released
3838,quadriceps quadriceps_femoris musculus_quadriceps_femoris quad,a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg
3839,quadrupling,increase by a factor of four
3840,quandong blue_fig,the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree
3841,quandong quandang quantong native_peach,red Australian fruit; used for dessert or in jam
3842,quandong_nut,edible nutlike seed of the quandong fruit
3843,quellung quellung_reaction,the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms; "pneumococcus quellung"
3844,quick,any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain (as the flesh underneath the skin or a fingernail or toenail)
3845,quickening,the process of showing signs of life; "the quickening of seed that will become ripe grain"
3846,quickset,cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines; "a quickset of a vine planted in a vineyard"
3847,quill,a stiff hollow protective spine on a porcupine or hedgehog
3848,quill calamus shaft,the hollow spine of a feather
3849,quince,aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves
3850,quintupling,increasing by a factor of five
3851,rachis,axis of a compound leaf or compound inflorescence
3852,radial_artery arteria_radialis,branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm
3853,radial_nerve nervus_radialis musculospiral_nerve,largest branch of the brachial plexus; extends down the humerus to the lateral epicondyle where it divides into one branch that goes to the skin on the back of the hand and another that goes to the underlying extensor muscles
3854,radial_vein vena_radialis,superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein
3855,radiance glow glowing,the amount of electromagnetic radiation leaving or arriving at a point on a surface
3856,radiant_energy,energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter
3857,radiant_heating,heating a building by radiation from panels containing hot water or electrical heaters
3858,radiation,a radial arrangement of nerve fibers connecting different parts of the brain
3859,radiation,energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles
3860,radiation,the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats
3861,radiation radioactivity,the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay
3862,radiation_field,a field that represents the energy lost from the radiator to space
3863,radiation_pressure corpuscular-radiation_pressure,the minute pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a wave
3864,radiator,any object that radiates energy
3865,radicle,(anatomy) a small structure resembling a rootlet (such as a fibril of a nerve)
3866,radio_signal,a radio wave used to transmit and receive messages
3867,radio_source,an object that radiates radio waves
3868,radio_wave radio_emission radio_radiation,an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m
3869,radiography skiagraphy,the process of making a radiograph; producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light
3870,radiolysis,molecular disintegration resulting from radiation
3871,radiopacity radio-opacity,opacity to X-rays or other radiation
3872,radish,pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants
3873,radius,the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm
3874,raffinose,a trisaccharide that occurs in sugar beets and cotton seeds and certain cereals
3875,rain rainfall,water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
3876,rain-wash,the washing away of soil or other loose material by rain
3877,rainstorm,a storm with rain
3878,raisin,dried grape
3879,rally,a marked recovery of strength or spirits during an illness
3880,rambutan rambotan,pleasantly acid bright red oval Malayan fruit covered with soft spines
3881,ramus,the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
3882,rape_oil rapeseed_oil colza_oil,edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant
3883,rapeseed,seed of rape plants; source of an edible oil
3884,rapid,a part of a river where the current is very fast
3885,raspberry,red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries
3886,rationalization rationalisation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening
3887,rattan rattan_cane,the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes
3888,rattle,loosely connected horny sections at the end of a rattlesnake's tail
3889,raw_weather,unpleasantly cold and damp weather
3890,ray,a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence
3891,ray,any of the stiff bony spines in the fin of a fish
3892,reactance,opposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance)
3893,reaction,(mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; "every action has an equal and opposite reaction"
3894,reaction,a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude; "he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance"; "John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp"
3895,reaction response,a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age"
3896,reaction_formation,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them; "his strict morality is just a reaction formation to hide his sexual drive"
3897,reaction_propulsion,propulsion that results from the ejection at high velocity of a mass of gas to which the vehicle reacts with an equal and opposite momentum
3898,reagin,an immunoglobulin E that is formed as an antibody against allergens (such as pollen); attaches to cell membranes causing the release of histamine and other substances responsible for the local inflammation characteristic of an allergy
3899,real-time_processing real-time_operation,data processing fast enough to keep up with an outside process
3900,rebound,a reaction to a crisis or setback or frustration; "he is still on the rebound from his wife's death"
3901,receptacle,enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
3902,receptor,a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
3903,reciprocal_cross reciprocal,hybridization involving a pair of crosses that reverse the sexes associated with each genotype
3904,recognition,(biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape; "molecular recognition drives all of biology, for instance, hormone and receptor or antibody-antigen interactions or the organization of molecules into larger biologically active entities"
3905,recombinant_protein,a protein derived from recombinant DNA
3906,rectal_artery arteria_rectalis,one of the arteries supplying the rectal area
3907,rectification,(chemistry) the process of refinement or purification of a substance by distillation
3908,rectum,the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus
3909,rectus,any of various straight muscles
3910,red_currant,small red berries used primarily in jams and jellies
3911,red_marrow red_bone_marrow,bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
3912,red_shift redshift,(astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding
3913,redeposition,deposition from one deposit to another
3914,reducing,loss of excess weight (as by dieting); becoming slimmer; "a doctor supervised her reducing"
3915,reductase,an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
3916,reduction reducing,any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent
3917,refilling replenishment replacement renewal,filling again by supplying what has been used up
3918,refining refinement purification,the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.)
3919,reflation,inflation of currency after a period of deflation; restore the system to a previous state
3920,reflection reflexion,the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface
3921,reflex reflex_response reflex_action instinctive_reflex innate_reflex inborn_reflex unconditioned_reflex physiological_reaction,an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus
3922,reflex_arc,the neural path of a reflex
3923,refraction,the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another
3924,refrigeration infrigidation,the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes
3925,regeneration,(biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
3926,regression,(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state
3927,regulation,(embryology) the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered
3928,rejection,(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign; "rejection of the transplanted liver"
3929,rejuvenation greening,the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored; "the annual rejuvenation of the landscape"
3930,relaxation,(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers
3931,relaxation relaxation_behavior,(physics) the exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbance
3932,release,a process that liberates or discharges something; "there was a sudden release of oxygen"; "the release of iodine from the thyroid gland"
3933,reluctance,(physics) opposition to magnetic flux (analogous to electric resistance)
3934,renal_artery arteria_renalis,an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
3935,renal_cortex,the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules
3936,renal_vein vena_renalis,veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra
3937,renin,a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
3938,rennin chymosin,an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
3939,repercussion reverberation,a remote or indirect consequence of some action; "his declaration had unforeseen repercussions"; "reverberations of the market crash were felt years later"
3940,repletion surfeit,eating until excessively full
3941,replication,(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
3942,repression,(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
3943,reproduction,the process of generating offspring
3944,reproduction procreation breeding facts_of_life,the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring
3945,reproductive_organ sex_organ,any organ involved in sexual reproduction
3946,reproductive_structure,the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
3947,reproductive_system genital_system,organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring
3948,repulsion repulsive_force,the force by which bodies repel one another
3949,reservoir artificial_lake man-made_lake,lake used to store water for community use
3950,reservoir source,anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies; "an infectious agent depends on a reservoir for its survival"
3951,residual_oil resid,oil products that remain after petroleum has been distilled
3952,resistance,any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
3953,resolution,(computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture
3954,resolving_power resolution,the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together
3955,resonance,an excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation
3956,resorption reabsorption,the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation
3957,respiration,a single complete act of breathing in and out; "thirty respirations per minute"
3958,respiration internal_respiration cellular_respiration,the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs
3959,respiratory_center,the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
3960,respiratory_organ,any organ involved in the process of respiration
3961,respiratory_system systema_respiratorium,the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide; in terrestrial animals this is accomplished by breathing
3962,respiratory_tract airway,the passages through which air enters and leaves the body
3963,response,a result; "this situation developed in response to events in Africa"
3964,rest_energy,the energy equivalent to the mass of a particle at rest in an inertial frame of reference; equal to the rest mass times the square of the speed of light
3965,resting_potential,the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse
3966,restriction_endonuclease restriction_nuclease restriction_enzyme,any of the enzymes that cut nucleic acid at specific restriction sites and produce restriction fragments; obtained from bacteria (where they cripple viral invaders); used in recombinant DNA technology
3967,restriction_fragment,the fragment of DNA that is produced by cleaving DNA with a restriction enzyme
3968,rete_testis,network of tubules carrying sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia
3969,reticulation,(photography) the formation of a network of cracks or wrinkles in a photographic emulsion
3970,reticuloendothelial_system RES,a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells
