1128	AAS	209	S08-09	LA	Introduction to African American Literature:  Harlem Renaissance to Present	During the Harlem Renaissance, the poet Countee Cullen famously asked "What is Africa to me?" and Langston Hughes wrote verse affirming, "I, too, am America" even as he critiqued the nation's oppression of its "darker brother.  In this introductory course, we will analyze how these and other twentieth century African American writers have explored racial and national identity as defined by and negotiated in relation to the ideas of both America and Africa. To engage these questions, we will consider aesthetic forms and locate literary texts in social and political contexts.
1129	AAS	310	S08-09	LA	Music from the Hispanophone Caribbean	This interdisciplinary seminar utilizes the musical cultures of Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba to reflect upon the aesthetic, migratory, and social histories of the Hispanophone Caribbean.  Students will listen to the sounded legacies of conquest, slavery, colonialism, and U.S. intervention and occupation. The effects of transnational migration on music's performance and reception will also be one of the key themes in the course.  We will not only consider the creative traditions and receptive worlds embedded in musical recordings, but will also pay attention to music's traces in literature, film, and other ephemera.
1130	AAS	318	S08-09	LA	Black Women and Spiritual Narrative	This course will analyze the narrative accounts of African American women since the 19th century.  Drawing on the hypothesis that religious metaphor and symbolism have figured prominently in black women's writing (and writing about black women) across literary genres, we will explore the various ways black women have used their narratives not only to disclose the intimacies of their religious faith, but also to understand and to critique their social context.  We will discuss the themes, institutions, and structures that have traditionally shaped black women's experiences, as well as the theologies black women have developed in response.
1131	AAS	375	S08-09	SA	Social Stigma: On Being a Target of Prejudice	Individuals subject to social stigma possess, or are believed to posses, an attribute that marks them as members of a group that is devalued within a particular social context.  In this course we will attempt to understand the psychological impact of being stigmatized by reading and discussing social psychological research and theories that illustrate central ideas and debates on this topic.  Specifically, we will examine how social stigma affects academic performance, health, interpersonal interactions and self-understanding, as well as how people cope with stigma.
1132	AAS	381	S08-09	SA	Social Change and the City: Education, Environmental Justice and Social Entrepreneurship	This seminar examines entrepreneurial approaches to addressing urban inequality, with a special emphasis on Trenton.  Drawing on theoretical and historical scholarship along with case studies, students will explore organizations and experiments such as the Black Panther Party, the SNCC Freedom Schools, the Algebra Project, the Industrial Areas Foundation, and Sustainable South Bronx. In collaboration with the Community-Based Learning Initiative, the seminar will also offer students the opportunity to conduct hands-on research.
1133	AAS	392	S08-09	LA	Topics in African American Literature: A Survey of African-American Theatre	This course provides a theoretical and historical overview of black theater from the 19th-century to the present day. Course participants will examine major works of black drama and performance across three centuries. The course will also emphasize a consideration of the social, cultural, political and historical context in which black theatre has evolved.
1134	AAS	395	S08-09	LA	Race and the Pornological	This course studies the relationship between racial representations and the logic of pornography in the 19th and 20th centuries.  We will map the intertwined notions of race, pornography, and violence from Victorian scientific discourse about raced and gendered bodies to contemporary ideas about the racial other and the politics of pornography.  We will explore how visual technologies encourage or disrupt the visualization of nonwestern bodies -- and, in particular, women -- by Euro-American modernity.
1135	AAS	396	S08-09	SA	Ethnography of Black Americans in the United States	This seminar is an interdisciplinary survey of writings, film, and music on and by Black Americans in the United States from the 18th-21st century. We will examine theories of race and gender constructions, performance, and power, as well as systems of image construction in popular culture. In addition to readings, the last half of the semester will be devoted to an ethnographic project, which will expose students to the aims and practicalities of doing ethnographic research.
1136	AAS	397	S08-09	HA	Colonialism and the Third World	This course will investigate the influence of colonialism on the emergence of the "Third World," or the political alliance by African and Asian countries who sought an alternative to American liberal capitalism and Soviet communist dictatorship.  This course will examine the relationship between newly decolonized countries and their former colonial masters to understand how colonial relationships were reconfigured in the mid-20th century.   What did these new relationships mean for race, class, and gender relations along regional, national, and global scales?
1137	AAS	403	S08-09	EM	Race and Medicine	In 1998, then-President Clinton set a national goal that by the year 2010 race, ethnic, and gender disparities in six disease categories would be eliminated.  While the agenda, called Healthy People 2010, is a noble goal there, is one major hurdle.  No study has definitively determined the cause of health disparities.  This course examines the role culture plays in reproducing health inequalities in the United States.  For a final project, students will be asked to propose their own solutions for eliminating health disparities.
1138	AAS	405	S08-09	LA	Bodies and Borders: Sexuality, 'Race' and Representation	Images of the body that cross boundaries of gender, sexuality, and 'race' pose a challenge to conventional understandings of identity. This course examines a wide range of representations in art, film and photography that question the borders between self and other in the visual culture of modernism, colonialism and black diaspora life. We will focus on works by contemporary artists - including Kara Walker, Isaac Julien, Robert Mapplethorpe and Adrian Piper - as well as historical materials such as 19th century blackface minstrelsy and cross-dressing in gender drag.
1139	AAS	407	S08-09	SA	Race, Social Inequality, and Education	Education is becoming increasingly important for upward social mobility in the U.S. and abroad.  Education has been linked to societal inequalities in health, income, and other life-chance measures.   This course will focus on the role of education in both the production and amelioration of social inequality.  Particular attention is given to racial achievement gaps.  By engaging both quantitative and qualitative studies, you will acquire 1) knowledge of the historical trends and understanding of racial differences in achievement, and 2) a broad understanding of the current issues/debates in the literature.
1140	AAS	477	S08-09	HA	The Civil Rights Movement	This interdisciplinary course examines the evolution of African American political mobilization from 1945 to 1975. Through an analysis of historical scholarship, sermons, theology, works of literature, films and music, it explores the various ways that African Americans articulated their political demands and affirmed their citizenship, using workers rights, the church, feminism, education, war, grassroots organizations, the federal bureaucracy, and the law as a tool for political action. Students and professors will travel during spring break to visit the sites of certain key struggles and meet with witnesses and participants.
1141	AAS	481	S08-09	LA	The African American Atlantic: Modernity and the Black Experience	This course examines the formation and transformation of the Black Atlantic World from the 18th century to the present. Through an examination of a range of literary texts, historical documents, and visual media, the course will consider how the Atlantic Ocean, often associated with the violence and pain of slavery, also became the stage in which new black identities were constructed. How did blacks in the new world imagine themselves as modern subjects? How have African, African American, and Caribbean writers and intellectuals imagined global citizenship? The highlight of the course will be a visit to Ghana during the spring break.
1142	AFS	200	S08-09	SA	Introduction to African Studies	The course offers a unique opportunity to explore the past, present, and future of Africa in a truly multi-disciplinary setting.  A dozen of Princeton's distinguished faculty collaborate in an effort to shed light on both the huge potential of Africa and its peoples and the enormous challenges the continent faces.  Topics include politics, economics, conservation, biodiversity, climate change, the environment, health and disease and written and oral literature.
1143	AFS	374	S08-09	SA	African Development and Globalization	Africa today represents less than 2% of the world's GDP. The legacy of colonial rule has undoubtedly contributed to a slowdown in the international competitiveness of Africa. However, there are internal factors as well. Today, many countries are progressively shifting from a US-EU-Africa paradigm, to one that includes a larger proportion of alternative investors from the Middle-East, India, and China.  This seminar will focus on: the effect of the legacy of complex political intricacies and the ways in which Africa engages the world; and how African countries face and anticipate the challenges of globalization.
1144	AMS	330	S08-09	LA	Roll Over Beethoven:  Black Rock and Cultural Revolt	This course will cover the major black artists who contributed to rock and roll from Ike Turner to the Afro-Punk movement.  A survey of these contributors will engage students in discovery of the genre's often-overlooked history, via the development and application of critical skills to interpret Africana music culture and aesthetics.  Examination of recorded works, music criticism texts, films and other assorted media and guest lecturers will augment traditional scholarship about the evolution of this subculture from its explosion in segregated 1950s America to its current 21st century revival.
1145	AMS	344	S08-09	HA	Suburban Nation:  The Rise and Sprawl of Modern American Suburbia	This seminar will explore the many meanings of suburbia in modern American history.  First, we will examine the onset of the urban crisis and the attendant rise of suburbia as an attractive alternative for many people. We will then focus on the ways in which the movement to suburbs intersected with the civil rights movement.   Finally, we will examine how a diverse array of social and political movements of the postwar era -- from liberal causes like feminism and environmentalism to the mobilization of modern conservatism -- sprang from suburbia.
1146	AMS	345	S08-09	SA	Women's Leadership in Modern America	This course examines issues related to gender, race, and class as substructures which shape the leadership of women in modern America.  One of the focuses of the course will be to critique meanings of leadership particularly as we study the meaning of freedom in American society within the context of the civil rights and women's movements.  Drawing upon a myriad of primary sources including speeches, autobiographical accounts, newspapers, television and film programs, we will highlight how several contemporary American historiographies situate women as activists versus leaders and the significance of this projection.
1147	AMS	346	S08-09	SA	Latinos in American Life and Culture	This seminar will consider how Latinos are transforming the United States even as they evolve as a people. We will discuss Hispanicity as a hybrid ethno-racial identity, debate the ethical dilemmas posed by undocumented immigration, evaluate the social implications of Hispanics' unprecedented geographic dispersal, and explore what the burgeoning second generation portends for the future contours of social and economic inequality, future political influence, and the cultural imprints through music, literature and bilingualism.
1148	AMS	375	S08-09	LA	Defining Moments in American Culture	A focused look at three key turning points in American history:  1800, 1850, and 1900.  The course will study selected expressions in art, politics, literature, and science or technology to see how they embody national aspirations or anxieties of each period.  Two continuing themes will receive special attention:  the consciousness of self and of nature in American culture.
1149	ANT	206	S08-09	EC	Human Evolution	An investigation of the evidence and background of human evolution.  Emphasis will be placed on the examination of the fossil and other evidence for human evolution and its functional and behavioral implications.
1150	ANT	211	S08-09	LA	Cultural Property and the Arts of Native North America	The course will survey the arts of the native peoples of North America, including areas in the southwest, northwest coast, the arctic regions, and pre-contact times. Special emphasis will be given to the right of cultural property, the international conventions on cultural property, and the ethics of museum displays and the uses of Indian art by non-Indians.  The formation of an exhibit involving cultures of the Bering Straits will give students an opportunity to think about putting together a display, while a study of traditional themes in modern Indian art will bring matters up to the present.
1151	ANT	318	S08-09	SA	Understanding Muslim Social and Political Movements	This course is designed to introduce students to a number of contemporary movements that claim to restore Islam as the central norm for practice in the social, economic and political life of Muslim communities and societies. Throughout the survey of discourses and practices by and about the so-called "islamists," their supporters and their opponents, the course will center on the reconfiguration of religion, self, community, culture, society, identity, and power. Emphasis will be on the Arab world and Iran.
1152	ANT	322	S08-09	HA	Cross-Cultural Texts	Ethnographers cross cultures; so do many novelists and journalists.  Often observers move quickly; sometimes they linger. The past too has been called "another culture."  Like colonial officials earlier, global critics today inhabit multicultural circumstances. Complex styles and politics of comparative encounter -- travel-writing, fieldwork description, institutions of tourism, museum-going, evocative fiction -- deserve close reading, contemporarily and historically.
1153	ANT	337	S08-09	SA	Social Change in Contemporary India	This course introduces students to the debates that have defined the anthropological study of India. It explores classic and recent theories of caste and hierarchy, focusing in particular on the ethnography of change in everyday "Indian life." The course also considers the emergence of identity politics in India, surveying debates about communal violence and its representation in popular culture and films. Since communal identities and power relations in India are often expressed and challenged in popular religious practices, the course will explore everyday Indian religiosity with reference to debates about Hindu reformism and nationalism.
1154	ANT	342	S08-09	EM	The Anthropology of Law	Study of the relation between formal legal institutions and the social and cultural factors influencing their development. Western and non-Western systems compared in terms of their forms of judicial reasoning, implementation through law of moral precepts, fact-finding procedures, and dispute settlement mechanisms.  Issues covered include judicial application of moral precepts, the relation of law to social relations, the development of the jury, Japanese conciliation, American family life and the law, and social science and Supreme Court decisions.
1155	ANT	360	S08-09	EM	The Uses of Deception: Perspectives on Magic and Science	"Deception" usually has negative connotations, but scientists and magicians use it in service of truth, justice, and entertainment. For a magician's trick to induce doubt and delight, an audience's attention must be misdirected. Likewise, biomedicine and many other fields use deception (e.g., the placebo) as a research tool. Topics include: the 'real' as objective truth or cultural construct; social fictions in daily life; the tangled histories and present day alliance of science and magic; fraudulent vs. legitimate deception; popular access to science. Guest magicians may visit; research projects may involve fieldwork and multimedia.
1156	ANT	390	S08-09	HA	History of Anthropological Theory	This itinerary with the history of anthropological thought focuses on classic innovations of the 20th century.  We look to the intellectual and social contexts of key works in the history of modern ethnographic creativity - and also consider future prospects, taking into account current directions of ethnographic research and debate.  The various theoretical approaches differ in their propositions regarding the nature of society, social action, self-expression, culture, difference, and anthropological knowledge (among other things), providing us with our main themes.
