Euler.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Euler.java from §1.3 Conditionals and Loops.

/*************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac Euler.java
 *  Execution:    java Euler N
 *  
 *  Tests whether there are any five positive integers that satisfy
 *  a^5 + b^5 + c^5 + d^5 = e^5. In 1769 Euler conjectured that no such
 *  solutions exists, but his conjecture was disproved in 1966 using
 *  a method like the one below.
 *
 *  The program reads in a command line parameter N and prints out all
 *  solutions with a <= b <= c <= d <= e <= N. Restricting attention
 *  to solutions of this form only eliminates duplicates and makes
 *  the program faster since we have many fewer possibilities to try
 *  (675,993,780 vs. 75,937,500,000).
 *
 *  For further efficiency, we use the break statement to avoid explicitly
 *  enumerating certain tuples (a, b, c, d, e), e.g., if a^5 + b^5
 *  is already greater than e^5, there is no need to fix specific
 *  values of c and d and compute a^5 + b^5 + c^5 + d^5. On my system,
 *  this decreased the running time from 3 minutes to 35 seconds.
 *
 *  % java Euler 100
 *
 *  % java Euler 150
 *   27^5 + 84^5 + 110^5 + 133^5 = 144^5    // takes about 35 seconds
 *
 *
 *************************************************************************/

public class Euler {

   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      long N = Long.parseLong(args[0]);
      long a5, b5, c5, d5, e5;

      for (long e = 1; e <= N; e++) {
         e5 = e*e*e*e*e;

         // restrict search to a <= b <= c <= d <= e for efficiency
         for (long a = 1; a <= N; a++) {
            a5 = a*a*a*a*a;
            if (a5 + a5 + a5 + a5 > e5) break;

            for (long b = a; b <= N; b++) {
               b5 = b*b*b*b*b;
               if (a5 + b5 + b5 + b5 > e5) break;

               for (long c = b; c <= N; c++) {
                  c5 = c*c*c*c*c;
                  if (a5 + b5 + c5 + c5 > e5) break;

                  for (long d = c; d <= N; d++) {
                     d5 = d*d*d*d*d;
                     if (a5 + b5 + c5 + d5  > e5) break;
                     if (a5 + b5 + c5 + d5 == e5)
                        System.out.println(a + "^5 + " + b + "^5  + " + c + "^5 + " + d + "^5 = " + e + "^5"); 
                  }
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
}