3971,reticulum second_stomach,the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant
3972,retina,the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
3973,retrieval,(computer science) the operation of accessing information from the computer's memory
3974,retromandibular_vein vena_retromandibularis posterior_facial_vein,posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear
3975,reuptake re-uptake,a process of using up or consuming again; "psychopharmacologists discovered that amine reuptake is a process that inactivates monoamine neurotransmitters"
3976,reverse_osmosis,(chemistry) a method of producing pure water; a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane in a direction opposite to that for natural osmosis when it is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure
3977,reverse_transcriptase,a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses
3978,reversible_process,any process in which a system can be made to pass through the same states in the reverse order when the process is reversed
3979,rheumatoid_factor,autoantibody that is usually present in the serum of people with rheumatoid arthritis
3980,rhinencephalon olfactory_brain,a center in the cerebral hemispheres that governs the sense of smell in lower animals; in humans it seems to mediate complex emotional behavior
3981,rhinion,the anterior tip at the end of the suture of the nasal bones
3982,rhinosporidiosis,fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
3983,rhizome rootstock rootstalk,a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
3984,rhomboid rhomboid_muscle,any of several muscles of the upper back that help move the shoulder blade
3985,rhomboid_minor_muscle lesser_rhomboid_muscle musculus_rhomboideus_minor,rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the vertebral column and slightly upward
3986,rhomboideus_major_muscle greater_rhomboid_muscle musculus_rhomboideus_major,rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the spinal column
3987,rib,a riblike supporting or strengthening part of an animal or plant
3988,rib costa,any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
3989,rib_cage,the bony enclosing wall of the chest
3990,ribier,dark reddish-purple table grape of California
3991,ribonuclease ribonucleinase RNase,a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid
3992,ribose,a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
3993,ribosome,an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell; "the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis"
3994,ricin ricin_toxin,a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon; "one milligram of ricin can kill an adult"
3995,ridge,any long raised border or margin of a bone or tooth or membrane
3996,right right_hand,the hand that is on the right side of the body; "he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left"; "hit him with quick rights to the body"
3997,right_atrium right_atrium_of_the_heart atrium_dextrum,the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
3998,right_coronary_artery,arises from the right aortic sinus; supplies the right side of the heart
3999,right_gastric_artery ateria_gastrica_dextra,a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature
4000,right_hemisphere right_brain,the cerebral hemisphere to the right of the corpus callosum that controls the left half of the body
4001,right_ventricle,the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
4002,rigor_mortis,muscular stiffening that begins 2 to 4 hours after death and lasts for about 4 days
4003,rill,a small channel (as one formed by soil erosion)
4004,rima,a narrow elongated opening or fissure between two symmetrical parts
4005,rima_glottidis rima_vocalis true_glottis glottis_vera,the space between the two true vocal folds
4006,rima_vestibuli rima_respiratoria false_glottis glottis_spuria,the opening between the false vocal folds
4007,ring_finger annualry,the third finger (especially of the left hand)
4008,rip riptide tide_rip crosscurrent countercurrent,a stretch of turbulent water in a river or the sea caused by one current flowing into or across another current
4009,ripening aging ageing,acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time
4010,river,a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek); "the river was navigable for 50 miles"
4011,river_boulder,a boulder that has been carried by a river to a place remote from its place of origin
4012,rivulet rill run runnel streamlet,a small stream
4013,rock stone,a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; "he threw a rock at me"
4014,rocket_propulsion,reaction propulsion using stored oxygen for combustion; used where there is insufficient atmospheric oxygen
4015,root,(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
4016,root,the embedded part of a bodily structure such as a tooth, nail, or hair
4017,root_canal,the passage in the root of a tooth through which its nerve and blood vessels enter the pulp cavity
4018,root_cap,thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
4019,root_hair,thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
4020,rooting,the process of putting forth roots and beginning to grow
4021,rooting_reflex,reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek
4022,rootlet,small root or division of a root
4023,rootstock,root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots
4024,rose_apple,fragrant oval yellowish tropical fruit used in jellies and confections
4025,rotator_cuff,a supporting structure of the shoulder consisting of the muscles and tendons that attach the arm to the shoulder joint and enable the arm to move
4026,round_bone,bones that are round in shape
4027,round_ligament_of_the_uterus ligamentum_teres_uteri,ligament attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the Fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal canal to the labia majora
4028,row,a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally); "a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds"; "rows of barbed wire protected the trenches"
4029,rowanberry,decorative red berrylike fruit of a rowan tree
4030,rudiment,the remains of a body part that was functional at an earlier stage of life; "Meckel's diverticulum is the rudiment of the embryonic yolk sac"
4031,ruga,(anatomy) a fold or wrinkle or crease; "rugae of the stomach"
4032,rumen first_stomach,the first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; here food is collected and returned to the mouth as cud for chewing
4033,rumination,regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding
4034,rust rusting,the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
4035,rye,the seed of the cereal grass
4036,sac,a structure resembling a bag in an animal
4037,saccule sacculus,a small sac or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth)
4038,sacral_nerve,any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the sacral region of the spinal cord
4039,sacral_plexus plexus_sacralis,a nerve plexus formed by the 4th and 5th lumbar and 1st, 2nd, 3rd sacral nerves; supplies the pelvic region and lower limbs
4040,sacral_vein vena_sacralis,vein of the sacral region
4041,sacral_vertebra,one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum
4042,sacrum,wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx
4043,saddle,posterior part of the back of a domestic fowl
4044,safe_sex,sexual activity (especially sexual intercourse) with the use of measures (such as latex condoms) to avoid the transmission of disease (especially AIDS)
4045,safflower_oil,oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints
4046,safflower_oil,oil from seeds of the safflower plant
4047,safflower_seed,seed of the safflower
4048,sagittal_suture interparietal_suture sutura_sagittalis,the suture uniting the two parietal bones
4049,sago,powdery starch from certain sago palms; used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener
4050,salad_oil,any of several edible vegetable oils that can be used in salad dressings
4051,salivary_duct,a duct through which saliva passes from the salivary gland into the mouth
4052,salivary_gland,any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion
4053,salivation,the secretion of saliva
4054,salmon_oil,a fatty oil obtained from the wastes in canning salmon; used in making soap and dressing leather
4055,salpinx,a tube in the uterus or the ear
4056,salsify oyster_plant,edible root of the salsify plant
4057,saltation,(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface
4058,sample,all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
4059,sandblast,a blast of wind laden with sand
4060,saphenous_nerve nervus_saphenus,a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot
4061,saphenous_vein vena_saphena,either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot
4062,sapodilla sapodilla_plum sapota,tropical fruit with a rough brownish skin and very sweet brownish pulp
4063,saponification,a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
4064,sapote mammee marmalade_plum,brown oval fruit flesh makes excellent sherbet
4065,sarcolemma,an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
4066,sarcomere,one of the segments into which a myofibril is divided
4067,sarcosome,a large mitochondrion in a striated muscle fiber
4068,sardine_oil,oil obtained from sardines and used chiefly as a lubricant and in soap
4069,sarsaparilla_root,dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent
4070,sartorius sartorius_muscle musculus_sartorius,a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body
4071,saskatoon serviceberry shadberry juneberry,edible purple or red berries
4072,sassafras_oil,oil from root bark of sassafras trees; used in perfumery and as a disinfectant
4073,satsuma,medium-sized largely seedless mandarin orange with thin smooth skin
4074,scale scurf exfoliation,a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin
4075,scale_wax paraffin_scale,partly refined paraffin wax
4076,scalenus scalene_muscle musculus_scalenus,any of four pairs of muscles extending from the cervical vertebrae to the second rib; involved in moving the neck and in breathing
4077,scalp,the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
4078,scanning,the process of translating photographs into a digital form that can be recognized by a computer
4079,scape flower_stalk,erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
4080,scaphoid_bone os_scaphoideum navicular,the largest wrist bone on the thumb side
4081,scapula shoulder_blade shoulder_bone,either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
4082,scar_tissue,the connective tissue that forms a scar; consists of fibroblasts in new scars and collagen fibers in old scars
4083,scatophagy,the eating of excrement or other filth
4084,scattering,the physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions
4085,scattering sprinkle sprinkling,a light shower that falls in some locations and not others nearby
4086,schizocarp,a dry dehiscent fruit that at maturity splits into two or more parts each with a single seed
4087,schizogony,asexual reproduction by multiple fission; characteristic of many sporozoan protozoans
4088,sciatic_nerve nervus_ischiadicus,arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves
4089,scintillation,(physics) a flash of light that is produced in a phosphor when it absorbs a photon or ionizing particle
4090,sclera sclerotic_coat,the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball
4091,scleral_veins venae_sclerales,tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye
4092,scleroprotein albuminoid,a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye
4093,scorcher,an extremely hot day
4094,scraping,(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected; "they collected blood scrapings for analysis"
4095,screw_bean,spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed
4096,scrotal_vein vena_scrotalis,veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins
4097,scrotum,the external pouch that contains the testes
4098,scuppernong,amber-green muscadine grape of southeastern United States
4099,scurf,(botany) a covering that resembles scales or bran that covers some plant parts
4100,scut,a short erect tail
4101,sea,a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
4102,sea,turbulent water with swells of considerable size; "heavy seas"
4103,sea-level_pressure,the atmospheric pressure reduced by a formula to the pressure at sea level
4104,sea_breeze,a cooling breeze from the sea (during the daytime)
4105,seal_oil,a pale yellow to red-brown fatty oil obtained from seal blubber; used in making soap and dressing leather and as a lubricant