1157	ANT	405	S08-09	SA	Topics in Anthropology: Revisiting Sacrifice	The course aims at bringing back to discussion a concept and a set of practices central to the lives of millions of men and women across the world. While sacrifice is invoked in religious discourse and practice, as well as in political discourse and practice, it has been somewhat neglected by anthropologists in the last three decades or so. Understanding sacrifice is understanding ritual and religion, and their role in the new globalizing world. Topics include theories of sacrifice, categories and comparison, genealogies and deconstruction, violence, power and religion, jihad, sacrifice and terror.
1158	ANT	431	S08-09		Biomedical Anthropology	An examination of the interactions of evolution, biology and culture in human health and sickness.  The course will emphasize the influence of pathogens and other environmental selective agents in the evolution of human biology and behavior. The action of cultural factors in the spread and containment of disease and other abnormal conditions will also be integrated. Discussions will focus on the patterns of health and disease over time and in a cross-cultural perspective.
1159	ANT	502	S08-09		Proseminar in Anthropology	Second term of a two-term survey of major anthropological writings, primarily for first-year graduate students.  An inquiry into some of the most influential texts in anthropology to raise fundamental questions about anthropology's past and future.  Spring term will emphasize contemporary and venerable theoretical and ethnographic issues.
1160	ANT	570	S08-09		Interdisciplinary Research: Anthropological Ethics and the Anthropology of Ethics	Seminar focuses on the ethics of knowledge production. To reflexively situate our approach, we scrutinize politically-charged ethics talk and practice in American anthropology. The potential of an "anthropology of" ethics is developed through comparisons between ethics talk and practice in anthropology, sociology, psychology, and history, all of whose ethical controversies are implicated in extra-academic public discourses of various kinds.
1161	AOS	537	S08-09		Atmospheric Chemistry	Natural gas phase and heterogeneous chemistry in the troposphere and stratosphere, with a focus on elementary chemical kinetics; photolysis processes; oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen chemistry; transport of atmospheric trace species; tropospheric hydrocarbon chemistry and stratospheric halogen chemistry; stratospheric ozone destruction; local and regional air pollution, and chemistry-climate interactions are studied.
1162	AOS	547	S08-09		Atmospheric Thermodynamics and Convection	Thermodynamics of water-air systems.  Overview of atmospheric energy sources and sinks.  Planetary boundary layers.  Closure theories for atmospheric turbulence.  Cumulus convection.  Interactions between cumulus convection and large-scale atmospheric flows. Cloud-convection-radiation interactions and their role in the climate system.
1163	AOS	572	S08-09		Atmospheric and Oceanic Wave Dynamics	Observational evidence of atmospheric and oceanic waves; laboratory simulation.  Surface and internal gravity waves; dispersion characteristics; kinetic energy spectrum; critical layer; forced resonance; instabilities.  Planetary waves: scale analysis; physical description of planetary wave propagation; reflections; normal modes in a closed basin.  Large-scale barclinic and barotropic instabilities.  Eady and Charney models for barclinic instability, and energy transfer.
1164	AOS	575	S08-09		Numerical Prediction of the Atmosphere and Ocean	Barotropic and multilevel dynamic models; coordinate systems and boundary conditions; finite difference equations and their energetics; spectral methods; water vapor and its condensation processes; orography, cumulus convection, subgrid-scale transfer, and boundary layer processes; meteorological and oceanographic data assimilation; dynamic initialization; verification and predictability; and probabilistic forecasts.
1165	APC	199	S08-09	QR	Math Alive	How is life different from 25 or even 10 years ago? Mathematics has profoundly changed our world, from banking & computers to listening to music. Course is designed for those who haven't had college mathematics but would like to understand some of the mathematical concepts behind important modern applications. It will consist of largely independent 2-week modules; each module focusing on 1 particular application. (e.g., bar codes, CD-players, population models) Emphasis will be on ideas, not on sophisticated mathematical techniques, but there will be substantial problem sets requirements. Students will learn by doing simple examples.
1166	APC	350	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Differential Equations	An intro to differential equations. Both applications and fundamental theory will be discussed. Basic second order differential equations (including the wave, heat and Poisson equations); separation of variables and solution by Fourier series and Fourier integrals; boundary value problem and Green's function; variational methods; normal mode analysis and perturbation methods; nonlinear first order (Hamilton-Jacobi) equations and method of characteristics; reaction-diffusion equations; in addition, application of these equations and methods to e.g. finance and control. Necessary background material in ODEs will be covered.
1167	APC	509	S08-09		Methods and Concepts in Electronic Structure Theory	This course derives how and why chemical bonds between atoms form, leading to the creation of molecules and condensed matter. State-of-the-art electronic structure theory methods are discussed and compared in terms of strengths, weaknesses, and numerical implementations. Students will learn how to predict molecular structure, qualitative character of the electron distribution (hybridization), and relative chemical bond strengths directly from a simple multi-electron wavefunction. Condensed matter electronic structure will be introduced via band theory, followed by an analysis of the pros and cons of modern density functional theory methods.
1168	APC	520	S08-09		Mathematical Analysis of Massive Data Sets	This course will concern itself with the analysis of high dimensional data sets using spectral methods. There has been significant progress in the development of methods for dimensionality reduction of high dimensional data. We will discuss these methods and how to perform data analysis tasks such as clustering and classification, regression and out-of-sample extension of empirical functions, semi-supervised learning, and independent component analysis (ICA). We will emphasize applications to image and signal processing, structural biology, dynamical systems, text and document analysis, search and data mining, finance, and more.
1169	APC	596	S08-09		Topics in Applied Mathematics	This is a general introduction to multiscale modeling.  Topics to be covered include:  analytical methods (averaging, homogenization, hydrodynamic and continuum limits, renormalization group methods); classical numerical methods (multi-grid, fast multi-pole methods, etc); modern numerical methods; variational model reduction, coupling techniques and hybrid schemes.  Applications to PDEs with multiscale data, coupling kinetic and  hydrodynamic models,  coupling continuum and molecular dynamics models, etc.
1170	ARA	102	S08-09		Elementary Arabic II	This course continues the study of Modern Standard Arabic commenced in Arabic 101.  Emphasis is placed on grammatical analysis; writing and reading of increasingly longer, unvocalized texts; further vocabulary acquisition, and continued practice in listening and speaking Modern Standard Arabic.
1171	ARA	104	S08-09		Intensive Elementary Arabic II	The second semester of a full-year language course designed specifically for  students who already have some familiarity with any dialect of spoken Arabic. The course will emphasize reading and writing skills, as well as how to analyze grammar.
1172	ARA	107	S08-09		Intermediate Arabic II	Study of Arabic grammar and syntax, and use of the language in functional contexts.  Reading of extra material from articles, newspapers, short stories.  Discussions are held in the Arabic language to enhance the students' speaking skills.
1173	ARA	302	S08-09		Advanced Arabic II	Modern Standard Arabic language acquisition through reading, listening, writing, and speaking with emphasis on grammar, exposure to philology, and utilization of translation from and into Arabic, supplemented by readings from literary figures and modern media.
1174	ARA	304	S08-09		Media Arabic II	This course is a continuation of ARA 303, Media Arabic, in which students will improve their skills in reading and listening to Arabic news media, including newspapers, magazines, websites, and radio and satellite TV broadcasts (including the BBC and al-Jazeera, among others).  Attention will also be given to informal discussion of these subjects.  Study will be arranged by subject matter.
1175	ARA	306	S08-09		Levantine Colloquial Arabic II	This course continues the introduction to spoken Levantine dialect that was begun during the fall semester.  Materials in the course are designed to promote functional usage of the language, stressing the vocabulary and grammar of conversation as used in daily life in the Levant, particularly Palestine, Jordan, and Lebanon.
1176	ARA	402	S08-09		Advanced Arabic Skills Workshop II	Classical Arabic sciences of grammar, morphology, and rhetoric, supplemented by expository writing and poetry from classical scholars and literary figures. Emphasis on translation from Arabic and on memorization and oral recitation of texts.
1177	ARC	204	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Architectural Design	The first in a series of design studios offered to students interested in majoring in architecture. The course will introduce architecture as an "impure'' plastic art, inseparable from a network of forces acting upon it. The student will be confronted with progressively complex exercises involving spatial relations in two dimensions, three dimensions, and time. The course will stress experimentation while providing an analytical and creative framework to develop an understanding of structure and materials as well as necessary skills in drawing and model making. Two three-hour studios with lectures included.
1178	ARC	304	S08-09	HA	Cities of the 21st Century	This course will examine different crises confronting cities in the 21st century. Topics will range from immigration, to terrorism, shrinking population, traffic congestion, pollution, energy crisis, housing needs, water wars, race riots, extreme weather conditions, war and urban operations.  The range of cities will include Los Angeles, New Orleans, Paris, Lagos, Caracas, Havana, New York, Hong Kong, Baghdad among other cities.
1179	ARC	401	S08-09	SA	Theories of Housing and Urbanism	The seminar will explore theories of urbanism and housing by reading canonical writers who have created distinctive and influential ideas about urbanism and housing from the nineteenth century to the present. The writers are architects, planners, and social scientists. The theories are inter-disciplinary. One major work will be discussed each week. We will critically evaluate their relevance and significance for architecture now. Topics will include: modernism, functionalism and social change; technological futurism; social critiques of urban design, the New Urbanism; the networked city; and sustainable urbanism.
1180	ARC	403	S08-09	LA	Topics in the History and Theory of Architecture	We will consider that a successful thesis entails the meeting of a socio-cultural problematic with a specific disciplinary issue, that the confluence and exchange between these external and internal situations can instigate an original contribution to architectural knowledge and technique.  The "newness" of this contribution comes through a particular kind of repetition, a wily swerve within the established canon.  The seminar will introduce disciplinary methods and themes through close readings of architectural texts and objects and will provide a workshop for the testing and elaboration of architectural polemics through directed research.
1181	ARC	406	S08-09	STX	Energy and Form	This course will familiarize participants with the basic theories and practices of ecological design in architecture.  It will promote professional practices that foster environmentally sound design decision-making and achieve beneficial social and economic outcomes.  It will investigate how designing within the matrix of natural systems and processes can enhance both the experiential and poetic dimensions of architecture.
1182	ARC	489	S08-09	LA	Survey of Selected Works of Twentieth-Century Architects	This course is intended to expose the students to a range of major works, built and unbuilt, of architecture from 1950 to the present. This course will  focus on these particular buildings as they open themselves to a textual analysis. These analyses are intended to open up issues such as criticality, autonomy and singularity as they begin to evolve in architectural building (as opposed to texts) in the last half of the 20th century. This course will concentrate on individual buildings not architects. Each analysis will be accompanied by an illustrated presentation and selected readings.
1183	ARC	492	S08-09		Topics in the Formal Analysis of the Urban Structure: American Urbanism	The American city has undergone a number of restructurings since colonial times. However, the mutations that occurred at the beginning and in the middle of the twentieth century not only restructured the city but also dramatically changed its configuration in a radical way.  We might be living a similar situation today at the beginning of a new century, when changes as powerful as the sub-urbanization of the 1950's are generating new configurations of urban space and form that are expanding once more the definition of the city and urban culture.
1184	ARC	502	S08-09		Architecture Design Studio	Part two of a two semester sequence in which fundamental design skills are taught in the context of the architect's wider responsibilities to society, culture and the environment. Students acquire a command of the techniques of design and representation through a series of specific architectural problems of increasing complexity. Both semesters are required for three-year M.Arch. students.
1185	ARC	504	S08-09		Integrated Building Studios	Integrated design studios approach architecture from a synthetic perspective. Considerations of structure, environmental technology, building materials and systems, exterior envelope, and site design are integrated directly into the design process through the participation of technical faculty and outside advisors in critiques and reviews. Projects are developed to a high level of detail. At least one course is required for professional M.Arch. students.
1186	ARC	506A	S08-09		Architecture Design Studio	Vertical Design Studios examine architecture as cultural production, taking into account its capacity to structure both physical environments and social organizations. Projects include a broad range of project types, including individual buildings, urban districts and landscapes.
1187	ARC	506B	S08-09		Architecture Design Studio	Vertical Design Studios examine architecture as cultural production, taking into account its capacity to structure both physical environments and social organizations. Projects include a broad range of project types, including individual buildings, urban districts and landscapes.
1188	ARC	508	S08-09		Thesis Studio	The Master of Architecture Thesis is an independent design project on a theme selected by the student. The student begins with a thesis statement outlining an area of study or a problem that has consequences for contemporary architectural production. Marking the transition between the academic and professional worlds, the thesis project is an opportunity for each student to define an individual position with regard to a specific aspect of architectural practice. As an integral part of the design process, it is intended that the thesis project will incorporate research, programming and site definition.
1189	ARC	509	S08-09		Integrated Building Systems	An introduction to building systems and the methods of construction used to realize design in built form. First half of the course exposes students to the primary systems, materials and principals used in construction of buildings and the fabrication of elements, through lectures and accompanying lab sessions. Focus shifts in second half to explaining the means by which information is communicated from designers to fabricators, current standards in the practice of architecture, and practice's relation to changes in methods of fabrication and project delivery.
1190	ARC	511	S08-09		Structural Design	Introduction to the design of building structures of steel, timber and reinforced concrete.
1191	ARC	513	S08-09		Contemporary Facade Design, Procurement and Execution	The course will introduce students to the current state of facade design and engineering as an emerging integrated discipline and for students to develop an understanding of the global facade industry. Discussion will focus on the multi-faceted and changing role of the architect in enabling and leading the necessary collaborative process that is required to collectively achieve common goals in a discipline that is both essential to the artistic expression of building and which is highly technical in every regard.
1192	ARC	515	S08-09		The Environmental Engineering of Buildings, Part II	Study and evaluation of mechanical and electrical system applications for different building types, including air conditioning, electrical, plumbing and telecommunications.  Emphasis on design integration with architecture and structure within the construction process including sustainable design and energy conservation.  Introduction to vertical transportation, life safety systems, and intelligent buildings. Emphasis on a conceptual approach using case studies and field trips.
1193	ARC	516	S08-09		Architectural Acoustics and Lighting	A study of the needs and means of environmental control, including the luminous and acoustic aspects of buildings and urban developments.  It examines daylight and electric light in relation to architectural spatial relations as well as materials and construction that affect our aural experience in the environment.
1194	ARC	523	S08-09		Metropolitanism: History, Theory, Effect	Course considers the rise of the mega-city and global urbanism and how the metropolis has become a historical concept.  First part of seminar surveys metropolitan history from 1868 to the present, followed by a series of weekly subject-based case studies pairing urban visionaries: power (Haussmann and Moses), space (Mies and Wright), capital (Simmel and Tafuri), community (Wirth and Goodman), type (Rossi and Rowe), context (Venturi and Koolhaas), among other topics.
1195	ARC	549	S08-09		History and Theories of Architecture: 20th Century	An overview of the major themes running through the various strands of modern architecture in the twentieth century. While overarching in scope, the seminar is based on a close reading of selected buildings and texts by prominent figures of the modern movement and its aftermath. Special emphasis is given to the historiography and history of reception of modern architecture, as well as the cultural, aesthetic and scientific theories that have informed contemporary architectural debates, including organicism, vitalism, functionalism, historicism and their opposites.
1196	ARC	560	S08-09		Topics in Contemporary Architecture & Urbanism: Politics of the Building Envelope	Seminar explores the building envelope as the intersection between environmental, iconographic and territorial concerns.  As the limit between inside/outside, natural/artificial, private/public, the building envelope is a key political subject. By analyzing the building envelope, the course identifies a ground on which to re-empower the discipline as a transformative force in the reorganization of the contemporary ecologies of power.
1197	ARC	563	S08-09		Starting, Building, and Operating an Architectural Practice: Business and Legal Issues in Architectural Practice	Review and analysis of the dynamics and process inherent in starting, developing, managing and operating an architectural practice, including marketing, finance, human resources, project process, liability, insurance, and general management.  Areas of particular emphasis include project accounting, public presentations, and the development of a business plan.
1198	ARC	565	S08-09		History and Theory of Landscape Design	A study of the ideals and practices which shaped the design of landscape from about 1600 - 1900, emphasizing changing conceptions of nature.  Major consideration will be given to diverse approaches to documenteing the landscape, ranging from painting and literature to scientific survey, and the uses to which these representations were put by artists, architects, engineers, and other makers and interpreters of the environment.
1199	ARC	572	S08-09		Research in Architecture	This course is an advanced pro-seminar that will examine the spatial histories and representational forms of the modern city.  Students will read architectural, urban and theoretical texts and conduct individual research on how spatial theory affects the manner in which cities and architectural forms have been written about, envisioned and built.
1200	ARC	574	S08-09		Computing and Imaging in Architecture	This course on digital media infrastructure will explore breaking technologies of fabrication, modeling and design based on production pipelines pioneered by the film and gaming industries: pipelines we will author in CATIA, Gehry Technologies Digital Project, & Bentley's Generative Components.  A series of formal experiments will be carried out each culminating in the fabrication of rapid prototypes using the CNC mill & the InVision 3D printer, explicitly challenging conventional modes of practice & seeking insight into new forms of organization, techniques & operative procedures.
1201	ARC	576	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Modern Architecture: Architecture and Media: Modern Architecture as Surveillance	The seminar will explore the critical transformation in the relationship between interior and exterior space in modern architecture as a key symptom of the rise of surveillance culture.  An analysis of modern houses will be used as a frame to register the convolution of boundaries between inside and outside produced by the emerging reality of the technologies of communication and surveillance.  The basic position to be explored is both that architecture has been completely transformed by the new spatialities of the media and that architecture itself has always operated as a form of media.
1202	ARC	586	S08-09		Material Ecologies	Buckminster Fuller once noted that the problem of diminishing global resources & the energy crisis was not one of fundamental lack but one of ignorance, failure of imagination & inability to use resources intelligently. Architecture consumes resources, demands expenditure of vast sums of money, is undeniably involved in the global exchange of energy & capital & the global distribution of material. Inevitably architecture is implicated in the social & environmental effects produced by these systems of exchange. How do architects situate themselves within this ecological need? What impact does it have on architecture as a material practice?
1203	ARC	596	S08-09		Topics in Architecture and Information	At a time when architectural discourse and practice are brimming with references to new geometries, this course demystifies the generative potential of three-dimensional surfaces.    With equal emphasis on formal and graphic analysis, elementary mathematical thinking and numerically controlled material technology, the seminar circles, in increasingly tight loops, the surface as object of knowledge.
1204	ART	101	S08-09	LA	Introduction to the History of Art: Renaissance to Contemporary	An introduction to selected periods and works of art and architecture from the Renaissance to the present as well as an introduction to the discipline of art history. Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1205	ART	202	S08-09	LA	Greek Art: Ideal Realism	A study of Greek sculpture and painting from the Late Geometric period (760 B.C.) to the end of the Hellenistic Period (31 B.C.). Emphasis on the interaction of abstraction and naturalism.  Readings include the ancient poets, tragedians, and historians to place the art in its intellectual and social context.
1206	ART	203	S08-09	LA	Roman Art	The course provides a general introduction to Roman art.  It discusses various artistic media--portraiture, historical relief, etc.--and highlights important works.
1207	ART	205	S08-09	LA	Medieval Art in Europe	ART 205 provides an introduction to theories of medieval visual culture, intellectual life, trade and cultural exchange. Discussing media, monuments and techniques, the artistic centers of the monastery, abbey, cathedral and urban complex are considered, as are sites of pilgrimage and routes of artistic communication. The proto-national visual vocabulary of thirteenth-century Paris and the Romanesque churches of Europe introduce concepts of cultural modeling and socio-material landscapes. Portable objects, micro-architecture and illuminated manuscripts from c. 500-1500 are addressed within the contexts of their creation.
1208	ART	209	S08-09	LA	Between Renaissance and Revolution:  Baroque Art in Europe	This course surveys painting and sculpture in Europe ca. 1580-1780.  An examination of major artists and trends in their social, cultural and political settings.  Close attention to works of art in lectures and in museums in Princeton and New York.
1209	ART	214	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Art: 1950 to the Present	A critical study of the major movements, paradigms, and documents of postwar art--abstract-expressionist, pop, minimalist, conceptual, process and performance, site-specific, etc.  Special attention to crucial figures (e.g., Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Robert Smithson) and problems (e.g., "the neo-avant-garde", popular culture, feminist theory, political controversies, "postmodernism").
1210	ART	217	S08-09	LA	Early Japanese Art and Archaeology	Survey of Japanese art from its beginnings to the end of the 12th century.  Neolithic pottery, Buddhist and secular arts will be examined.  Emphasizes the relationship between the continental culture of China and Japan, as well as the native Japanese tradition.
1211	ART	237	S08-09	LA	Modern and Contemporary African Art	This course examines the range of work by African artists from the colonial period to the era of post-independence. It seeks to familiarize students with modern and contemporary art from Africa by studying forms, ideas, and subject matter that have preoccupied African artists since the mid-20th century. It is also interested in the critical practices that have helped set these artists on the global stage, as well as theoretical structures that might help our understanding of these processes.
1212	ART	308	S08-09	LA	Roman Cities and Countryside: Republic to Empire	The course will thematize the imperial presence in capital and empire.  Case studies will be conducted regarding the distribution of propagandistic imagery, and the transformation of Roman society from the end of the Republic (1st century B.C.) to the time of Trajan (117 A.D.)  Course structure: workshop with emphasis on communal looking and development of methodological skills.
1213	ART	310	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Painting and Book Illumination of the Islamic World	A survey of painting and book illustration in the Islamic world between the 8th and the 20th centuries.  Topics may include thematic subjects, styles and schools, as well as intensive discussions of some masters.  Visits to museums are planned.
1214	ART	320	S08-09	LA	Rome, the Eternal City	The main goal of this course is to acquaint students with the major architectural monuments of ancient and post-classical Rome, paying particular attention to creative transformations of form and meaning. The urban development of the city will be stressed and used to provide a contextual reading of individual buildings and public spaces.
1215	ART	343	S08-09	LA	Masters and Movements of 19th-Century Art	Modern Masculinities: Course examines representations of masculinity in the art of the long 19th century (ca. 1789-1914), considering them in light of the innovations and pressures of modernity. Topics will include theories of masculinity, historical trauma, homoeroticism, the masculine body, artistic brotherhoods, and psychoanalytical approaches to art history. Because conceptions of masculinity and femininity are inherently related, our investigation will open onto broader issues of gender in 19th-century art. Artists will include David, Girodet, the Pre-Raphaelites, Manet, Eakins, Caillebotte, Cézanne, Rodin and others.
1216	ART	352	S08-09	LA	Chinese Art in the Century of Revolution	Chinese art in the 20th century, considered in terms of international influence and domestic struggles, cultural exhaustion and alternative modernities, state-dominated art and censorship, the Chinese cultural disapora, and the international success of Chinese art today.
1217	ART	373	S08-09	LA	History of African American Art	This course introduces the history of African American art and visual culture from the colonial period to the present.  Artists and works of art will be considered in terms of their social, intellectual, and historical contexts and students will be encouraged to consider artistic practices as they intersect with other cultural spheres, including science, politics, religion, and literature. Topics and readings will be drawn from the field of art history as well as from other areas of inquiry such as cultural studies, critical race theory, and the history of the Atlantic world.
1218	ART	410	S08-09	LA	Seminar. Greek Art	The course will examine the birth and early development of Greek figural art from the 8th through the 5th centuries BCE with particular focus on distinct regional variations in an effort to describe more fully the genesis of artistic traditions that lasted 1,000 years in antiquity and stimulated a modern renaissance in Europe.  Readings will be drawn both from original literature in translation and modern critical studies.
1219	ART	420	S08-09	LA	Seminar in Asian Art: Rinpa	The seminar will examine the Rinpa school, a loosely affiliated group of artists active in the Edo period (1615-1868) who employed formal innovation to explore a wide variety of subject matter.  Rinpa artisits worked in many different mediums, including painting, lacquer, and ceramics, creating two- and three-dimensional works of art that took advantage of the properties of the respective mediums.  The seminar will consider the traditions (such as the Kano workshop), and the especially broad base of Rinpa patronage.
1220	ART	434	S08-09	LA	Forms, Spaces and Vision in the Late Middle Ages	This seminar focuses on vision, memory and the production of social and cultural space in northern and southern Europe (c. 1250-1500). Discussion of architecture, objects and images with late medieval representations of physical, metaphysical and intellectual vision includes anthropological paradigms of technology transformation and creativity. Links between Western and Islamic visual and structural traditions are addressed through the shared technologies, forms and spaces of Mediterranean exchange. Under consideration are concepts surrounding a transregional visual culture bounded by the limits of local knowledge.
1221	ART	441	S08-09	LA	Art, Science, Magic	This seminar considers aspects of the interactions of art, science, and magic during the Early Modern Period (the Renaissance) in Europe.  Topics include nature studies and natural history, collecting, art and magic, art and astrology, art and alchemy, and art and witchcraft.  Students will also have the opportunity to pursue their own special interests.
1222	ART	443	S08-09	LA	Global Exchange in Art and Architecture	Examines the global exchange in art and architecture between and among the continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas in the period 1492-1800.  The course focuses on the geographical, historical, religious, anthropological, and aesthetic aspects of issues such as cultural encounters, diffusion, transculturation, regionalism, and related topics.
1223	ART	450	S08-09	LA	Seminar. 19th-Century European Art	Self and Society in 19th-century French Painting: The 19th century saw the rise of modern "individualism," in the arts no less than in other areas of society. This seminar will investigate how this turn towards the self was made manifest in painting, while also attending to the ways artists resisted isolation and narcissism in their work. Artists will include David, Boilly, Ingres, Courbet, Fantin-Latour, Manet, Degas, and others. Topics will include self-portraiture, group portraiture, the representation of artistic communities and social networks, and the artist's studio as a space of both individual privacy and sociability.
1224	ART	454	S08-09	LA	Seminar. History of Photography	Inventing Mass Photography in the Collodion Era.  Between 1851 and 1870 photographs in the form of albumen prints from collodion-on-glass negatives flooded world markets.  This seminar, focusing on British and French works in Princeton collections, will explore the social impact of cheap, mass-produced photographs and will address topics such as the invention of celebrity portraits; tourism and the documentation of place; photographs as entertainment; and the formation of photo archives.  Students will also participate in a four-day workshop during spring break in which they will use collodion and view cameras to make tintypes and ambrotypes.