4106,seaquake submarine_earthquake,an earthquake at the sea bed
4107,search lookup,an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property; "they wrote a program to do a table lookup"
4108,sebaceous_gland sebaceous_follicle glandulae_sebaceae,a cutaneous gland that secretes sebum (usually into a hair follicle) for lubricating hair and skin
4109,seckel seckel_pear,small yellowish- to reddish-brown pear
4110,second_wind,the return of relatively easy breathing after initial exhaustion during continuous exertion
4111,secondary_emission,the emission of electrons from a surface that is bombarded by higher energy primary electrons
4112,secretase,a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
4113,secretion secernment,the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
4114,section,a segment of a citrus fruit; "he ate a section of the orange"
4115,section,a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope; "sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue"
4116,security_blanket,anything that an adult person uses to reduce anxiety
4117,seed,a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa
4118,seed,a small hard fruit
4119,seeded_raisin,seeded grape that has been dried
4120,seedless_raisin sultana,dried seedless grape
4121,segment,one of the parts into which something naturally divides; "a segment of an orange"
4122,segregation,(genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes
4123,self-induction,generation of an electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit by changing the current in that circuit; usually measured in henries
4124,self-stimulation self-abuse,manual stimulation of your own genital organ for sexual pleasure
4125,semicircular_canal,one of three tube loops filled with fluid and in planes nearly at right angles with one another; concerned with equilibrium
4126,semilunar_valve,a heart valve with cusps shaped like half-moons; prevents blood from flowing back into the heart
4127,seminal_duct,the efferent duct of the testis in man
4128,seminal_vesicle,either of a pair of glands located on either side of the male urinary bladder that open into the vas deferens and that secrete many components of semen during ejaculation
4129,seminiferous_tubule,any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature
4130,semipermeable_membrane,a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others
4131,senega,dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin
4132,sense_organ sensory_receptor receptor,an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation
4133,sensitization sensitisation,(psychology) the process of becoming highly sensitive to specific events or situations (especially emotional events or situations)
4134,sensorimotor_area sensorimotor_region,an area of the cortex including the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus and combining sensory and motor functions
4135,sensorium,the areas of the brain that process and register incoming sensory information and make possible the conscious awareness of the world
4136,sensory_nerve afferent_nerve afferent,a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system
4137,sensory_system,the body's system of sense organs
4138,septum,(anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities
4139,septum,a partition or wall especially in an ovary
4140,sequestration,the action of forming a chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom or molecule so that it is no longer available for reactions
4141,serendipity,good luck in making unexpected and fortunate discoveries
4142,serial_operation sequential_operation consecutive_operation,the sequential execution of operations one after another
4143,serial_processing,sequential processing by two or more processing units
4144,sericulture,raising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk
4145,serous_membrane serosa,a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid
4146,serratus serratus_muscles,any of several muscles of the trunk
4147,serratus_posterior_inferior,a thin quadrilateral muscle at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions; acts to counteract the pull of the diaphragm on the ribs to which it is attached
4148,serratus_posterior_superior,a thin quadrilateral muscle of the upper and dorsal part of the thorax; acts to elevate the upper ribs
4149,serum_albumin,albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood
4150,serum_globulin,globulins occurring in blood serum and containing most of the antibodies of the blood
4151,servicing service,the act of mating by male animals; "the bull was worth good money in servicing fees"
4152,sesame_oil,oil obtained from sesame seeds
4153,sesamoid_bone sesamoid os_sesamoideum,any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint
4154,seta,a stiff hair or bristle
4155,seta,stalk of a moss capsule
4156,seven_seas,an informal expression for all of the oceans of the world; "the old salt had sailed the seven seas"
4157,sex_linkage,an association between genes in sex chromosomes that makes some characteristics appear more frequently in one sex than in the other
4158,sexual_activity sexual_practice sex sex_activity,activities associated with sexual intercourse; "they had sex in the back seat"
4159,sexual_intercourse intercourse sex_act copulation coitus coition sexual_congress sexual_relation relation carnal_knowledge,sexual activity between individuals, especially the insertion of a man's penis into a woman's vagina until orgasm and ejaculation occur
4160,sexual_love lovemaking making_love love love_life,sexual activities (often including sexual intercourse) between two people; "his lovemaking disgusted her"; "he hadn't had any love in months"; "he has a very complicated love life"
4161,sexual_reproduction amphimixis,reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete
4162,shag,a matted tangle of hair or fiber; "the dog's woolly shag"
4163,shale_oil,oil extracted from oil shale by heating
4164,shallot,aggregate bulb of the multiplier onion
4165,shank,the part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle
4166,shank's_mare shanks'_mare shank's_pony shanks'_pony,you own legs; "I traveled on shank's mare"
4167,shaping defining,any process serving to define the shape of something
4168,shark_oil shark-liver_oil,a fatty yellow to brown oil obtained from the livers of sharks; used for dressing leather and as a source of vitamin A
4169,shedding sloughing,the process whereby something is shed
4170,shellac_wax lac_wax,a hard wax separated from shellac by its insolubility in alcohol
4171,shin,the front part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle
4172,shit dump,a coarse term for defecation; "he took a shit"
4173,shoal shallow,a stretch of shallow water
4174,shock seismic_disturbance,an instance of agitation of the earth's crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch"
4175,shoot,a new branch
4176,shore_boulder,a boulder found on a shore remote from its place of origin
4177,short_bone os_breve,a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions
4178,short_gastric_artery arteria_gastrica_breves vasa_brevis,several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach
4179,short_saphenous_vein,a vein running from the foot up the back of the leg to the knee
4180,short_wave,a radio wave with a wavelength less than 100 meters (a frequency greater than 3 megahertz)
4181,shortening,fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods
4182,shoulder,the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
4183,shoulder shoulder_joint articulatio_humeri,a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula
4184,shoulder_girdle pectoral_arch,the bony arch formed by the collarbones and shoulder blades in humans
4185,shower rain_shower,a brief period of precipitation; "the game was interrupted by a brief shower"
4186,shunt,a passage by which a bodily fluid (especially blood) is diverted from one channel to another; "an arteriovenus shunt"
4187,sialolith salivary_calculus,a stone formed in the salivary gland
4188,side,either the left or right half of a body; "he had a pain in his side"
4189,side_effect fallout,any adverse and unwanted secondary effect; "a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal"
4190,siesta,a nap in the early afternoon (especially in hot countries)
4191,sieve_tube,tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae
4192,sigmoid_colon sigmoid_flexure,the s-shaped curve between the descending colon and the rectum
4193,sigmoid_sinus sinus_sigmoideus,an S-shaped dural sinus on the temporal and occipital bones
4194,sigmoid_vein vena_sigmoideus,tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon
4195,signal,an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes
4196,silk_gland serictery sericterium,silk-producing gland of insects (especially of a silkworm) or spiders
4197,sill,(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock
4198,simoom simoon samiel,a violent hot sand-laden wind on the deserts of Arabia and North Africa
4199,simple_eye stemma ocellus,an eye having a single lens
4200,simple_fruit bacca,an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
4201,simple_pistil,consists of one carpel
4202,simple_protein,a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed
4203,sinciput,the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)
4204,single_nucleotide_polymorphism SNP,(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species
4205,sink,(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system; "the ocean is a sink for carbon dioxide"
4206,sinking_spell,a temporary decline in health or value
4207,sinus,any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull
4208,sinusoid,tiny endothelium-lined passages for blood in the tissue of an organ
4209,sip,a small drink
4210,siphon syphon,a tubular organ in an aquatic animal (especially in mollusks) through which water can be taken in or expelled
4211,skeletal_muscle striated_muscle,a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes
4212,skeletal_structure,any structure created by the skeleton of an organism
4213,skeletal_system skeleton frame systema_skeletale,the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal
4214,ski_wax,wax used on the bottom of skis
4215,skin tegument cutis,a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
4216,skin_effect,the tendency of high-frequency alternating current to distribute near the surface of a conductor
4217,skin_graft,a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
4218,skull,the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
4219,sky_glow,illumination of the night sky in urban areas
4220,sky_wave,a radio wave that is reflected back to earth by the ionosphere or a communications satellite; permits transmission around the curve of the earth's surface
4221,sleep_talking somniloquy somniloquism,uttering speech while asleep
4222,sleeping,the suspension of consciousness and decrease in metabolic rate
4223,sleepwalking somnambulism somnambulation noctambulism noctambulation,walking by a person who is asleep
4224,sleet,partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)
4225,slice,a thin flat piece cut off of some object
4226,slippage,a decrease of transmitted power in a mechanical system caused by slipping
4227,slippage,decline from a standard level of performance or achievement
4228,slipskin_grape,a grape whose skin slips readily from the pulp
4229,slipstream airstream race backwash wash,the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller
4230,sloe,small sour dark purple fruit of especially the Allegheny plum bush
4231,slump slack drop-off falloff falling_off,a noticeable deterioration in performance or quality; "the team went into a slump"; "a gradual slack in output"; "a drop-off in attendance"; "a falloff in quality"
4232,small,the slender part of the back
4233,small_intestine,the longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed
4234,smear cytologic_smear cytosmear,a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope
4235,smoke fume,a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas
4236,smoke smoking,a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles"
4237,smoke smoking,the act of smoking tobacco or other substances; "he went outside for a smoke"; "smoking stinks"
4238,smooth_muscle,muscle tissue that does not appear striated under the microscope; has the form of thin layers or sheets
4239,smooth_muscle involuntary_muscle,a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
4240,smother,a stifling cloud of smoke
4241,sneeze sneezing sternutation,a symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose
4242,snivel sniveling,whining in a tearful manner
4243,snogging,(British informal) cuddle and kiss
4244,snore snoring stertor,the act of snoring or producing a snoring sound
4245,snout neb,a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose
4246,snout rostrum,beaklike projection of the anterior part of the head of certain insects such as e.g. weevils
4247,snow snowfall,precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals
4248,snuffle sniffle snivel,the act of breathing heavily through the nose (as when the nose is congested)
4249,soak soakage soaking,the process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid); "a good soak put life back in the wagon"
4250,sob sobbing,convulsive gasp made while weeping
4251,social_process,a process involved in the formation of groups of persons
4252,socket,a bony hollow into which a structure fits
4253,sodium_nitrite,nitrite used to preserve and color food especially in meat and fish products; implicated in the formation of suspected carcinogens
4254,sodomy buggery anal_sex anal_intercourse,intercourse via the anus, committed by a man with a man or woman
4255,soft_palate velum,a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
4256,softening,the process of becoming softer; "refrigeration delayed the softening of the fruit"; "he observed the softening of iron by heat"
4257,soil_erosion,the washing away of soil by the flow of water
4258,soixante-neuf sixty-nine,oral sex practiced simultaneously by two people
4259,solar_energy solar_power,energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy; "the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy"
4260,solar_flare flare,a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference
4261,solar_gravity,the gravity of the sun; "solar gravity creates extreme pressures and temperatures"
4262,solar_halo parhelic_circle parhelic_ring,a luminous halo parallel to the horizon at the altitude of the sun; caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere
4263,solar_magnetic_field,the magnetic field of the sun
4264,solar_parallax,the angle subtended by the mean equatorial radius of the Earth at a distance of one astronomical unit
4265,solar_plexus coeliac_plexus plexus_celiacus abdominal_nerve_plexus,a large plexus of sympathetic nerves in the abdomen behind the stomach
4266,solar_prominence,large eruptions of luminous hydrogen gas that rise thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere
4267,solar_radiation,radiation from the sun
4268,solar_wind,a stream of protons moving radially from the sun
4269,sole,the underside of the foot
4270,soleus soleus_muscle,a broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg under the gastrocnemius muscle
4271,solid solidness solid_state,the state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under moderate stress; resists forces (such as compression) that tend to deform it; and retains a definite size and shape
4272,solvation,a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound
4273,sonic_barrier sound_barrier,the increase in aerodynamic drag as an airplane approaches the speed of sound
4274,sorb sorb_apple,acid gritty-textured fruit
4275,sorption,the process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption)
4276,sort sorting,an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion; "the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting"
4277,sorus,a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi
4278,sorus,cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond
4279,souari_nut,a large nutlike seed of a South American tree
4280,sound,a large ocean inlet or deep bay; "the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast"
4281,sound,mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; "falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them"
4282,sound_pressure instantaneous_sound_pressure,the difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point
4283,sour_cherry,acid cherries used for pies and preserves
4284,sour_gourd,acid-tasting Australian gourd-like fruit with a woody rind and large seeds
4285,sour_gourd monkey_bread,African gourd-like fruit with edible pulp
4286,source,(technology) a process by which energy or a substance enters a system; "a heat source"; "a source of carbon dioxide"
4287,souring,the process of becoming sour
4288,soursop guanabana,large spiny tropical fruit with tart pulp related to custard apples
4289,south_wind souther southerly,a wind from the south
4290,southeaster sou'easter,a strong wind from the southeast
4291,southwester sou'wester,a strong wind from the southwest
4292,soy soybean soya_bean,a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food
4293,soybean_oil soyabean_oil,oil from soya beans
4294,spadix,the fleshy axis of a spike often surrounded by a spathe
4295,spall spawl,a fragment broken off from the edge or face of stone or ore and having at least one thin edge; "a truck bearing a mound of blue spalls"
4296,spallation,(physics) a nuclear reaction in which a bombarded nucleus breaks up into many particles; "some astronomers believe that the solar system was formed by spallation when the sun was a very young star"
4297,spare_tire love_handle,excess fat around the waistline
4298,spark,a small fragment of a burning substance thrown out by burning material or by friction
4299,specialization specialisation differentiation,(biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function; "cell differentiation in the developing embryo"
4300,speciation,the evolution of a biological species
4301,specific_heat,the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade
4302,specimen,a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; "they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis"
4303,speech_organ vocal_organ organ_of_speech,any of the organs involved in speech production
4304,sperm_oil,an animal oil found in the blubber of the sperm whale
4305,spermaceti,a white waxy substance from oil of the sperm whale
4306,spermatic_cord,a structure resembling a cord that suspends the testis within the scrotum and contains the vas deferens and other vessels and nerves
4307,spermatogenesis,development of spermatozoa
4308,sphenion,the anterior tip of the parietal bone
4309,sphenoid_bone sphenoid os_sphenoidale,butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
4310,sphenoid_fontanelle sphenoid_fontanel sphenoidal_fontanelle sphenoidal_fontanel,the irregularly shaped area on either side of the cranium where the frontal bone and the anterior tip of the parietal bone and the temporal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone meet; corresponds to the pterion when bones have ossified
4311,spherical_aberration,an optical aberration resulting in a distorted image
4312,sphincter anatomical_sphincter sphincter_muscle,a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening
4313,spicule spiculum,small pointed structure serving as a skeletal element in various marine and freshwater invertebrates e.g. sponges and corals
4314,spike_lavender_oil spike_oil,pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics
4315,spillover,(economics) any indirect effect of public expenditure
4316,spinal_canal vertebral_canal canalis_vertebralis,the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes
4317,spinal_column vertebral_column spine backbone back rachis,the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"
4318,spinal_cord medulla_spinalis,a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tubelike structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region
4319,spinal_nerve nervus_spinalis,any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)
4320,spinal_nerve_root,one of two roots of the spinal nerves
4321,spinal_nerve_roots,either of two roots of the spinal nerves
4322,spinal_vein vena_spinalis,veins that drain the spinal cord
4323,spindlelegs spindleshanks,long thin legs
4324,spine,a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin
4325,spine thorn prickle pricker sticker spikelet,a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf
4326,spiracle,a breathing orifice
4327,spiral,a continuously accelerating change in the economy
4328,splanchnic_nerve,any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels
4329,spleen lien,a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
4330,splenic_vein vena_lienalis,a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein
4331,splenius splenius_muscle,either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull and serve to rotate or flex or extend the head and neck
4332,splint,a thin sliver of wood; "he lit the fire with a burning splint"
4333,splint_bone,a rudimentary metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal
4334,splinter sliver,a small thin sharp bit or wood or glass or metal; "he got a splinter in his finger"; "it broke into slivers"
4335,spoilage spoiling,the process of becoming spoiled
4336,spontaneous_combustion,ignition of a substance (as oily rags) resulting from an internal oxidation process
4337,sporangiophore,stalk bearing one or more sporangia
4338,sporangium spore_case spore_sac,organ containing or producing spores
4339,sporocarp spore_case,specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia
4340,sporophore,a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte
4341,sporotrichosis,a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
4342,sprites red_sprites,atmospheric electricity (lasting 10 msec) appearing as globular flashes of red (pink to blood-red) light rising to heights of 60 miles (sometimes seen together with elves)
4343,sprout,any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
4344,spur,tubular extension at the base of the corolla in some flowers
4345,squall,sudden violent winds; often accompanied by precipitation
4346,squall_line,a cold front along which squalls or thunderstorms are likely
4347,squill,bulb of the sea squill, which is sliced, dried, and used as an expectorant
4348,stachyose,a tetrasaccharide found in the tubers of the Chinese artichoke
4349,stagflation,a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
4350,stalk stem,a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
4351,stamen,the male reproductive organ of a flower
4352,stand_oil,a thick oil comprised of linseed, tung, or soya oils which have been heated to over 300 C
4353,stapes stirrup,the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
4354,starch amylum,a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles
4355,starlight,the light of the stars
4356,starter,a culture containing yeast or bacteria that is used to start the process of fermentation or souring in making butter or cheese or dough; "to make sourdough you need a starter"
4357,startle jump start,a sudden involuntary movement; "he awoke with a start"
4358,startle_reflex Moro_reflex,a normal reflex of young infants; a sudden loud noise causes the child to stretch out the arms and flex the legs
4359,startle_response startle_reaction,a complicated involuntary reaction to a sudden unexpected stimulus (especially a loud noise); involves flexion of most skeletal muscles and a variety of visceral reactions
4360,state_of_matter state,(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); "the solid state of water is called ice"
4361,static_electricity,electricity produced by friction
4362,stele,the usually cylindrical central vascular portion of the axis of a vascular plant
4363,stellar_parallax,the heliocentric parallax of a star
4364,stellate_venule,a star-shaped group of venules in the renal cortex
4365,stephanion,the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus
4366,stepping_stone,a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing
4367,sternocleidomastoid sternocleidomastoid_muscle sternocleido_mastoideus musculus_sternocleidomastoideus,one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone; turns head obliquely to the opposite side; when acting together they flex the neck and extend the head
4368,sternocleidomastoid_vein vena_sternocleidomastoidea,drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein
4369,sternum breastbone,the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
4370,stick,a small thin branch of a tree
4371,stiffening rigidifying rigidification,the process of becoming stiff or rigid
4372,stifle knee,joint between the femur and tibia in a quadruped; corresponds to the human knee
4373,stigma,an external tracheal aperture in a terrestrial arthropod
4374,stigma,the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil
4375,stillness windlessness,calmness without winds
4376,stimulation,(physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.)