1225	ART	455	S08-09	LA	Seminar in Modern Art: Learning Things: Technologies of Education in Avant-Garde Culture	In connection with the creation of a contemporary art exhibition, this seminar will explore the role of technologies of education in theories and practices of avant-garde culture in Germany and Austria, 1919-34. How did artists and philosophers see "object-teaching"/"teaching through the senses" or Anschauungsunterricht, an approach to pedagogy developed in the early 19th century as having the potential to transform the internal and external characteristics and capacities, and eventually the social lives, of human beings in 20th century Europe? How might these materials and beliefs be seen as meaningful to us today?
1226	ART	462	S08-09	LA	Representing Race in American Art	This course explores how the complex and contested concept of "race" intersects with the categories of "art" and "visual culture" in the United States, colonial era to the present.  By examining the work of a range of artists and image-makers and by drawing on the literatures of art history, the history of science, cultural studies, and critical race theory, it considers how the concept of "race" has been imagined, constructed, used, or challenged by American artists and audiences. The seminar is organized around a series of topics and themes, including: New World encounters, visualizing slavery, whiteness, minstrelsy, and "racial" art.
1227	ART	468	S08-09	LA	The Art and Politics of Ancient Maya Courts	This course explores royal Maya courts of the 7th and 8th centuries, with particular attention given to art and writing.  We will consider in depth several of the most impressive Maya courts.  Regular decipherment assignments will complement assigned readings.  A spring recess trip to Chiapas, Mexico, is a mandatory component of the course (funded by Princeton).  Students will conduct independent research on a topic of their choosing, presenting their findings both as an oral presentation and as a term paper.
1228	ART	544	S08-09		Seminar in Northern Renaissance: The Art of Albrecht Durer	Examines the staggering diversity of Albrecht Dürer's pictorial experimentation, as well as his role as a collector, teacher, diarist, art theorist and intellectual in the German Reformation. The course will question traditional emphases upon the idea of Dürer's "mastery." Specific attention will be paid to Dürer's media (print, painting, theory); his travels in Italy and the Netherlands, and his interest in non-European exotica (pachyderms, Mexican headdresses). The cultural deification (and deconstruction) of Dürer by subsequent art histories will also be a concern. Trips to the PUAM print room, New York and/or Washington.
1229	ART	547	S08-09		Studies in Renaissance and Baroque Architecture	Architecture and Urban Planning in Rome, 1580-1750 - Advanced research in the history of architecture from 1400 to 1750. Topics will vary, with the focus each year placed on important European centers and architects, and on issues related to architectural theory and practice.
1230	ART	563	S08-09		Seminar in Modern Architecture: Global Cities	During the past decades, globalization has begun to change urban environments irrevocably, as the local and the global become more integrated and regional boundaries eroded. While many architects hail the new transnational and deterritorialized configurations with their megacities and building booms, others fiercely resist homogenization by favoring place-based strategies. This course will study the effects of globalization in cities like Los Angeles, Mumbai, Lagos, Sao Paulo and Shanghai, that have had to deal with spatial polarization, economic and environmental inequality, displacement and gentrification in this age of rapid change.
1231	ART	565	S08-09		Seminar in Modernist Art and Theory: Bathetic, Brutal, Banal	"Art is modern art through mimesis of the hardened and the alienated," Theodor Adorno writes in "Aesthetic Theory" (1970). In this seminar we will explore this intriguing thesis and, in doing so, attempt to come to terms with a related formulation about modernism, this one from Walter Benjamin: "In its buildings, pictures, and stories, mankind is preparing to outlive culture, if need be" ("Experience and Poverty," 1933). Our selected practices will range from Dada, through Art Brut and Brutalist architecture, to Pop and contemporary art, and our discussion will be framed by the three terms in the title.
1232	ART	576	S08-09		Special Problems in Japanese Art	Focused studies of various artistic epochs, schools, and themes in Japanese art. The seminar is adjusted to the needs of the students.
1233	AST	203	S08-09	QR	The Universe	This specially designed course targets the frontier of modern astrophysics. Subjects include the planets of our solar system, the birth, life, and death of stars; the search for extrasolar planets and extraterrestrial life; the zoo of galaxies from dwarfs to giants, from starbursts to quasars; dark matter and the large-scale structure of the universe; Einstein's special and general theory of relativity, black holes, worm holes, time travel, and big bang cosmology. This course is designed for the non-science major and has no prerequisites past high school algebra and geometry. High school physics would be useful.
1234	AST	204	S08-09	QR	Topics in Modern Astronomy	This course will provide a broad overview to modern astronomy and astrophysics for students in the sciences.  Topics include historical developments; overview of the solar system; the structure and evolution of stars; supernovae, neutron stars and black holes; formation, structure and evolution of galaxies; cosmology and the early universe; and life in the universe.
1235	AST	309	S08-09		Nuclear Energy in a Carbon-Constrained World: Fission and Fusion	Concern about climate change and improved operation of nuclear fission power plants are creating the potential for a 'renaissance' of nuclear fission power. The recent international agreement to construct a major fusion energy experiment (ITER) to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion on an industrial scale is increasing interest in the practical application of fusion power. This course will introduce the history, science, technology, and economics of both fission and fusion, with special emphasis on both societal risks, such as nuclear weapons proliferation, and societal benefits, such as reduced CO2 emissions.
1236	AST	403	S08-09		Stars and Star Formation	Stars form by the gravitational collapse of interstellar gas clouds, and as they evolve, return some of their gas to the interstellar medium, altering its physical state and chemical composition. This course discusses the properties and evolution of the gaseous and stellar components of a galaxy: the theory and observations of star formation; stellar structure; the production of energy by nucleosynthesis; stellar evolution; stellar end states; and the interpretation of observations of the diffuse and dense interstellar medium. We will discuss how major telescopes and space missions might tackle these problems.
1237	AST	517	S08-09		Diffuse Matter in Space	Subject of course is the astrophysics of the interstellar medium: theory and observations of the gas, dust, plasma, energetic particles, magnetic field, and electromagnetic radiation in interstellar space. Emphasis will be on theory, including elements of: fluid dynamics; excitation of atoms, molecules and ions; radiative processes; radiative transfer; simple interstellar chemistry; and physical properties of dust grains.The theory will be applied to phenomena including; interstellar clouds (both diffuse atomic clouds and dense molecular clouds); HII regions; shock waves; supernova remnants; cosmic rays; interstellar dust; and star formation.
1238	AST	542	S08-09		Seminar in Observational Astrophysics: Seminar in Observational Astrophysics	Students will prepare and deliver presentations and lead discussion about topics of current interest in observational astrophysics and techniques.  The topic for this academic year will be instrumentation, optics, and techniques.
1239	AST	552	S08-09		General Plasma Physics II	Introduction to Plasma Physics at the Graduate level.  Principles and applications of magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic theory. These principles are fundamental to Plasma Science, and the illustrative applications are relevant to current magnetic fusion research.
1240	AST	554	S08-09		Irreversible Processes in Plasmas	Introduction to theory of fluctuations and transport in plasma. Origins of irreversibility.  Random walks, Brownian motion, and diffusion; Langevin and Fokker-Planck theory. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem; test-particle superposition principle.  Statistical closure problem.  Derivation of kinetic equations from BBGKY hierarchy and Klimontovich formalism; properties of plasma collision operators. Classical transport coefficients in magnetized plasmas; Onsager symmetry.  Introduction to plasma turbulence, including quasilinear theory. Applications to current problems in plasma research.
1241	AST	558	S08-09		Seminar in Plasma Physics	Advances in experimental and theoretical studies or laboratory and naturally-occurring high-temperature plasmas, including stability and transport, nonlinear dynamics and turbulence, magnetic reconnection, selfheating of "burning" plasmas, and innovative concepts for advanced fusion systems.  Advances in plasma applications, including laser-plasma interactions, nonneutral plasmas, high-intensity accelerators, plasma propulsion, plasma processing, and coherent electromagnetic wave generation.
1242	AST	560	S08-09		Computational Methods in Plasma Physics	Analysis of methods for the numerical solution of the partial differential equations of plasma physics, including those of elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic, and eigenvalue type.  Topics include finite difference, finite element, spectral, particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo, moving grid, and multiple-time-scale techniques, applied to the problems of plasma equilibrium, transport and stability.  Basic parallel programming concepts are discussed.
1243	AST	562	S08-09		Laboratory in Plasma Physics	Develop skills, knowledge, and understanding of basic and advanced laboratory techniques used to measure the properties and behavior of plasmas.  Representative experiments are: cold-cathode plasma formation and architecture; ambipolar diffusion in afterglow plasmas; Langmuir probe measurements of electron temperature and plasma density; period doubling and transitions to chaos in glow discharges; optical spectroscopy for species identification; microwave interferometry and cavity resonances for plasma density determination; and momentum generated by a plasma thruster.
1244	ATL	494	S08-09	LA	Princeton Atelier: Theatre for the War Between Mouth and Body	Led by playwright/director Adriano Shaplin (artistic director of the Riot Group) and Whit MacLaughlin, actor/writer/director (artistic director of New Paradise Laboratories), this Atelier will look at two incidents from the first Clinton administration the confrontation between the Weaver family and the FBI at Ruby Ridge, and the stand-off at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas and bring these stories into conversation with collaborative theater. The project will include an initial training period, a research and dramaturgy lab, collective creation with the actors, a writing and editing phase, and a rehearsal process.
1245	ATL	496	S08-09	LA	Princeton Atelier: Two-Sided Plays	This Atelier, led by performance artist, Laurie Anderson, explores the creation and production of plays for two performers. These works will be built in various ways to express duality. Using the frameworks of duets, conversations and arguments, focus on the first phase will be on scene - and playwriting. Developed works can take the form of almost any media: software, music, traditional  two-person plays, dance, poetry, song cycle, web art, or multimedia show. There will be a special focus on electronic manipulation of voices, creation of video sets, and reinventing theatrical devices.
1246	ATL	498	S08-09	LA	Princeton Atelier: Bodies In Evidence:Strategies for Creating Complex Fict.Characters	Novelist Toni Morrison and installation artist Christian Tomaszewski will lead a writing and visual art Atelier exploring the imaginative process of creating fictional characters.  The course expects the writing experience to help students create visual evidence of the characters they have imagined.
1247	BCS	102	S08-09		Beginning Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian II	A continuation of BCS 101. This course continues to develop and refine the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing), concentrating on conversational practice, advanced grammar points, oral drilling, increased reading (BCS literature, folklore, and expository prose, including works chosen according to students' interests), and viewing films. Prerequisite:  BCS 101.   Five classes.
1248	CEE	105	S08-09	ST	Lab in Conservation of Art	This course examines how environmental factors (acid, rain, ice, salts, and biota) damage sculpture and monuments made of stone and masonry, paintings on wood, and sculptures in bronze. We examine campus buildings that illustrate each type of damage and visit the Cloisters Museum to learn how those medieval buildings are protected.  Lectures on structure and properties of materials and mechanisms of attack.  Labs include quantifying water movement through stone, damage from freezing and salts, strength of mortars, protective effects of sealants and consolidants, effect of moisture on wood.
1249	CEE	262A	S08-09		Structures and the Urban Environment	This course focuses on structural engineering as a new art form begun during the Industrial Revolution and flourishing today in long-span bridges, thin shell concrete vaults, and tall buildings.  Through critical analysis of major works students are introduced to the methods of evaluating structures as an art form.  Students study the works and ideas of individual structural artists through their elementary calculations, their builder's mentality and their aesthetic imagination.  Students examine contemporary exemplars that are essential to the understanding of 21st century structuring of cities with illustrations taken from various cities.
1250	CEE	262B	S08-09	ST	Structures and the Urban Environment	This course focuses on structural engineering as a new art form begun during the Industrial Revolution and flourishing today in long-span bridges, thin shell concrete vaults, and tall buildings.  Through laboratory experiments students study the scientific basis for structural performance and thereby connect external forms to the internal forces in the major works of structural engineers.  Students examine contemporary exemplars that are essential to the understanding of 21st century structuring of cities with illustrations taken from various cities in the U.S. and abroad.
1251	CEE	303	S08-09	STX	Introduction to Environmental Engineering	The course introduces the students to the basic chemical and physical processes of relevance in environmental engineering. Mass and energy balance and transport concepts are introduced and the chemical principles governing reaction kinetics and phase partitioning are presented. We then turn our focus to the application of these principles in environmental engineering problems related to water and air pollution. Finally, these local problems are analyzed in the context of global environmental change.
1252	CEE	306	S08-09		Hydrology	Analysis of fundamental processes in the hydrologic cycle, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, streamflow and groundwater flow.
1253	CEE	307	S08-09	QR	Field Ecohydrology	This three-week course, offered as part of a four-course study abroad semester, takes place at Princeton Univeristy's Mpala Research Centre in central Kenya.  The course will provide an introduction to the principles of hydrological sciences through the development and application of instrumentation for characterizing surface/subsurface hydrological dynamics in field settings.  Lectures and field activities will address the theory of operation, design, and implementation of methods used to quantify hydrological patterns and processes.