4377,stinger,a sharp organ of offense or defense (as of a wasp or stingray or scorpion) often connected with a poison gland
4378,stinging_hair,a multicellular hair in plants like the stinging nettle that expels an irritating fluid
4379,stinker,anything that gives off an offensive odor (especially a cheap cigar)
4380,stipe,supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap
4381,stipule,a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed
4382,stock,a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
4383,stock caudex,persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
4384,stolon runner offset,a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
4385,stoma,a mouth or mouthlike opening (especially one created by surgery on the surface of the body to create an opening to an internal organ)
4386,stomach tummy tum breadbasket,an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion
4387,stool,(forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings
4388,storage,(computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk
4389,storm violent_storm,a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning
4390,storm_cloud,a heavy dark cloud presaging rain or a storm
4391,storminess,the state of being stormy; "he dreaded the storminess of the North Atlantic in winter"
4392,stovepiping,retrieval of information from unconnected databases; the situation that exists when it is necessary to climb out of one database in order to climb down into another; sometimes used for protection against wandering hackers
4393,straight_chain,an open chain of atoms with no side chains
4394,straight_sinus tentorial_sinus sinus_rectus,an unpaired sinus of the dura mater
4395,strait sound,a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water
4396,stratification,forming or depositing in layers
4397,stratus stratus_cloud,a large dark low cloud
4398,strawberry,sweet fleshy red fruit
4399,stream watercourse,a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth
4400,streamer,light that streams; "streamers of flames"
4401,streamline_flow,flow of a gas or liquid in which the velocity at any point is relatively steady
4402,streptodornase,an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
4403,streptokinase,an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
4404,stress,(physics) force that produces strain on a physical body; "the intensity of stress is expressed in units of force divided by units of area"
4405,stress_incontinence,urinary incontinence that occurs when involuntary pressure is put on the bladder by coughing or laughing or sneezing or lifting or straining
4406,stretch_receptor,a receptor in a muscle that responds to stretching of the muscle tissue
4407,stretch_reflex myotactic_reflex,reflex contraction of a muscle when an attached tendon is pulled; important in maintaining erect posture
4408,striate_cortex striate_area first_visual_area area_17_of_Brodmann Brodmann's_area_17,the part of the occipital cortex that receives the fibers of the optic radiation from the lateral geniculate body and is the primary receptive area for vision
4409,striated_muscle_tissue,muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes
4410,strip,a relatively long narrow piece of something; "he felt a flat strip of muscle"
4411,stroma,a mass of fungal tissue that has spore-bearing structures embedded in it or on it
4412,stroma,the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast
4413,stroma,the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)
4414,strong_breeze,wind moving 25-31 knots; 6 on the Beaufort scale
4415,strong_gale,wind moving 47-54 knots; 9 on the Beaufort scale
4416,strong_interaction strong_force color_force,(physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons
4417,structure anatomical_structure complex_body_part bodily_structure body_structure,a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing and its construction and arrangement; "he has good bone structure"
4418,stub,a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost
4419,stump,the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed
4420,stump tree_stump,the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
4421,style,(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
4422,style,a slender bristlelike or tubular process; "a cartilaginous style"
4423,stylet,small needlelike appendage; especially the feeding organ of a tardigrade
4424,styloid_process,extends from the base of the temporal bone
4425,stylomastoid_vein vena_stylomastoidea,a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein
4426,stylopodium,an enlargement at the base of the style in some Umbelliferae
4427,subclavian_artery arteria_subclavia,either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms
4428,subclavian_vein vena_subclavia,a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein
4429,subduction,a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate
4430,subject content depicted_object,something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; "a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject"
4431,sublingual_gland sublingual_salivary_gland,a small salivary gland that produces mucin (the viscous component of saliva); in human beings it is located on either side of the mouth under the tongue
4432,sublingual_vein vena_sublingualis,a tributary of the lingual vein
4433,submaxillary_gland submaxillary_salivary_gland submandibular_gland submandibular_salivary_gland mandibular_gland,a salivary gland inside the lower jaw on either side that produces most of the nocturnal saliva; discharges saliva into the mouth under the tongue
4434,submucosa,the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane
4435,substance,material of a particular kind or constitution; "the immune response recognizes invading substances"
4436,substantia_nigra nucleus_niger locus_niger,a layer of deeply pigmented grey matter in the midbrain; associated with the striate body; is involved in metabolic disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease and with Huntington's disease
4437,subthalamic_nucleus,an oval mass of grey matter located in the caudal part of the subthalamus; associated with the striate body
4438,subthalamus,the ventral part of the thalamus
4439,succession ecological_succession,(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established
4440,sucker,a shoot arising from a plant's roots
4441,sucker,an organ specialized for sucking nourishment or for adhering to objects by suction
4442,sucking suck suction,the act of sucking
4443,suckling_reflex,reflex behavior in newborn mammals; includes finding and grasping the nipple in the mouth and sucking on it and swallowing the milk
4444,sucrose saccharose,a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
4445,suction,a force over an area produced by a pressure difference
4446,suet,hard fat around the kidneys and loins in beef and sheep
4447,sugarberry hackberry,small edible dark purple to black berry with large pits; southern United States
4448,sugarcane sugar_cane,juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice
4449,sulcus,(anatomy) any of the narrow grooves in an organ or tissue especially those that mark the convolutions on the surface of the brain
4450,sultana,pale yellow seedless grape used for raisins and wine
4451,sultriness,oppressively hot and humid weather
4452,sum total totality aggregate,the whole amount
4453,summation,(physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce
4454,sunbeam sunray,a ray of sunlight
4455,sunburst,a sudden emergence of the sun from behind clouds
4456,sunflower_oil sunflower-seed_oil,oil from sunflower seeds
4457,sunflower_seed,edible seed of sunflowers; used as food and poultry feed and as a source of oil
4458,sunken_arch fallen_arch,an instep flattened so the entire sole rests on the ground
4459,sunlight sunshine sun,the rays of the sun; "the shingles were weathered by the sun and wind"
4460,sunray sun-ray,a ray of artificial ultraviolet light from a sunray lamp
4461,sunrise,atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily appearance of the sun
4462,sunset,atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily disappearance of the sun
4463,superconductivity,the disappearance of electrical resistance at very low temperatures
4464,superficial_epigastric_vein vena_epigastrica_superficialis,empties into the great saphenous vein
4465,superficial_middle_cerebral_vein,a large vein along the line of the Sylvian fissure to the cavernous sinus
4466,superficial_temporal_vein,join the middle temporal vein to empty into the retromandibular vein
4467,superior_alveolar_artery arteria_alveolaris_superior,the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth
4468,superior_cerebellar_artery,the superior branch of the cerebellar artery
4469,superior_cerebral_vein vena_cerebrum_superior,a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus
4470,superior_colliculus,an essential visual center between the retina and the striate cortex
4471,superior_epigastric_veins venae_epigastricae_superiores,veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery
4472,superior_labial_artery arteria_labialis_superior,an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip
4473,superior_labial_vein vena_labialis_superior,a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip
4474,superior_mesenteric_artery,originates from the upper part of the aorta that supplies the small intestines and the cecum and the colon
4475,superior_ophthalmic_vein,a vein that begins at the inner angle of the eye socket and passes through the superior orbital fissure to empty into the cavernous sinus
4476,superior_pulmonary_vein vena_pulmonalis_superior,either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs
4477,superior_rectus_muscle superior_rectus rectus_superior,the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball upward and medially
4478,superior_thalamostriate_vein,a long vein that helps to form the internal cerebral vein
4479,superior_thyroid_vein,a vein on each side that drains the upper part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
4480,superior_vena_cava precava,receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins
4481,superoxide_dismutase SOD,an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; "oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes"
4482,superposition,(geology) the deposition of one geological stratum on another
4483,supertwister,the most powerful tornado which can create enormously devastating damage; "supertwisters are fortunately rare"
4484,supinator,a muscle (especially in the forearm) that produces or assists in supination
4485,supping,ingestion of liquid food with a spoon or by drinking
4486,supply,offering goods and services for sale
4487,suppression,the failure to develop some part or organ
4488,supraorbital_ridge supraorbital_torus superciliary_ridge superciliary_arch,a ridge on the frontal bone above the eye socket
4489,supraorbital_vein vena_supraorbitalis,drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein
4490,supratrochlear_vein vena_supratrochlearis,drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein
4491,surface_tension,a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces
4492,survival survival_of_the_fittest natural_selection selection,a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment
4493,suture sutura fibrous_joint,an immovable joint (especially between the bones of the skull)
4494,swallow drink deglutition,the act of swallowing; "one swallow of the liquid was enough"; "he took a drink of his beer and smacked his lips"
4495,sweat,condensation of moisture on a cold surface; "the cold glasses were streaked with sweat"
4496,sweat_duct,a small duct that conveys sweat from a sudoriferous gland to the surface of the skin
4497,sweat_gland sudoriferous_gland,any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration
4498,sweet_calabash,apple-sized passion fruit of the West Indies
4499,sweet_cherry black_cherry,any of several fruits of cultivated cherry trees that have sweet flesh
4500,sweet_oil,mild vegetable oil when used as food; especially olive or edible rape oil
4501,sweet_orange,orange with sweet juicy pulp; often has a thin skin
4502,sweetsop annon sugar_apple,sweet pulpy tropical fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
4503,swimmeret pleopod,one of the paired abdominal appendages of certain aquatic crustaceans that function primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming
4504,swimming_hole,a small body of water (usually in a creek) that is deep enough to use for swimming
4505,syconium,the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets
4506,sympathetic_nervous_system,originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
4507,symphysion,the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible
4508,symphysis,a growing together of parts or structures
4509,synapsis,the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
4510,synchronous_operation,operations that are initiated predictably by a clock
4511,syncretism,the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections)
4512,syneresis synaeresis,the contraction of two vowels into a diphthong
4513,syneresis synaeresis,the separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making)
4514,synergy synergism,the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
4515,synizesis synezesis,the contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosis
4516,synovial_joint articulatio_synovialis diarthrosis,a joint so articulated as to move freely
4517,synovial_membrane synovium,a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
4518,synthesis,the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
4519,syrinx,the vocal organ of a bird
4520,system,a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
4521,systemic_circulation,circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
4522,systolic_pressure,the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
4523,syzygy,the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system
4524,tail,the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body
4525,tail_fin caudal_fin,the tail of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates
4526,tailwind,wind blowing in the same direction as the path of a ship or aircraft
4527,tall_oil,an oil derived from wood pulp and used in making soaps or lubricants
4528,tallow,obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants
4529,tallow_oil,an animal oil obtained by pressing tallow; used as a lubricant