1254	CEE	365	S08-09		Soil Mechanics	General introduction to physical and engineering properties of soils. Soil classification and identification methods. Soil exploration, sampling, and in-situ testing techniques. Permeability, seepage, and consolidation phenomena. Bearing capacity. Stress Distributions and Settlements. Slope stability, Lateral Pressures.
1255	CEE	366	S08-09		Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures	Materials in reinforced concrete.  Flexural analysis and design of beams.  Shear and diagonal tension in beams. Short columns.  Frames. Serviceability.  Bond, anchorage and development length.  Slabs. Special topics. Introduction to design of steel structures.
1256	CEE	376	S08-09		Independent Research Project	Independent research in the student's area of interest. The work must be conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and must result in a final paper.
1257	CEE	445	S08-09		Air Quality and Aerosol Processes	This course will address the sources, transport, chemical transformation, and sink of air pollution on local to global scales. Air pollutants to be studied include trace gas species as well as aerosol particles such as aqueous sulfates, organics, soot, nitrogen-containing particulates, and mineral particles. Concepts address in the class include chemical reactions important to photochemical smog, aerosol particles physics and chemistry (e.g nucleation , growth, deliquensence), acid precipitation , and multiphase chemistry in clouds.
1258	CEE	462	S08-09		Design of Large-Scale Structures: Bridges	The design of bridges is considered from the conceptual phase up to the final design phase.  The following issues are addressed in this course: types of bridges, design codes, computer modeling of bridges, seismic analysis and design, seismic retrofit design, inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation of bridges, movable bridges, bridge aerodynamics, organization of a typical engineering firm, marketing for engineering work.  Several computer codes are used in this course.
1259	CEE	478	S08-09		Senior Thesis	A formal report on research involving analysis, synthesis, and design, directed toward improved understanding and resolution of a significant problem.  The research is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and the thesis is defended by the student at a public examination before a faculty committee.  The senior thesis is equivalent to a year-long study and is recorded as a double course in the Spring.
1260	CEE	502	S08-09		Environmental Engineering Fundamentals II: Surface and Subsurface Processes	This second course in the two-part series focuses on surface and subsurface processes in environmental engineering.  Topics to be addressed include the evapotranspiration and energy fluxes, physical hydrology of the surface and subsurface, and transport and chemistry of subsurface flows.  These topics are discussed and analyzed through the use of governing equations and concepts of environmental engineering.
1261	CEE	507	S08-09		Independent Study I	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out independent study.  Prior to course registration, students must complete a departmental Graduate Independent Study form that describes the work being undertaken, and have the form approved by the supervising faculty member and the Director of Graduate Studies.
1262	CEE	508	S08-09		Independent Study II	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out independent study.  Prior to course registration, students must complete a departmental Graduate Independent Study form that describes the work being undertaken, and have the form approved by the supervising faculty member and the Director of Graduate Studies.  Usually taken in the Spring semester.
1263	CEE	509	S08-09		Directed Research	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out research and presents the results.  Directed research is normally taken during the first year of study. The total grading of the course will be 25% poster presentation and 75% submitted work.
1264	CEE	510	S08-09		Research Seminar	This seminar is a continuation of CEE 509. Each student carries out research, writes a report and presents the research results. Doctoral candidates must complete this course one semester prior to taking the general examination. The total grading of the course will be 25% oral presentation and 75% submitted work.
1265	CEE	512	S08-09		Design of Large-scale Structures: Bridges	The design of bridges is considered from the conceptual phase up to the final design phase.  The following issues are addressed in this course: types of bridges, design codes, computer modeling of bridges, seismic analysis and design, seismic retrofit design, inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation of bridges, movable bridges, bridge aerodynamics, organization of a typical engineering firm, marketing for engineering work.  Several computer codes are used in this course.
1266	CEE	525	S08-09		Applied Numerical Methods	The goal of this course is to introduce students to a broad spectrum of numerical methods for the analysis of typical mathematics, physics, or engineering problems.  Topics covered include: error analysis, interpolation and polynomial approximation, numerical differentiation and integration, ordinary differential equations, and partial differential equations.
1267	CEE	532	S08-09		Advanced Finite-element Methods	The course emphasizes techniques for solving classes of linear and nonlinear elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic and eigenvalue problems encountered in structures and mechanics. It explores implicit, explicit, and implicit-explicit elements and subdomain strategies in transient analysis; stability, consistency, and accuracy of integration procedures; error estimates; approximation properties; and computer implementation.  Prerequisite: working knowledge of a scientific computer language.
1268	CEE	558	S08-09		Random Fields and Random Media	Synthesis of methods to describe, analyze, and, where appropriate, predict and control random fields or distributed disordered systems. Second-order analysis of space-time processes.  Spectral parameters, level excursions, and extremes.  Discrete-unit stochastic processes.  Fractal and multi-scale random fields.  Simulation, parameter estimation, prediction, and optimal sampling.  Stochastic growth processes applications to a wide range of problems in engineering and the sciences. Lectures and guided self-study with a term project.
1269	CEE	567	S08-09		Advanced Design and Behavior of Steel Structures	Advanced topics in the design and analysis of steel structures are covered.  These topics include local and global stability, second-order effects of combined bending and axial loads, torsion, and structural design for fire.
1270	CEE	576	S08-09		Water Quality Modeling and Analysis	The course explores construction and solution of water-quality models for transport and transformation of pollutants in surface runoff, streams, lakes, estuaries, and groundwaters; and the basic principles of water quality modeling.  It reviews existing models and the utility and appropriateness of various modeling techniques for analysis and prediction.
1271	CEE	578	S08-09		Air Quality and Aerosol Processes	Course examines the sources, transport, chemical transformation, and sinks of air pollution on local to global scales.  Air pollutants to be studied include trace gas species as well as aerosol particles such as aqueous sulfates, organics, soot, nitrogen-containing particulates, and mineral particles.  Concepts addressed in the class include chemical reactions important to photochemical smog, aerosol particle physics and chemistry (e.g. nucleation, growth, deliquesence), acid precipitation, and multiphase chemistry in clouds.
1272	CEE	586	S08-09		Physical Hydrology	The course develops model parameterization for land surface water and energy models based on the underlying physics and mechanisms of surface and subsurface runoff generation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and snow accumulation and melt.  A goal of the course will be the development of a land surface model.  Numerical issues related to land surface modeling will be discussed.
1273	CEE	587	S08-09		Ecohydrology	A description of the hydrologic mechanisms that underlie ecological observations. The space-time dynamics of soil-plant-atmosphere is studied at different temporal and spatial scales. A review is done of the role of environmental fluctuations in the distribution of vegetation. Emphasis is made in the dynamics of soil moisture. The signatures revealing fractal structures in landscapes and vegetation are reviewed as result of self-organizing dynamics. Unifying concepts in the processes responsible for these signatures will be studied with examples from hydrology and ecology.
1274	CHE	246	S08-09	STX	Thermodynamics	Basic concepts and principles governing the equilibrium behavior of macroscopic fluid and solid systems of interest in modern chemical engineering. First law: energy conservation in open and closed systems. Second law: temperature, entropy and reversibility. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances and mixtures. Phase equilibrium and introduction to reaction equilibrium. Introduction to the microscopic and statistical basis of thermodynamics.
1275	CHE	250	S08-09	STX	Separations in Biotechnology and Chemical Process Engineering	This course covers the theory and practice of separations technologies used in the chemical and biochemical industry. Both equilibrium and rate-based separations will be discussed including distillation and chromatography as the primary examples. The first 2/3 of the course will focus on traditional chemical separations while the remainder of the course will be devoted to bioseparations.
1276	CHE	346	S08-09		Chemical Engineering Laboratory	An intensive hands-on practice of engineering.  Experimental work in the areas of separations, heat transfer, fluid mechanics, process dynamics and control, materials processing and characterization, chemical reactors.  Development of written and oral technical communication skills.
1277	CHE	352	S08-09		Independent Work	Permits selected students to work independently upon projects of interest to them and related to their departmental studies.  This course represents a one-term project in the spring of the junior year. Sophomores with advanced standing may petition to do independent work.
1278	CHE	423	S08-09		Biologically Inspired Materials	This course will focus on the pathways utilized by biological systems to produce hierarchically structured inorganic/organic nanocomposites such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and sea-shells. These structures form through template-assisted self-assembly, in which self-assembled organic materials (proteins, lipids, or both) serve as the structural scaffolding. The outcome is multifunctional composites with self-healing, sensing, and actuating properties. The course will critically evaluate the potential of biologically-inspired materials in future applications.
1279	CHE	441	S08-09		Chemical Reaction Engineering	Introduction to chemical reaction engineering and reactor design in chemical and biological processes.  Concepts of chemical kinetics for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.  Coupled transport and chemical/biological rate processes.  Reaction network analysis.
1280	CHE	452	S08-09		Independent Work	This is a one-term independent work for seniors in Chemical Engineering.  This is to be selected only by students doing one-term independent work in the spring of the senior year.  Students doing a two-term thesis should register for ChE 454.
1281	CHE	454	S08-09		Senior Thesis	This is a two-term independent work/thesis for seniors in Chemical Engineering.  Students doing one-term independent work should register for ChE 451 (fall) or ChE 452 (spring).
1282	CHE	501	S08-09		Incompressible Fluid Mechanics	Self-contained treatment of incompressible fluid mechanics including conservation laws and constitutive relations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows, dimensional analysis, unidirectional and creeping flows, self-similar flows, asymptotic approximations to complex flows, and lubrication and boundary layer phenomena. Time permitting, we introduce concepts and approximations relevant to hydrodynamic instabilities, turbulent flows and two-phase flows. Familiarity with vector analysis and solution techniques for ordinary and partial differential equations assumed.
1283	CHE	505	S08-09		Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer	This course will survey modeling and solutions methods for processes involving heat and mass transfer.  Topics will include convective and diffusive transport, conservation equations, scaling principles and approximation techniques, forced convection, multi-component energy and mass transfer as well as buoyancy and turbulent dirven transport.
1284	CHE	527	S08-09		Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization: Fundamentals and Applications	This course provides an introduction to the fundamentals of convex analysis, nonlinear programming, duality theory, mixed integer linear and nonlinear optimization. The theory is complemented by a variety of application in process synthesis design, and operations.  An introduction to deterministic global optimization and its applications will be provided.
1285	CHE	539	S08-09		Quantitative Physiology & Tissue Design	A treatment of the quantitative tools to understand the human body.  Course begin with a review of cell biology and anatomy, then examines cells, tissues, and organs using principles from engineering kinetics and transport processes.  Topics include: cell physiology; organ system physiology (including the cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems); pathophysiology.  Clinical treatments for human disease will also be analyzed.
1286	CHE	541	S08-09		Polymer Synthesis	Polymerization mechanisms and kinetics: condensation, free-radical, anionic, cationic, coordination.  Methods for control of macromolecular architecture. Chemical reactions on polymers, including functionalization. Reactors and processes for practical polymer production. Recent advances in polymer synthesis.
1287	CHE	591	S08-09		Seminar in Complex Materials	Discussion and study of current research in complex materials.
1288	CHE	592	S08-09		Seminar in Chemical Engineering	Discussion and study of current research in chemical engineering.
1289	CHI	102	S08-09		Elementary Chinese II	Continuation of Chinese 101.  To develop basic competence in understanding, speaking, reading and writing Mandarin Chinese.
1290	CHI	107	S08-09		Intermediate Chinese II	Continuing the intensive study of modern spoken and written Chinese, this course shifts the emphasis to the reading of modern cultural and social issues.
1291	CHI	108	S08-09		Intensive Intermediate Chinese	An intensive course covering 105 and 107 in one semester for students who have finished 103 which covers 101 and 102.  The course will emphasize reading and writing skills and the analysis of grammar.  After 108, students are ready for third year courses.
1292	CHI	302	S08-09		Introduction to Classical Chinese II	Continuation of Chi 301. Reading in Qin and Han philosophical and historical texts and essays written from Tang to Qing.
1293	CHI	304	S08-09		Third-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of CHI 303, designed to improve the student's facility in written and oral expression through a close study of newspaper essays and commentaries.   Prerequisite:  CHI 303 or instructor's permission.
1294	CHI	306	S08-09		Intensive Third-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of 305, designed to further improve the student's facility in written and oral expression through a close study of essays published in contemporary Chinese newspapers and magazines.
1295	CHI	404	S08-09		Fourth-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of 403.  Reading and discussion of scholarly writings in the fields of Chinese literature and modern Chinese intellectual history.  A weekly written assignment will be required.    Prerequisite: 403, or instructor's permission.
1296	CHI	406	S08-09		Intensive Fourth-Year Modern Chinese II	Continued reading and discussion of scholarly writings on modern Chinese literature.  This course also exposes students to the social issues China has faced in recent years, while discussing various aspects of contemporary Chinese society.
1297	CHI	412	S08-09	LA	Readings in Classic Chinese Short Stories	Focuses on reading and discussing selections from Feng Menglong's Sanyan, the most popular and well-known collection of Classic Chinese short stories published in the late sixteenth century.  One class, two hours of discussion, conducted in Chinese.  Prerequisite: three or more years of modern Chinese, or instructor's permission.
1298	CHM	202	S08-09	ST	General Chemistry II	Continuation of 201. Principles of chemistry; introduction to chemical bonding and solid state structure; chemical kinetics, nuclear chemistry; descriptive inorganic chemistry; laboratory maniuplations, preparations, and analysis. Fulfills medical school entrance requirements in general chemistry and qualitative analysis.  Three lectures, one class, one three-house laboratory..
1299	CHM	304	S08-09	ST	Organic Chemistry II - Biological Emphasis	Continuation of Chemistry 303 (or 301).  The concepts introduced in 303 will be extended to the structures and reactions of more complex molecules, with an emphasis on how organic chemistry provides the framework for understanding molecular processes in biology.  The fundamental concepts of organic chemistry will be illustrated, as often as possible, with examples drawn from biological systems.
1300	CHM	306	S08-09		Physical Chemistry: Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics	At the center of this course is the recognition of Gibbs Free Energy as a fundamental quantity describing physical processes.  From this, we will develop concepts of thermodynamics and kinetics, and illustrate them with examples from chemistry and biology.
1301	CHM	333	S08-09	STX	Oil to Ozone:  Chemistry of the Environment	The chemical background of environmental issues.  Topics include energy and fuels, greenhouse effect, ozone, air pollution, food production, pesticides, metals pollution, carcinogens and anti-oxidants.
1302	CHM	406	S08-09		Advanced Physical Chemistry: Chemical Dynamics and Thermodynamics	This course is an introduction to statistical thermodynamics, kinetics, and molecular reaction dynamics.   Following a review of classical thermodynamics, the statistical mechanics of molecular systems is developed.  The course emphasizes a microscopic view of the properties of matter and of chemical reactions.  Short discussions of transport properties, chemical kinetics, and reaction dynamics form the rest of the course.
1303	CHM	408	S08-09	STX	Inorganic Chemistry:  Reactions and Mechanisms	Structure-reactivity correlations for inorganic complexes will be emphasized.  Ligand substitution and electron transfer processes will be presented.  The course will highlight applications of inorganic and organometallic chemistry to areas of current interest to both organic and inorganic chemists.  These areas will include organic synthesis, "redox" reactions, catalysis, and materials. (NOTE: Prior completion of a full year of organic chemistry is required for enrollment.) Freshmen and Sophomores may enroll with instructor's permission ONLY.
1304	CHM	502	S08-09		Advanced Quantum Chemistry	Selected advanced topics in quantum mechanics including: time-dependent quantum mechanics, angular momentum theory, scattering theory, and radiation-matter interactions.
1305	CHM	507	S08-09		Solid State Chemistry	Elementary crystallography; structural principles of extended solids; introduction to solid state physics, lattice dynamics, band theory and optical properties, surfaces and nanostructures.
1306	CHM	510	S08-09		Topics in Physical Chemistry: Random Walks in Biology and Physical Sciences	This course provides an introduction to random walks that occur in biology and chemistry. Topics covered include random walks and diffusion, Brownian motion, chemotaxis, diffusion to multiple receptors, flagellar propulsion, diffusion processes in the cell, sedimentation, electrophoresis, chromatography, random walks of cells, pattern formation in biology, polymers, diffusion-limited aggregation, nuclear magnetic relaxation in liquids, first-passage time techniques, and Monte Carlo methods. Primers on all of the essential mathematical concepts will be given in class. This course is intended for undergraduate seniors and graduate students.
1307	CHM	512	S08-09		Chemical Kinetics	A survey of chemical kinetics. Kinetic measurements and experimental methods, reaction rate theory, molecular dynamics experiment and theory will be discussed.  Both gas phase and condensed phase kinetic studies will be considered.
1308	CHM	516	S08-09		Biophysical Chemistry II	Broad introduction to major contemporary techniques used to study structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules. Emphasis on applications, practical aspects, and experimental design rather than theory, and on strengths and limitations of individual methods and complementarities among them.  Intended to convey to students with diverse backgrounds and interests the utility of each method for solving molecular problems.
1309	CHM	525	S08-09		Production of Renewable Fuels and Energy	This course aims to present the scientific basis behind the current technological approaches used for the production of fuels from renewable sources and the barriers that need to be overcome to enable such technologies. The purpose is to learn scientific principles needed to solve a "grand challenge" of society.  The material will be introduced through readings taken from the current literature, as well as by focused seminars from experts in these topics.  Topics include: Fossil Fuel Reserves; SynFuels from coal; REforming of natural gas; Hydrogen from water splitting; (Continued in "Other Information.")
1310	CHM	534	S08-09		Modern Methods for Organic Synthesis	This course will expose you to many types of carbon-based molecular structures, the transformations they undergo, and many kinds of chemical reactions and strategies that are important to the field of organic synthesis. Recent advances in asymmetric catalysis, cascade and other complexity-generating structural transformations, and powerful strategies for chemical synthesis that evolved from ideas about the structural origins of important, biologiclaly active molecules such as steriod hormones, cofactors, and alkaloids will be addressed. (Continued in Other Information)
1311	CHM	536	S08-09		Topics in Organic Chemistry: Methods for Complex Organic Synthesis	An in-depth discussion of transition metal-catalyzed reactions commonly used in modern organic synthesis (e.g. cross coupling, olefin metathesis, asymmetric hydrogenation, etc.). Emphasis will be placed on the topic of selectivity (chemo-, regio-, and stereo-) and its mechanistic basis. The historical development, scope, and limitations of the methods will be discussed.  A prior course in organometallic chemistry (CHM 521) is recommended.
1312	CHM	539	S08-09		Introduction to Chemical Instrumentation	The application of instrumentation (chiefly spectrometers) to modern chemical and biochemical research, including medicinal chemistry will be covered.  Primary emphasis will be on NMR methods, but additional sections of the course will be devoted to mass spectrometry , X-ray diffraction, IR, UV, and EPR spectroscopy, as well as chiroptical techniques.  The integrated nature of using various instrumental methods for identification and characterization of molecular structure and dynamics will be emphasized.
1313	CHM	542	S08-09		Principles of Macromolecular Structure: Protein Folding, Structure and Design	This course will be taught from the scientific literature. We will begin the semester with several classic papers on protein folding. As the semester progresses, we will read about protein structure, stability, and folding pathways. The latter part of the semester will focus on recent papers describing new research aimed toward the construction of novel proteins from "scratch." These papers will cover topics ranging from evolution in vitro to computational and rational design. The course will end by discussing the possibility of creating entirely artificial proteomes in the laboratory.
1314	CHM	544	S08-09		Metals in Biology	Life processes depend on over 25 elements whose bioinorganic chemistry is relevant to the environment (biogeochemical cycles), agriculture, and health. Chem 544 surveys the bioinorganic chemistry of the elements. In-depth coverage of key transition metal ions including manganese, iron, copper, and molybdenum focuses on redox roles in anaerobic and aerobic systems and metalloenzymes that activate small molecules and ions, including hydrogen, nitrogen, nitrate, nitric oxide, oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Appreciation of the structure and reactivity of metalloenzyme systems is critical to understanding life at the molecular level.
1315	CHV	532	S08-09		Reading Law Reading (The Ethics of Reading, Part 1)	A seminar open to faculty and to graduate students is the first in a three-year series on "The Ethics of Reading and the Cultures of Professionalism". "Entitled Reading Law Reading," the seminar will set up a dialogue between interpretation in the law and in the humanities (especially literary criticism and theory), in order to ask whether the contexts and methods of interpretation promoted by legal scholarship, and taught to law students, would benefit from closer engagement with other interpretive disciplines.Conversely it will consider why many scholars from the humanities are so attracted to legal studies
1316	CLA	211	S08-09	EC	Rhetoric:  Classical Theory, Modern Practice	An introduction to the techniques of classical rhetoric both as a practical skill and as a philosophical approach to civic persuasion. Reading will consist of theoretical discussions  of the proper means and ends of persuasion, along with exercises from Greek and Roman manuals of rhetoric. The goals of the course are: acquiring a historically informed understanding of the philosophical and ethical problems these techniques raised in their times; mastering the main classical techniques for persuasive reading, writing, speaking, and image-making; applying these principles to the analysis of a wide range of modern forms of persuasion.
1317	CLA	216	S08-09	HA	Archaic and Classical Greece	The social, political, and cultural history of ancient Greece from ca.750 B.C. through the age of Philip of Macedon.  Special attention is paid to the emergence of the distinctively Greek form of political organization, the city state, and to democracy, imperialism, social practices, and cultural developments. Emphasis is placed on study of the ancient sources, methods of source analysis, and historical reasoning.
1318	CLA	327	S08-09	HA	Topics in Ancient History and Religion: Women in Ancient Rome	This course will examine the lives of women throughout the Roman Period from the foundation of the city to the fourth century A.D.  A variety of sources will be used including literary and historical texts, art, and material culture, inscriptions on stone and legal sources.  Particular emphasis will be laid on the biographies of individual women within their own particular cultural and political contexts.
1319	CLA	335	S08-09	LA	Studies in the Classical Tradition: Classical Antiquity and Modern Greek Poetry	In this course we will ask about the challenges a poet faces in dealing with a classical tradition. How does an understanding of modernity integrate a classical past and what are the particular ways in which poetry addresses that question? The question extends beyond Greece, but Greece is a particularly good example of seeing an ancient world and its history and themes collide and converse with a distinctly modern real and literary landscape. The examples chosen for close reading come mainly from the writings of the Greek-Alexandrian poet Constantine Cavafy (1863-1933), and the Nobel winning modernist poet-diplomat George Seferis (1900-1971).
1320	CLA	345	S08-09	HA	Ancient Greco-Roman Medicine	This course is for undergraduates from all backgrounds with an interest in ancient Greco-Roman medicine and the historical roots of contemporary biomedicine. We will examine how a medical tradition forms around the body as an object of knowledge and therapy, paying close attention to socio-historical context. We also explore issues that remain relevant to medicine, such as the construction of scientific authority, pain and knowledge, error and chance in medicine, narrative and disease, the "naturalization" of cultural categories, the privileging of anatomy, and body-mind interaction. Reading from primary and secondary sources in translation.
1321	CLA	505	S08-09		Greek Lyric Poetry	A synopsis of Greek hymns from the 'Homeric' period to the Hellenistic age.
1322	CLA	521	S08-09		Problems in Greek History: Greek Epigraphy	Greek inscriptions provide especially valuable information on the political life, institutions and social structures of Greek society.  The aim of the course is to give an introduction to the discipline of Greek Epigraphy and to the use of epigraphic documents in historical research.  We will begin with the "techincal" matters like letter forms, calendars, classification of documents (decrees, treaties).  Thereafter sessions will be devoted to the analysis of particular documents and their interpretation.
1323	CLA	529	S08-09		Topics in the Hellenic Tradition: The Case of Homeric Scholarship	The course seeks to use Homeric scholarship as a paradigm of the Hellenic tradition and the interlacing of classical scholarship with other discourses.  Topics will include the issue of continuity and comparison, the recurring topic of translation and translatability, Homeric archaeology and anthropology, the new Troy debate, etc.  A chance to read some of the staples of Homeric scholarship with a view to their situatedness within the changing logic and language of the discipline.  Since the evaluation of Greece as a normative culture of antiquity is at issue in much Homeric scholarship, Latinists are particularly encouraged to participate.
1324	CLA	534	S08-09		Roman Lyric and Elegiac Poetry: Catullus	Catullus
1325	CLA	539	S08-09		Latin Historiography: Tacitus	An introduction to the [Annals] of Tacitus, with some reference to the [Histories] and the [Agricola].
1326	CLA	548	S08-09		Problems in Ancient History: Ancient and Medieval Numismatics	A seminar covering the basic methodology of numismatics, including die, hoard and archaeological analysis. The Western coinage tradition will be covered, from its origins in the Greco-Persian world through classical and Hellenistic Greek coinage, Roman imperial and provincial issues, the coinages of Byzantium, the Islamic world and medieval and renaissance Europe. Students will research and report on problems involving coinages related to their own areas of specialization.  Open to undergraduates by permission of the instructor.
1327	CLA	599	S08-09		Dissertation Writers' Seminar	A practical and theoretical introduction to scholarly writing at the dissertation level and beyond.  This seminar is normally required of all post-generals students and will provide information and guidance on the proposal and dissertation writing process; the seminar will meet every two or three weeks throughout the year, providing a forum for dissertators to circulate work in progress for feedback, and to discuss issues that arise in their work.
1328	CLG	102	S08-09		Beginner's Greek: Attic Prose	Designed to enable the student to read classical Attic Greek with facility; at the end of the year a selection of short Attic prose will be read.  Equal emphasis on acquiring a vocabulary and an understanding of the structure of the language.
1329	CLG	103	S08-09		Ancient Greek: An Intensive Introduction	This is an intensive introduction to Greek grammar. It covers in one semester material usually done in the standard two-semester introductory sequence (CLG 101/102). Students who complete this course and then take CLG 105 in the fall will be able to complete the usual three semesters' sequence in two and can fulfill the language requirement by taking only one additional course, typically CLG 108.  This course aims at providing a reading knowledge of Classical Greek, quickly.
1330	CLG	108	S08-09		Homer	To learn to read Homer with pleasure.  Introduction to Homeric dialect, oral poetry, and meter; discussion of literary technique, historical background to the epics, and Homer's role in the development of Greek thought.