4530,talon,a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey
4531,tamarind tamarindo,large tropical seed pod with very tangy pulp that is eaten fresh or cooked with rice and fish or preserved for curries and chutneys
4532,tangelo ugli ugli_fruit,large sweet juicy hybrid between tangerine and grapefruit having a thick wrinkled skin
4533,tangerine,any of various deep orange mandarins grown in the United States and southern Africa
4534,tangle,a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven; "they carved their way through the tangle of vines"
4535,tanning,process in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light
4536,taproot,(botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
4537,taret_organ,(endocrinology) organ most affected by a particular hormone
4538,target_organ,(radiology) organ intended to receive the therapeutic dose of a radioactive substance
4539,tarn,a mountain lake (especially one formed by glaciers)
4540,taro cocoyam dasheen eddo,edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
4541,tarsal tarsal_bone,any bone of the tarsus
4542,tarsus,the part of the foot of a vertebrate between the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively
4543,tastebud taste_bud gustatory_organ,an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
4544,tasting savoring savouring relishing degustation,taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality; "cooking was fine but it was the savoring that he enjoyed most"
4545,taxis,a locomotor response toward or away from an external stimulus by a motile (and usually simple) organism
4546,teething dentition odontiasis,the eruption through the gums of baby teeth
4547,telencephalon,the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus
4548,telomerase,an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide
4549,temperature_change,a process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes
4550,tempest,(literary) a violent wind; "a tempest swept over the island"
4551,tempestuousness,a state of wild storminess
4552,temple,the flat area on either side of the forehead; "the veins in his temple throbbed"
4553,temple_orange,large sweet easily-peeled Florida fruit with deep orange rind
4554,temporal_artery,any of the three arteries on either side of the brain supplying the cortex of the temporal lobe
4555,temporal_bone os_temporale,a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
4556,temporal_gyrus,any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum
4557,temporal_lobe temporal_cortex,that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying inside the temples of the head
4558,temporal_vein vena_temporalis,any of several veins draining the temporal region
4559,temporalis_muscle temporal_muscle temporalis musculus_temporalis,muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible; acts to raise the mandible and close the jaws
4560,tendon sinew,a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
4561,tendril,slender stem-like structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support
4562,tension,(physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body; "the direction of maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of the shear"
4563,tensor,any of several muscles that cause an attached structure to become tense or firm
4564,tensor_tympani,a small muscle in the middle ear that tenses to protect the eardrum
4565,tentacle,any of various elongated tactile or prehensile flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals; used for feeling or grasping or locomotion
4566,tentorium,(anatomy) a fold of dura mater that covers the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the cerebrum
4567,tepal,an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)
4568,teratogenesis,the development of defects in an embryo
4569,teres teres_muscle,either of two muscles in the shoulder region that move the shoulders and arms
4570,teres_major teres_major_muscle musculus_teres_major,teres muscle that moves the arm and rotates it medially
4571,teres_minor teres_minor_muscle musculus_teres_minor,teres muscle that adducts the arm and rotates it laterally
4572,territorial_waters,the waters surrounding a nation and its territories over which that nation exercises sovereign jurisdiction
4573,testa episperm seed_coat,protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
4574,testcross test-cross,a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait so the unknown genotype can be determined from that of the offspring
4575,testicular_artery internal_spermatic_artery arteria_testicularis,a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles
4576,testicular_vein vena_testicularis,a vein from the testicles
4577,testis testicle orchis ball ballock bollock nut egg,one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens; "she kicked him in the balls and got away"
4578,tetanus_antitoxin,antitoxin given for short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus
4579,tetanus_immunoglobulin tetanus_immune_globulin,sterile solution of globulins derived from the blood plasma of a person who has been immunized for tetanus; provides short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus
4580,tetrasaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield four monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
4581,tetrasporangium,a sporangium containing four asexual spores
4582,tetrose,any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule
4583,thalamostriate_vein,a vein serving the thalamus and corpus striatum
4584,thalamus,large egg-shaped structures of grey matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
4585,thallus,a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes
4586,thaw melt thawing melting,the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid; "the power failure caused a refrigerator melt that was a disaster"; "the thawing of a frozen turkey takes several hours"
4587,thaw thawing warming,warm weather following a freeze; snow and ice melt; "they welcomed the spring thaw"
4588,thenar,the fleshy area of the palm at the base of the thumb
4589,thermal,rising current of warm air
4590,thermionic_current,an electric current produced between two electrodes as a result of electrons emitted by thermionic emission
4591,thermionic_emission thermal_emission,the emission of electrons from very hot substances
4592,thermocoagulation,congealing tissue by heat (as by electric current)
4593,thermoelectricity,electricity produced by heat (as in a thermocouple)
4594,thermonuclear_reaction,a nuclear fusion reaction taking place at very high temperatures (as in the sun)
4595,thermoreceptor,a sensory receptor that responds to heat and cold
4596,thermotropism,an orienting response to warmth
4597,theta_rhythm theta_wave,the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed and drowsy; occurs with low frequency and low amplitude
4598,thick_skin,skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
4599,thigh,the part of the leg between the hip and the knee
4600,thing,a separate and self-contained entity
4601,thing,an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldn't tell what the thing was"
4602,third_eye pineal_eye,a sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
4603,third_ventricle,a narrow ventricle in the midplane below the corpus callosum; communicates with the fourth ventricle via the Sylvian aqueduct
4604,thoracic_aorta,a branch of the descending aorta; divides into the iliac arteries
4605,thoracic_duct,the major duct of the lymphatic system
4606,thoracic_nerve,any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord
4607,thoracic_vein vena_thoracica,veins that drain the thoracic walls
4608,thoracic_vertebra dorsal_vertebra,one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra
4609,thoracoepigastric_vein vena_thoracoepigastrica,a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein
4610,thorax,part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs
4611,thorax,the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen
4612,thorax chest pectus,the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates
4613,threshold_operation,an operation performed on operands in order to obtain the value of a threshold function
4614,throat,the part of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's throat
4615,throat pharynx,the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone
4616,thrombin,an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
4617,thrombolysis,the process of breaking up and dissolving blood clots
4618,thromboplastin thrombokinase factor_III,an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
4619,thrush,candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
4620,thumb pollex,the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb
4621,thumbnail,the nail of the thumb
4622,thunderbolt bolt bolt_of_lightning,a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder
4623,thunderhead,a rounded projecting mass of a cumulus cloud with shining edges; often appears before a thunderstorm
4624,thundershower,a short rainstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning
4625,thunderstorm electrical_storm electric_storm,a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning
4626,thymus_gland thymus,a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age
4627,thyroglobulin,an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins
4628,thyroid_cartilage Adam's_apple,the largest cartilage of the larynx
4629,thyroid_gland thyroid,located near the base of the neck
4630,thyroid_vein vena_thyroidea,any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area
4631,thyroprotein,a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine
4632,tibia shinbone shin_bone shin,the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
4633,tibial_vein vena_tibialis,veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein
4634,tibialis tibialis_muscle musculus_tibialis,either of two skeletal muscle in each leg arising from the tibia; provides for movement of the foot
4635,tibialis_anticus tibialis_anterior,a muscle running from the tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones
4636,tibialis_posticus tibialis_posterior,a deep muscle of the leg
4637,tidal_river tidewater_river tidal_stream tidewater_stream,a stream in which the effects of the tide extend far upstream
4638,tideway,a channel in which a tidal current runs
4639,tiller,a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass
4640,tinea ringworm roundworm,infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
4641,tinea_barbae barber's_itch,fungal infection of the face and neck
4642,tinea_capitis,fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
4643,tinea_corporis,fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
4644,tinea_cruris jock_itch eczema_marginatum,fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
4645,tinea_pedis athlete's_foot,fungal infection of the feet
4646,tinea_unguium,fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
4647,tissue,part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
4648,toe,forepart of a hoof
4649,toe,one of the digits of the foot
4650,toenail,the nail at the end of a toe
4651,toke,a puff of a marijuana or hashish cigarette; "the boys took a few tokes on a joint"
4652,tomentum tomentum_cerebri,a network of tiny blood vessels between the cerebral surface of the pia mater and the cerebral cortex
4653,tongue lingua glossa clapper,a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity
4654,tonka_bean coumara_nut,fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla
4655,tonsil palatine_tonsil faucial_tonsil tonsilla,either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx
4656,tooth,hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense
4657,tooth,toothlike structure in invertebrates found in the mouth or alimentary canal or on a shell
4658,tooth_socket alveolus,a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth
4659,top_fermentation,a violent kind of alcoholic fermentation at a temperature high enough to carry the yeast cells to the top of the fermenting liquid; used in the production of ale; "top fermentation uses a yeast that ferments at higher temperatures than that used for bottom fermentation"
4660,topknot,showy crest or knot of hair or feathers
4661,tor,a prominent rock or pile of rocks on a hill
4662,torchlight,light from a torch or torches
4663,tornado twister,a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground
4664,torsion torque,a twisting force
4665,torso trunk body,the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies"
4666,tossup toss-up even_chance,an unpredictable phenomenon; "it's a toss-up whether he will win or lose"
4667,toxicognath,either of a pair of poison fangs in the modified front pair of legs of the centipede
4668,trabecula,rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)
4669,trachea,one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids
4670,trachea windpipe,membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
4671,tracheal_vein vena_trachealis,several small veins from the trachea
4672,tracheid,long tubular cell peculiar to xylem
4673,tract,a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
4674,trade_wind trade,steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator; "they rode the trade winds going west"
4675,tragus,a small cartilaginous flap in front of the external opening of the ear
4676,trajectory flight,the path followed by an object moving through space
4677,tramontane tramontana,a cold dry wind that blows south out of the mountains into Italy and the western Mediterranean
4678,transaminase aminotransferase aminopherase,a class of transferases that catalyze transamination (that transfer an amino group from an amino acid to another compound)
4679,transamination,the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another
4680,transamination,the process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compound
4681,transcriptase RNA_polymerase,the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA
4682,transcription,(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
4683,transduction,(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
4684,transduction,the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; "the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone"
4685,transferase,any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound
4686,transference,(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst
4687,transferrin beta_globulin siderophilin,a globulin in blood plasma that carries iron
4688,transfusion_reaction,reaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not compatible with its own blood; an adverse reaction can range from fever and hives to renal failure and shock and death
4689,transgression,the spreading of the sea over land as evidenced by the deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata
4690,translation,(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
4691,translocation,(genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts; "translocations can result in serious congenital disorders"
4692,translocation,the transport of dissolved material within a plant
4693,transparency transparence,permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation
4694,transpiration,the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants
4695,transpiration,the passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature
4696,transpiration,the process of giving off or exhaling water vapor through the skin or mucous membranes
4697,transport,an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes
4698,transverse_colon,the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon
4699,transverse_process,one of two processes that extend from each vertebra and provide the point of articulation for the ribs
4700,transverse_sinus sinus_transversus,a paired dural sinus; terminates in the sigmoid sinus
4701,transversus_abdominis_muscle transverse_muscle_of_abdomen musculus_transversalis_abdominis transversus_abdominis,a flat muscle with transverse fibers that forms the anterior and lateral walls of the abdominal cavity
4702,trap cakehole hole maw yap gob,informal terms for the mouth
4703,trapezium trapezium_bone os_trapezium,the wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals
4704,trapezius trapezius_muscle cowl_muscle musculus_trapezius,either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back that are involved in moving the shoulders and arms
4705,trapezoid trapezoid_bone os_trapezoideum,the wrist bone between the trapezium and the capitate bones
4706,tremble shiver shake,a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement
4707,tremor earth_tremor microseism,a small earthquake
4708,tribadism,a form of lesbianism that simulates heterosexual intercourse
4709,triceps,any skeletal muscle having three origins (but especially the triceps brachii)
4710,triceps_brachii musculus_triceps_brachii,the skeletal muscle having three origins that extends the forearm when it contracts
4711,trichroism,pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits three different colors when viewed from three different directions
4712,tricuspid_valve right_atrioventricular_valve,valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts
4713,trigeminal trigeminal_nerve trigeminus nervus_trigeminus fifth_cranial_nerve,the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
4714,triglyceride,glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
4715,triose,any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule
4716,triphosphopyridine_nucleotide,a coenzyme of several enzymes
4717,tripling,increase by a factor of three
4718,triquetral triquetral_bone os_triquetrum cuneiform_bone pyramidal_bone,a wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bones
4719,trisaccharide,any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield three monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
4720,trochanter,one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached
4721,trochlear trochlear_nerve trochlearis fourth_cranial_nerve,either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes
4722,trophoblast,the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall; "after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta"
4723,trophotropism,an orienting response to food
4724,tropism,an involuntary orienting response; positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source
4725,trotter,foot of a pig or sheep especially one used as food
4726,true_rib,one of the first seven ribs in a human being which attach to the sternum
4727,true_vocal_cord true_vocal_fold inferior_vocal_cord inferior_vocal_fold,either of the two lower vocal folds that come together to form the glottis; produce a vocal tone when they are approximated and air from the lungs passes between them
4728,trunk tree_trunk bole,the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
4729,trypsin,an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
4730,trypsinogen,inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine
4731,tube tube-shaped_structure,(anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure
4732,tube_foot,tentacular tubular process of most echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins and holothurians) having a sucker at the end and used for e.g. locomotion and respiration
4733,tuber,a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage
4734,tuberosity tubercle eminence,a protuberance on a bone especially for attachment of a muscle or ligament
4735,tubular_cavity,a cavity having the shape of a tube
4736,tubule,a small tube
4737,tuft,a bunch of feathers or hair
4738,tumefaction,the process of tumefying; the organic process whereby tissue becomes swollen by the accumulation of fluid within it
4739,tumor_necrosis_factor tumour_necrosis_factor TNF,a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)
4740,tuna_oil,an oil obtained from tuna
4741,tung_oil Chinese_wood_oil,a yellow oil obtained from the seeds of the tung tree
4742,tunic tunica adventitia,an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
4743,tunica_albuginea_testes,whitish cover of the testicle
4744,turbinate_bone turbinate turbinal,any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
4745,turbulence,instability in the atmosphere
4746,turbulence turbulency,unstable flow of a liquid or gas
4747,turbulent_flow,flow in which the velocity at any point varies erratically
4748,turning,a shaving created when something is produced by turning it on a lathe
4749,turpentine oil_of_turpentine spirit_of_turpentine turps,volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally
4750,tusk,a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog
4751,twilight,the diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon but its rays are refracted by the atmosphere of the earth
4752,tympanic_bone,the bone enclosing the middle ear
4753,tympanic_vein,veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein
4754,typhoon,a tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans
4755,ubiquinone coenzyme_Q,any of several quinones found in living cells and that function as coenzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another in cell respiration
4756,udder bag,mammary gland of bovids (cows and sheep and goats)
4757,ulceration,the process of ulcer formation; the process of becoming ulcerated
4758,ulna elbow_bone,the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
4759,ulnar_artery arteria_ulnaris,large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand
4760,ulnar_nerve cubital_nerve nervus_ulnaris,a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand
4761,ulnar_vein vena_ulnaris,any of several veins of the forearm
4762,ultracentrifugation,centrifugation at very high speeds
4763,ultrasound,very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography
4764,ultraviolet ultraviolet_radiation ultraviolet_light ultraviolet_illumination UV,radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays
4765,umbilical_cord umbilical,membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
4766,umbilical_vein vena_umbilicalis,a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus
4767,underbelly underbody,the soft belly or underside of an animal's body
4768,underdevelopment,(photography) inadequate processing of film resulting in inadequate contrast
4769,underlip,the lower lip
4770,underpart,a part lying on the lower side or underneath an animal's body; "the warbler has a white throat and underparts"; "a woodland mouse with white underparts"
4771,undescended_testis undescended_testicle,a testis that fails to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops; "undescended testicles have an increased risk for cancer"
4772,unfolding flowering,a developmental process; "the flowering of antebellum culture"
4773,union conglutination,healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones
4774,unit building_block,a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; "units of nucleic acids"
4775,unit_cell,the smallest group of atoms or molecules whose repetition at regular intervals in three dimensions produces the lattices of a crystal
4776,universal_veil,membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
4777,universe existence creation world cosmos macrocosm,everything that exists anywhere; "they study the evolution of the universe"; "the biggest tree in existence"
4778,unlawful_carnal_knowledge criminal_congress,forbidden or tabu sexual intercourse between individuals
4779,updraft,a strong upward air current
4780,upper_jaw upper_jawbone maxilla maxillary,the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium
4781,upper_respiratory_tract,the nose and throat and trachea
4782,uptake,a process of taking up or using up or consuming; "they developed paper napkins with a greater uptake of liquids"
4783,uranyl uranyl_group uranyl_radical,the bivalent radical UO2 which forms salts with acids
4784,urbanization urbanisation,the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
4785,urease,an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria
4786,ureter,either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
4787,urethra,duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
4788,urethral_orifice external_orifice,the orifice through which urine is discharged
4789,urethral_sphincter musculus_sphincter_urethrae,a striated sphincter muscle that constricts the urethra
4790,urge_incontinence,urinary incontinence that is generally attributable to involuntary contracts of the bladder muscle resulting in an urgent need to urinate accompanied by a sudden loss of urine; most common in people over 60 years of age
4791,urinary_bladder,a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine
4792,urinary_tract,the organs and tubes involved in the production and excretion of urine
4793,urocele,extravasation of urine into the scrotal sac
4794,urochesia urochezia,passage of urine from the anus
4795,urochord,a notochord of a larval tunicate typically confined to the caudal region
4796,urogenital_system urogenital_apparatus urinary_system urinary_apparatus genitourinary_system genitourinary_apparatus systema_urogenitale apparatus_urogenitalis,the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine
4797,urolith,a urinary stone
4798,uropygial_gland preen_gland,oil-secreting gland situated at the base of the tail in most birds
4799,uropygium,posterior part of a bird's body from which the tail feathers grow
4800,uterine_artery arteria_uterina,a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina
4801,uterine_cavity,the space inside the uterus between the cervical canal and the Fallopian tubes
4802,uterine_vein,one of two veins on each side that arise from the uterine plexus and empty into the internal iliac vein
4803,uterus womb,a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus
4804,utricle utriculus,a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open
4805,uvea,the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
4806,uveoscleral_pathway,a tubule that drains excess aqueous humor
4807,uvula,a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
4808,vacuole,a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
4809,vagina,the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
4810,vaginal_artery arteria_vaginalis,a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum
4811,vaginal_smear,smear taken from the vaginal mucosa for cytological analysis
4812,vagus vagus_nerve nervus_vagus pneumogastric pneumogastric_nerve tenth_cranial_nerve wandering_nerve,a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
4813,valency,the phenomenon of forming chemical bonds
4814,valve,a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it
4815,valvule valvelet valvula,a small valve
4816,van_der_Waal's_forces,relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles
4817,vane web,the flattened weblike part of a feather consisting of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft
4818,vapor_pressure vapour_pressure,the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)
4819,vaporization vaporisation vapor vapour evaporation,the process of becoming a vapor
4820,variable,something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation; "the weather is one variable to be considered"
4821,variation,(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)
4822,variation,the process of varying or being varied
4823,varicose_vein,a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs
4824,vas_deferens ductus_deferens,a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
4825,vasa_efferentia,the several highly convoluted tubules that lead from the rete testis to the vas deferens and form the head of the epididymis
4826,vasa_vasorum,any small blood vessel ramifying on the outside of a major artery or vein
4827,vascular_bundle vascular_strand fibrovascular_bundle,a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem
4828,vascular_ray medullary_ray,a sheet of vascular tissue separating the vascular bundles
4829,vascular_structure,a structure composed of or provided with blood vessels
4830,vascular_system,the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids such as blood or lymph or sap through the body of an animal or plant
4831,vascular_tissue,tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
4832,vascularization vascularisation,the organic process whereby body tissue becomes vascular and develops capillaries
4833,vegetable_oil oil,any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants
4834,vegetable_wax,a waxy substance obtained from plants (especially from the trunks of certain palms)
4835,vegetation,an abnormal growth or excrescence (especially a warty excrescence on the valves of the heart)
4836,vegetation,the process of growth in plants
4837,veil velum,a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms
4838,vein nervure,any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ
4839,vein nervure,one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect
4840,vein vena venous_blood_vessel,a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; "all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood"
4841,vein_of_penis,a vein serving the penis
4842,vena_bulbi_penis,vein of the head of the penis; tributary of the internal pudendal vein that drains the perineum
4843,vena_bulbi_vestibuli,vein of the vestibular bulb
4844,vena_canaliculi_cochleae,vein of the cochlear canal
4845,vena_cava,either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart
4846,vena_dorsalis_clitoridis_profunda,deep dorsal vein of the clitoris; tributary of the vesical venous plexus
4847,vena_profunda_penis,deep vein of the penis; enters the prostatic plexus
4848,venae_dorsales_clitoridis_superficiales,superficial dorsal veins of the clitoris; tributaries of the external pudendal vein on either side
4849,venae_dorsales_penis_profunda,deep dorsal vein of the penis; tributary of the prostatic plexus
4850,venae_dorsales_penis_superficiales,superficial dorsal veins of the penis; paired tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side
4851,venae_interlobulares_hepatis,interlobular veins of the liver
4852,venae_interlobulares_renis,interlobular veins of the kidney; receive blood from the arcuate vein and empty into the renal veins
4853,venae_labiales_anteriores anterior_labial_veins,veins from the labia majora to the external pudendal vein
4854,venae_labiales_posteriores posterior_labial_veins,veins that pass posterior from the labia majora to the internal pudendal vein
4855,venae_palpebrales,veins of the eyelids
4856,venae_profundae_clitoridis,deep veins of the clitoris; join the vesical plexus
4857,venae_renis,veins of the kidney; drain the kidney into the renal vein
4858,venation venous_blood_system,(zoology) the system of venous blood vessels in an animal
4859,venous_pressure,the pressure exerted on the walls of the veins by the circulating blood
4860,venous_sinus sinus,a wide channel containing blood; does not have the coating of an ordinary blood vessel
4861,vent,external opening of urinary or genital system of a lower vertebrate
4862,venter,a bulging body part (as the belly of a muscle)
4863,venter,the womb; "`in venter' is legal terminology for `conceived but not yet born'"
4864,ventral_root ventral_horn anterior_root anterior_horn,one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers
4865,ventricle,one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
4866,ventricle heart_ventricle,a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries
4867,venule venula capillary_vein,a minute vein continuous with a capillary
4868,vermis vermis_cerebelli,the narrow central part of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres
4869,vertebra,one of the bony segments of the spinal column
4870,vertebral_artery arteria_vertebralis,the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts
4871,vertebral_vein vena_vertebralis,a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein
4872,vertebrate_foot pedal_extremity,the extremity of the limb in vertebrates
4873,very_low_density_lipoprotein VLDL,large lipoproteins rich in triglycerides; VLDLs circulate through the blood giving up their triglycerides to fat and muscle tissue until the VLDL remnants are modified and converted into LDL
4874,vesical_vein vena_vesicalis,veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins
4875,vesicle cyst,a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid)
4876,vesiculation vesication blistering,the formation of vesicles in or beneath the skin
4877,vessel vas,a tube in which a body fluid circulates
4878,vestibular_apparatus vestibular_system,organs mediating the labyrinthine sense; concerned with equilibrium
4879,vestibular_gland,a gland that opens into the vestibule of the vagina; secretions lubricate the vagina during coitus
4880,vestibular_vein vena_vestibularis,veins that drain the saccule and utricle
4881,vestibule,any of various bodily cavities leading to another cavity (as of the ear or vagina)
4882,vestibule_of_the_ear,the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear
4883,vestibule_of_the_vagina,the space between the labia minora containing the orifice of the urethra
4884,vicious_circle vicious_cycle,one trouble leads to another that aggravates the first
4885,video_digitizing,the process of capturing and converting and storing video images for use by a computer
4886,villus,a minute hairlike projection on mucous membrane
4887,vinifera_grape,grape from a cultivated variety of the common grape vine of Europe
4888,vinification,the process whereby fermentation changes grape juice into wine
4889,vinyl vinyl_group vinyl_radical,a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene
4890,virga,light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)
4891,virtual_image,a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)
4892,viscera entrails innards,internal organs collectively (especially those in the abdominal cavity); "`viscera' is the plural form of `viscus'"
4893,visceral_pleura,pleura that covers the lungs
4894,visual_area visual_cortex,the cortical area that receives information from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
4895,visual_system,the sensory system for vision
4896,vital_organ vitals,a bodily organ that is essential for life
4897,vitelline_circulation,circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac
4898,vitrification,the process of becoming vitreous
4899,vocal_cord vocal_fold vocal_band plica_vocalis,either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx
4900,volcanism,the phenomena associated with volcanic activity
4901,voltage electromotive_force emf,the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts
4902,voluntary_muscle,striated muscle that can be controlled voluntarily
4903,volva,cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi
4904,vomer,thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
4905,vomit vomiting emesis regurgitation disgorgement puking,the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth
4906,vortex_vein vorticose_vein vena_vorticosum,a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins
4907,voyeurism,a perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior
4908,vulcanization vulcanisation,process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them
4909,vulva,external parts of the female genitalia
4910,wailing bawling,loud cries made while weeping
4911,waist waistline,the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips
4912,wall_rock,a rock immediately adjacent to a vein or fault
4913,wallow,a puddle where animals go to wallow
4914,walnut,nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell
4915,walnut_oil,oil from walnuts
4916,wand,a thin supple twig or rod; "stems bearing slender wands of flowers"
4917,warm_front,the front of an advancing mass of warmer air
4918,washout wash,the erosive process of washing away soil or gravel by water (as from a roadway); "from the house they watched the washout of their newly seeded lawn by the water"
4919,wasp_waist,a very slender waist
4920,wastage,the process of wasting
4921,water_blister,blister containing a nonpurulent clear watery content
4922,water_chestnut,edible bulbous tuber of a Chinese marsh plant
4923,water_chinquapin,edible nutlike seeds of an American lotus having the flavor of a chinquapin
4924,water_hole,a natural hole or hollow containing water
4925,water_vascular_system,system of fluid-filled tubes used by echinoderms in locomotion and feeding and respiration
4926,watercourse,natural or artificial channel through which water flows
4927,waterfall falls,a steep descent of the water of a river
4928,watermelon,large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp
4929,waterpower,the power to do work that is latent in a head of water
4930,waterspout,a tornado passing over water and picking up a column of water and mist
4931,waterway,a navigable body of water
4932,wattle lappet,a fleshy wrinkled and often brightly colored fold of skin hanging from the neck or throat of certain birds (chickens and turkeys) or lizards
4933,wave,a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures); "a heat wave"
4934,wave_front,all the points just reached by a wave as it propagates
4935,wax,any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water
4936,weak_interaction weak_force,(physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons
4937,weather weather_condition conditions atmospheric_condition,the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation; "they were hoping for good weather"; "every day we have weather conditions and yesterday was no exception"; "the conditions were too rainy for playing in the snow"
4938,web,membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals
4939,webbed_foot,a bird's foot with folds of skin between the toes
4940,webfoot,a foot having the toes connected by folds of skin
4941,west_wind wester,wind that blows from west to east
4942,whacker whopper,something especially big or impressive of its kind
4943,whale_oil train_oil,a white to brown oil obtained from whale blubber; formerly used as an illuminant
4944,wheat_berry,a grain of wheat
4945,wheat_gluten,gluten prepared from wheat
4946,wheeze,breathing with a husky or whistling sound
4947,whinstone whin,any of various hard colored rocks (especially rocks consisting of chert or basalt)
4948,whirlwind,a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth
4949,whisker vibrissa sensory_hair,a long stiff hair growing from the snout or brow of most mammals as e.g. a cat
4950,white_matter substantia_alba,whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths
4951,whiteout,an arctic atmospheric condition with clouds over snow produce a uniform whiteness and objects are difficult to see; occurs when the light reflected off the snow equals the light coming through the clouds
4952,whole unit,an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit"
4953,whole_gale,wind moving 55-63 knots; 10 on the Beaufort scale
4954,widening broadening,an increase in width
4955,wild_cherry,the fruit of the wild cherry tree
4956,wince flinch,a reflex response to sudden pain
4957,wind,a tendency or force that influences events; "the winds of change"
4958,wind,breath; "the collision knocked the wind out of him"
4959,wind air_current current_of_air,air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; "trees bent under the fierce winds"; "when there is no wind, row"; "the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere"
4960,wind_generation wind_power,power derived from the wind (as by windmills)
4961,windage,the retarding force of air friction on a moving object
4962,windfall,fruit that has fallen from the tree
4963,windstorm,a storm consisting of violent winds
4964,wing,a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)
4965,wing_case elytron,either of the horny front wings in beetles and some other insects which cover and protect the functional hind wings
4966,winter_melon,the fruit of the winter melon vine; a green melon with pale green to orange flesh that keeps well
4967,wintergreen boxberry checkerberry teaberry spiceberry,spicy red berrylike fruit; source of wintergreen oil
4968,wisdom_tooth,any of the last 4 teeth on each side of the upper and lower jaw; the last of the permanent teeth to erupt (between ages 16 and 21)
4969,wishbone wishing_bone,the furcula of a domestic fowl
4970,withe withy,strong flexible twig
4971,withers,the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals
4972,wood_pulp,wood that has been ground to a pulp; used in making cellulose products (as rayon or paper)
4973,wood_sugar xylose,a sugar extracted from wood or straw; used in foods for diabetics
4974,wool_oil,any oil used to oil wool before spinning
4975,word_processing,rapid and efficient processing (storage and printing) of linguistic data for composition and editing
4976,work,(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force; "work equals force times distance"
4977,world,a part of the earth that can be considered separately; "the outdoor world"; "the world of insects"
4978,wormwood_oil absinthe_oil,a dark bitter oil obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs
4979,wrist carpus wrist_joint radiocarpal_joint articulatio_radiocarpea,a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
4980,xenolith,(geology) a piece of rock of different origin from the igneous rock in which it is embedded
4981,xiphoid_process,smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib
4982,xylem,the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels
4983,yam,edible tuber of any of several yams
4984,yawn yawning oscitance oscitancy,an involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom; "he could not suppress a yawn"; "the yawning in the audience told him it was time to stop"; "he apologized for his oscitancy"
4985,yellow_marrow yellow_bone_marrow,bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
4986,yolk_sac,membranous structure enclosing the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, marsupials, and some fishes; circulates nutrients to the developing embryo
4987,yolk_sac vitelline_sac umbilical_vesicle vesicula_umbilicus,membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammalian embryos until the heart becomes functional
4988,zizz,a nap; "Arthur's taking a short zizz"
4989,zodiacal_light,a luminous tract in the sky; a reflection of sunlight from cosmic dust in the plane of the ecliptic; visible just before sunrise and just after sunset
4990,zona_pellucida,thick membrane around the mammalian ovum; can be penetrated by one sperm in the fertilization process; usually remains around the fertilized egg until it is implanted in the wall of the uterus
4991,zone zona,(anatomy) any encircling or beltlike structure
4992,zonule zonula,small beltlike zone
4993,zoophilia zoophilism,a sexual attraction to animals
4994,zygodactyl_foot,a bird's foot having the first and fourth toes of each foot directed backward and the second and third forward
4995,zygoma zygomatic_arch arcus_zygomaticus,the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
4996,zygomatic_process,a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch
4997,zymase,a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms
4998,zymosis,(medicine) the development and spread of an infectious disease (especially one caused by a fungus)
4999,zymosis zymolysis fermentation fermenting ferment,a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