1331	CLG	214	S08-09	LA	Seminar: The Rhetoric of Praise	In this seminar-style course we will study some important examples of epideictic, or "display", oratory from the Greek world.  We will read selections from Gorgias' stunning ([Encomium of Helen]) and Isocrates' response in his own ([Helen]), Isocrates' reflections on the epideictic genre in his ([Busiris]), and some virtuosic examples from the Second Sophistic by Dio Chrysostom and Aelius Aristides.  We will also read, in translation, ancient critics (Aristotle, Menander Rhetor) on the genre of epideictic and some modern scholarship on ancient rhetorical performance.
1332	CLG	240	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Postclassical Greek from the Late Antique to the Byzantine Era	This course offers an introduction to the fascinating world of post-classical Greek literature.  Readings will cover both Christian and pagan literary traditions and will include a variety of texts, from the New Testament to the satirist Lucian.  The aim of the course is to improve students' language skills by introducing them to an array of religious, rhetorical and literary texts. The course will involve study of excerpts from post-classical Greek texts as well as some reading in English translation. It is open to all interested students with a working knowledge of Greek, classical or koine.
1333	CLG	310	S08-09	LA	Topics in Greek Literature: The Extremists in Greek Literature	Greek literature offers us a number of solitary figures whose passions and commitments isolate them from their communities and lead to tragic outcomes.  In this course, we will examine three such figures: Achilles, Antigone, and Socrates.  By studying these figures in three texts from different literary genres (epic, tragedy, philosophical dialogue) and time periods, we will have the opportunity to compare and contrast how Greek authors represented conflicts between individuals and communities, as well as the ethical values, passions, and philosophical ideals that could be seen to define the integrity of a human life in the Greek world.
1334	COM	204	S08-09	LA	Modern South Asian Literature	This year's Modern South Asian Literature seminar focuses on the topics of writing, secrets, and gender in 19th and 20th century fiction. We look at women's secret writings, representations of forbidden relationships, transgression, and intersections of the personal, the sexual, and the political. Writers from British India, the present-day states of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, as well as from the South Asian diaspora. All works studied in English translation or English original. There will be some discussion of translation in class, as well as selected readings of literary criticism and history.
1335	COM	206	S08-09	LA	Masterworks of European Literature	In this course we will examine the major forms and themes of Western Literature since the Renaissance: the drama, essay, lyric and novel.  We shall read major works by British, Spanish, French, German, Russian, Italian, and American authors, considering the unique contributions of specific nations and languages and the transformations of themes and genres over a span of five hundred years.
1336	COM	210	S08-09		Language and Literature: Problems and Possibilities	Although literature is composed in and of language, the relationship between language and literature is far from straightforward. Literature not only utilizes language but represents and reworks it in the process. This course examines this tricky relationship through a number of critical lenses including bilingualism, translation, heteroglossia, and power relations. What happens when multilingual authors create literature?  What is the relationship of language and literature in translated texts?  Particular attention will be devoted to the dynamics of language and literature in postcolonial and minority writing.
1337	COM	236	S08-09	LA	Rituals, Songs, and Stories: Balkan and East European Oral Traditions	This course explores oral traditions and oral literary genres (in English translation) of the Balkan and East European world, both past and present. Topics include traditional rituals (life-cycle and seasonal) and the music and song associated with them, contemporary forms of traditional and popular culture, and oral traditional narrative: prose (folktale and legend) and poetry (epic and ballad). Discussion and analysis will focus on the roles and meanings of Balkan and East European oral traditions as forms of expressive culture.
1338	COM	300	S08-09	LA	Junior Seminar: Introduction to Comparative Literature	This course serves as an introduction to Comparative Literature for concentrators in the department. Course work focuses on four general areas: the idea of "world literature," the potential and the problems involved in comparing texts, literary and otherwise, the relation between word and image, and the (im)possibility of translation. Some attention will be devoted to the preparation of independent work for the major. We will read literature both canonical and non-canonical, Western and "non-Western," we will consider literature in the context of other types of artistic endeavor, and we will do some translation.
1339	COM	303	S08-09	LA	Comparative History of Literary Theory	A historical introduction to literary theory in the Western tradition from Plato to the present. In our readings of philosophers, critics and creative writers, we will consider issues such as mimesis, imagination, religious belief, sexuality and ethics. Past terms and current problems are related to an inquiry into the nature-and the power-of literature through the centuries. Critical works from Plato and Aristotle, through Nietzsche, Beauvoir, Benjamin, Derrida and Achebe will be read. Also poetry and plays by Sophocles, Shakespeare, Eliot and Brecht.
1340	COM	374	S08-09		Masterworks for the Zen Flute: Music for Shakuhachi	The shakuhachi is an end-blown bamboo flute of ancient origin along the Silk Road.  It thrives in contemporary Japan, most prominently in the Honkyoku repertory of the 16th or 17th century.  This repertory is associated with Zen mendicants and some view it as a form of Zen meditation in itself.  Shakuhachi Master, Riley Lee, will join Tom Hare in the spring of 2009 to teach this class in the "Zen" repertory.  Students will take shakuhachi lessons with Lee while they study the history and culture of the instrument with Lee and Hare.
1341	COM	380	S08-09		Social and Political Themes in the Arabic Novel	This course examines how Arab writers have used the craft of fiction to address major social and political issues such as displacement, labor migration, war, social repression, and dictatorship.  The course covers novels from Egypt, the Sudan, Lebanon, Palestine, Algeria, and Iraq. Topics covered include the Lebanese Civil War, the Palestinian struggle, Islamic fundamentalism, and Iraq under the Baathist regime.  The course will also look more broadly at experiences of exile and migration and the postcolonial world as reflected in modern Arabic writing. All readings are in English translation.
1342	COM	383	S08-09	LA	The Prisons in Literature and the Visual Arts	This course will explore the idea of the prison in literature, critical thought, and the visual arts. Aside from analyzing the prison as a literary trope, the course will approach the prison as an essential site for thinking about the connections between modern ideas of law and freedom, as well as the role played by architectural and optical systems. We will work with visual materials that problematize the prison in different ways (Piranesi, Casebere, Babenco, Hirschbiegel) and with authors from different cultural traditions (Genet, Sartre, Foucault, Kafka, Ballestrini, Gramsci, Borges, Revueltas, Partnoy).
1343	COM	384	S08-09		Story-telling in Pictures and Words from Trajan's Column to Felix the Cat	When we think of narrative, we tend to think of words--like "Once upon a time" or "They lived happily ever after."  But throughout history stories have been told in pictures as well.  This seminar will consider the relations between verbal narrative and pictorial narrative.  It will be organized around a series of case studies, including historians, mythographers, novelists, and poets from antiquity to the 18th century, each of them alongside pictures telling the same stories.  At the end we will turn our attention to some very modern instances of pictorial narrative, including comic strips and graphic novels.
1344	COM	385	S08-09	LA	Masterpieces of African Literature	Who can compete with Shakespeare, Wordsworth, and Joyce? Are there great books of African literature? Indeed, Nigerian literature is one of the great literatures of the 20th century. Ethiopian literature is one of the oldest. South Africans have won more Nobel Prizes for literature in the past forty years than authors from any other country. African books have long participated in a global traffic in invention. This course is not an introduction to African cultures; it is focused on close readings of eight brilliant and difficult texts, including the medieval Kebra Nagast, The Palm-Wine Drinkard, Houseboy, Foe, and Sozaboy.
1345	COM	404	S08-09	LA	Literature Across Languages: The East European Novel of the 20th Century	Long traded off among European empires, Eastern European peoples are again independent.  But surviving the 20th century had literally become an art.  After a geopolitical introduction to the region, we will read in English translation modern proseworks from the Polish, Czech, and South Slavic (Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian) traditions, including novels cast as national epic during times of total war (Andrzejewski, Kosinski, Andric), as fantasy or science fiction (Capek, Lem, Gombrowicz), and as the tragicomedy of everyday life (Kundera, Ugresic).  Five films built off these novels will be screened in connection with the novels.
1346	COM	535	S08-09		Contemporary Critical Theories: Marxist Theory	Focus on writings by Karl Marx with emphasis on the value form, commodity form, labor power, class formation, and international aspects of Marxism. We will also consider issues of translation. Selected readings in the Marxist tradition may be included, for example: Engels, Lenin, Luxemburg, Hilferding, Gramsci, Adorno, Benjamin, C.L.R. James, Althusser, Castoriadis, Lyotard, Stuart Hall, Michele Barrett, Derrida, Spivak. All readings will be in English translation, and some knowledge of German is useful but not essential.
1347	COM	552	S08-09		Bodily Fear and Fantastic Fiction	Course deals with the body's fearful consciousness of change in relation to organic and inorganic beings: novels and stories which exhibit fearful fascination with animals, ghosts, fairies, demons, angels and goblins and in which "character" is questionable as beasts, things and spirits become quasi-humanoid.  Readings center in the 19th century, but course starts with Aesopic fables and The Golden Ass and move through Goethe, Hoffman and Shelley to such authors as Balzac, Dickens, Poe, Hawthorne, Flaubert, Trollope, Wilde and Márquez.  A special session will be devoted to children's literature.
1348	COM	564	S08-09		Questions of Identity	Modern narrative (eighteenth to twentieth century), both fictional and non-fictional, is centrally concerned with character-though what is meant by that is not easily defined, and has not proved susceptible to a purely formalist or "narratological" approach.  One important way in which issues of character emerge in modern narratives, thematically and formally, is in the matter of identity, personal, social, and psychological.  The seminar will focus on this emergent identity paradigm through readings in the novel and related material, including case histories and legal opinions.  Students will present class reports and write a term paper.
1349	COM	581	S08-09		Topics in Non-Western and General Literature: Buddhist Aesthetics	Readings in Medieval Chinese and Japanese regarding the development of aesthetics in Buddhist thought.  One three-hour seminar per week.
1350	COS	126	S08-09	QR	General Computer Science	An introduction to computer science in the context of scientific, engineering, and commercial applications. The goal of the course is to teach basic principles and practical issues, while at the same time preparing students to use computers effectively for applications in computer science, physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, and other disciplines. Topics include: hardware and software systems; programming in Java; algorithms and data structures; fundamental principles of computation; and scientific computing, including simulation, optimization, and data analysis. Two lectures, two precepts.
1351	COS	217	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Programming Systems	Introduction to programming systems, including modular programming, advanced program design, programming style, test, debugging and performance tuning; machine languages and assembly language; and use of system call services.
1352	COS	226	S08-09	QR	Algorithms and Data Structures	This course surveys the most important algorithms and data structures in use on computers today. Particular emphasis is given to algorithms for sorting, searching, and string processing. Fundamental algorithms in a number of other areas are covered as well, including geometric algorithms, graph algorithms, and some numerical algorithms. The course will concentrate on developing implementations, understanding their performance characteristics, and estimating their potential effectiveness in applications.
1353	COS	320	S08-09		Compiling Techniques	Understand the design and construction of compilers. Concepts include syntax analysis, semantics, code generation, optimization and run-time systems.  Translation of imperative languages (such as C), functional languages (such as ML), and object-oriented languages (such as Java) will be studied.  Students will implement a complete compiler for a small language.
1354	COS	325	S08-09	LA	Transforming Reality by Computer	Capturing and transforming sound by computer for artistic purposes. Emphasis is on the student's own creative use of aural material from real world, on providing a basic foundation in the signal processing theory and technique most useful for computer music, and on the interaction between the artistic and scientific aspects of the endeavor.
1355	COS	333	S08-09		Advanced Programming Techniques	This is a course about the practice of programming.  Programming is more than just writing code.  Programmers must also assess tradeoffs, choose among design alternatives, debug and test, improve performance, and maintain software written by themselves & others. At the same time, they must be concerned with compatibility, robustness, and reliability, while meeting specifications.  Students will have the opportunity to develop these skills by working on their own code and in group projects.
1356	COS	398	S08-09		Junior Independent Work (B.S.E. candidates only)	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in computer science. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty advisor.
1357	COS	423	S08-09		Theory of Algorithms	Design and analysis of efficient data structures and algorithms. General techniques for building and analyzing algorithms. Introduction to NP-completeness.
1358	COS	426	S08-09		Computer Graphics	Introduction to computer graphics.  Topics include image synthesis, 3D modeling, image processing and animation.  Encourage hands-on experience.
1359	COS	435	S08-09		Information Retrieval, Discovery, and Delivery	This course examines the methods used to search for information in large digital collections (e.g. Google) and how digital content is gathered by search engines.  We study classic techniques of indexing documents and searching text and also new algorithms that exploit properties of the Web (e.g. links) and other digital collections, including multimedia collections.  Techniques include those for relevance and ranking of documents, exploiting user history, and information clustering.  We also examine systems aspects of search technology: how distributed computing and storage are used to make information delivery efficient.
1360	COS	444	S08-09	SA	Internet Auctions: Theory and Practice	The goal of this course is to connect theory to real-world electronic auctions.  Basic results will be derived and tested,  in class and by observing Internet auctions.   Topics include: Vickrey auctions, revenue equivence, optimal auctions, multiple-unit auctions, mechanism design, current Internet auctions, modeling auction behavior and agent-based simulation of single and double-sided markets.
1361	COS	461	S08-09		Computer Networks	This course studies computer networks and the services built on top of them.  Topics include packet-switch and multi-access networks, routing and flow control, congestion control and quality-of-service, Internet protocols (IP, TCP, BGP), the client-server model and RPC, elements of distributed systems (naming, security, caching) and the design of network services (multimedia, file and web servers).
1362	COS	498	S08-09		Senior Independent Work (B.S.E. candidates only)	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in computer science. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty advisor.
1363	COS	513	S08-09		Foundations of Probabilistic Modeling	Probabilistic modeling is a mainstay in machine learning research, providing essential tools for analyzing the vast amount of data that have become available in modern scientific research. Course studies probabilistic graphical models, a unifying formalism for describing and extending many previous methods from statistics and engineering; the mathematical foundations of this field; and the methods underlying thecurrent state of the art. Prerequisites COS402 or COS424.  Undergraduates by permission only.
1364	COS	522	S08-09		Computational Complexity	Introduction to research in computational complexity theory. Computational models: nondeterministic, alternating, and probabilistic machines. Boolean circuits. Complexity classes associated with these models: NP, Polynomial hierarchy, BPP, P/poly, etc. Complete problems. Interactive proof systems and probabilistically checkable proofs: IP=PSPACE and NP=PCP (log n, l). Definitions of randomness. Pseudorandomness and derandomizations. Lower bounds for concrete models such as algebraic decision trees, bounded-depth circuits, and monotone circuits.
1365	COS	557	S08-09		Analysis & Visualization of Large-Scale Genomic Data Sets	Introduces students to computational issues involved in analysis and display of large-scale biological data sets.  Algorithms covered will include clustering and machine learning techniques for gene expression and proteomics data analysis, biological networks, joint learning from multiple data sources, and visualization issues for large-scale biological data sets.  No prior knowledge of biology or bioinformatics is required; an introduction to bioinformatics and the nature of biological data will be provided.  In depth knowledge of computer science is not required, but students should have some understanding of programming and computation.
1366	COS	598A	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Natural Algorithms	What do migrating geese, flocking cranes, bait balls of fish, prey-predator systems, and synchronously flashing fireflies have in common? All of them are instances of "natural algorithms," ie, algorithms designed by evolution over millions of years. By and large, their study has been the purview of dynamical systems theory within the fields of zoology, ecology, evolutionary biology, etc. The goal of this seminar is to show that tools from theoretical computer science might be of benefit to the study of natural algorithms.
1367	COS	598B	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Computer Vision on the Web	The Web has been increasing in our daily life as a place for storing, seeking and exchanging information, for socializing and expression, and ultimately as an integral part of modern life. Technologies are changing the landscape of the internet in crucial and even unpredictable ways. We examine past, present and future technologies in computer vision relevant to the web. Sample topics: face recognition (e.g. Picassa), image search (e.g. Google, MSN, Yahoo!), video understanding (e.g. video advertisement), photo tourism (e.g. geo-tagging). The class will read technical papers.  Students taking the class for credit must do a project.
1368	COS	598C	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Systems Support for Developing Regions	With large upcoming deployments in low-cost laptops and other infrastructure suitable for the developing world, researchers have new opportunities for researching how to improve computer systems for these parts of the world.  This seminar will examine recent work in this area, and will include a student-proposed project component spanning, but not limited to, power, wireless, server development, and laptop usage.
1369	COS	598D	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Boosting: Foundations and Algorithms	We will read a draft of a forthcoming book on the boosting approach to machine learning.  Possible topics include: analysis of training and generalization error, relation to game theory, boosting as loss minimization, relation to convex optimization, optimal boosting, consistency of boosting, confidence-rated boosting, multiclass and ranking extensions.
1370	CWR	202	S08-09	LA	Creative Writing (Poetry)	Practice in the original composition of poetry supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.   Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1371	CWR	204	S08-09	LA	Creative Writing (Fiction)	The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers a perspective on the place of literature among the liberal arts.  Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1372	CWR	206	S08-09	LA	Creative Writing (Translation)	Practice in the translation of literary works from another language into English supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.  Criticism by professionals and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1373	CWR	302	S08-09	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Poetry)	Advanced practice in the original composition of poetry for discussion in regularly scheduled workshop meetings.  The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers perspective on the places of literature among the liberal arts.
1374	CWR	304	S08-09	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Fiction)	Advanced practice in the original composition of fiction for discussion in regularly scheduled workshop meetings.   The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers perspective on the place of literature among the liberal arts.  Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1375	CWR	306	S08-09	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Translation)	Practice in the translation of literary works from another language into English supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.  Criticism by professionals and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1376	DAN	209	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Movement and Dance	A mix of movement techniques, improvisation, and composition.  Students with no previous dance training will learn how to recognize their own movement potential and how to build their own dances.  The essential principles and evolution of 20th-century modern and post-modern dance will be studied through readings and viewings of live and videotaped dance performances.
1377	DAN	211	S08-09	LA	The American Dance Experience and Africanist Dance Practices	A studio course introducing students to American dance aesthetics and practices, with a focus on how its evolution has been influenced by African American choreographers and dancers. An ongoing study of movement practices from traditional African dances and those of the African diaspora, touching on American jazz dance, modern dance, and American ballet.  Studio work will be complemented by readings, video viewings, guest speakers, and dance studies.
1378	DAN	220	S08-09	LA	Modern Dance: Beginning/Intermediate Technique and Choreography	The practice of primarily modern dance and some ballet techniques designed to further expand movement vocabulary and expressive range.  Students will be introduced to the influence of Modernism on choreographic practices through structured improvisations, choreographic studies, viewing videotapes and readings.  Two two-hour classes in technique, one two-hour class in choreography.
1379	DAN	309	S08-09	LA	Modern Dance: Intermediate Technique and Choreography	To understand and experience contemporary dance through technique, choreography and reading.  In technique, students will be challenged to expand movement range and increase technical mastery as related to modern and contemporary dance practices.  In choreography, students will be encouraged to create dances that articulate their independent vision in solo and group works.  Readings about and viewing of live and videotaped dance from mid-20th century dance will supplement studio work and expand knowledge of historical and contemporary trends in the arts.
1380	DAN	321	S08-09	LA	Special Topics in Dance History, Criticism, and Aesthetics: Bodies in Cultural Landscapes	This seminar explores the history of Western fascination with non-white bodies in motion, from representations recorded in early ethnographic films to contemporary versions of the dancing body in Hollywood films, dance videos, and urban dance documentaries.   The first unit, Body as Culture, focuses on representations of otherness in early ethnographic films. The second, Body as Commerce, focuses on Hollywood's Good Neighbor Policy featuring Brazilian performer Carmen Miranda, and lastly, Body as Art, explores current trends in contemporary dance and the identity politics generated by the multicultural movement.
1381	DAN	409	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Dance: Advanced Technique and Choreography	Advanced dance technique and choreography, with an emphasis on contemporary practices.  In technique, students will be challenged to expand their movement range and increase their technical mastery in ways required by today's dance world.  In Choreography, students will explore the new territory pioneered by leading choreographers.  Selected readings and viewing of live and videotaped dance from the late 20th Century will supplement studio work and expand knowledge of contemporary trends in the arts.
1382	EAS	222	S08-09	LA	Modern Korean Fiction	This is a survey of modern Korean fiction from the last decades of the 19th century to the present. Given the myriad transformations and conflicts of this period, the scope of readings will be wide, encompassing primary and critical texts, as well as writing from South and North Korea, Japan, and the United States. Closest attention will be paid to the literary works themselves. Thematic concerns will encompass modernity, colonialism, ideological division, democratization, gender, and diaspora. All texts in English.
1383	EAS	225	S08-09	SA	Japanese Society and Culture	In the wake of near-total destruction after World War II, Japan became the world's second largest economy (after the U. S.).  A highly educated and wealthy society, Japan was also a society which imposed rigid social constraints on its citizens.  Younger Japanese now wrestle with the demands of mass productivity, gender segregation, and standardized education.  The course explores the trade-offs of this society through issues such as: marriage, family, and divorce; peer groups, sports, and education; popular culture such as theater, comics (manga), and pachinko; the management of disability; and labor and employment.
1384	EAS	232	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Chinese Literature	Survey of classical Chinese literature.  All readings are in English.  Topics include: nature of the Chinese language; the beginnings of poetry; development of narrative and historical writing; classical Chinese poetics; nature poetry; literature of protest, dissent, and political satire; love poetry; religious and philosophical ideas in Chinese literature.
1385	EAS	240	S08-09	HA	The Perception of China and Asia in the West	This course has three goals: 1) to present some of the major themes in the Western perception of China since 1250, "from Marco Polo to Chairman Mao", 2) to introduce the student to the nature of history and historical writing, 3) to challenge the student to do some critical historiographical analysis of his/her own.  Readings will focus on primary sources in translation and relevant secondary studies.
1386	EAS	320	S08-09	HA	Early Japanese History	The World of the Tale of Heike. Using the translation of the Heike Monogatari (Tales of the Heike) as a central text, will explore the transition from court to warrior dominated society in Japan between the 12th and 15th centuries.  Themes of war, love, heroism, betrayal, religion and values, politics, society and economy. Immersion in early Japanese culture.
1387	EAS	327	S08-09	LA	Religion, Poetry, and Memory in Ancient China	The seminar explores the interplay of religious and aesthetic -- especially poetic -- practice in ancient China, and how the performance of texts in religious contexts contributed to the formation of Chinese cultural memory and identity. Combining anthropological, art historical, and literary analysis, the discussion centers on the performative nature and functions of texts and artifacts (including texts as material artifacts) in their social and religious spaces.  Emphasis on close analysis of original texts (in English translation) and visuals, including works in the Princeton Art Museum.
1388	EAS	328	S08-09	LA	Global Spectacle and East Asian Cinema	This course takes a historically and formally rigorous approach to East Asian films that have breached the global visual field.  We look at films from a variety of genres and historical moments, ranging from Akira Kurosawa's 1950 Rashomon to Bong Joon-ho's 2007 The Host, and investigate the conditions for their success -- critical, commercial, or otherwise.  Along the way, we will consider problems of nationalism, race, and globalization, and at the same time think seriously about the function of cinema in society, politics, and culture.
1389	EAS	333	S08-09	LA	The Chinese Novel	Close reading and analysis of the six "classic novels" of premodern China.  Discussion will focus on problems of narrative structure, traditional and modern interpretive schemes, and comparative consideration of the "novel" form as a literary genre. Students of comparative literature and other literature departments with no EAS background welcome.
1390	EAS	437	S08-09	SA	What is a Good Society? Modern Social Ideals in Japan	Japan, along with other East and Southeast Asian nations, has reined in market forces and produced wealth by relying on the care of families, communities, and an emphasis on shared morality and values--while de-emphasizing individual rights and the tolerance of difference. The outcome is a cohesive and caring society, but one that has come with social costs. The course discusses these trade-offs in the context of contemporary social issues: the family and private life, efforts to improve society through education, socialization, prenatal care, and eugenics, and Japanese approaches to medicine and bio-ethical issues.
1391	EAS	447	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Japanese Linguistics	This course teaches interconnections between Japanese language and culture.  The course involves structural analysis of the key grammatical  concepts and their relevance to cultural notions of uchi (inside) and soto (outside).
1392	EAS	514	S08-09		Special Topics in Chinese History	Introduction to major classical sources for Chinese cultural history since 1000.  Focus on weekly readings in classical materials accompanied by eleven (11) required library-based research exercises.   The focus of this semester is on Classical Historiography and Readings, 1000-1900.  Students focusing on Sino-Japanese studies are also welcome.
1393	EAS	523	S08-09		Research in Japanese History	Students in this seminar will produce a significant research paper on any period of Japanese history.  In addition, some time will be devoted to close, guided readings of selected Tokugawa and Meiji texts.
1394	EAS	531	S08-09		Chinese Poetry	Through close readings of original sources, we analyze the Classic of Poetry (Shijing) in its aesthetic, historical, and hermeneutic dimensions from pre-imperial manuscripts through 20th century commentaries.  In addition to reading the actual poetry, we discuss its nature as the master text of early Chinese cultural memory and identity and trace its subsequent significance and interpretations, drawing on classical and modern Chinese, Japanese, and European sources.
1395	EAS	533	S08-09		Readings in Chinese Literature	Genre and Tradition in Early Medieval China: An analysis of  the formation and canonization of the Chinese literary tradition from the perspective of the origin and development of genre classification. In addition to the major works of genre taxonomies (Wenxuan, Wenxin diaolong, lost anthologies, library catalogues), readings include early medieval essays, letters, poems, prefaces, etc. that implicitly or explicitly reveal the distinction of genres in the practice of literary writing, criticism, and history. Functional knowledge of classical and modern Chinese is required.
1396	EAS	541	S08-09		Classical Japanese Prose	Selected readings in Classical Japanese text.
1397	EAS	542	S08-09		Modern Japanese Prose	A study of selected major authors and literary trends in modern Japan, with an emphasis on the Meiji and Taisho periods.
1398	EAS	543	S08-09		Classical Japanese Poetics	Selected texts of the Japanese poetic tradition to be examined in the light of modern critical perspectives and cross-cultural issues.
1399	EAS	545	S08-09		Readings in Kanbun	Selected readings in Chinese-style classical Japanese and its related forms from literary and historical texts of both China and Japan.  Prerequisite:  EAS 546 (Introduction to Kanbun) or Instructor's permission.
1400	EAS	546	S08-09		Introduction to Kanbun	Introduction to the basic of reading Chinese-style Classical Japanese and its related forms.  Texts:  Literary and historical texts from both China and Japan.
1401	EAS	564	S08-09		Readings in Japanese Academic Style II	This is the second half of the two-semester course which trains students in reading the particular style of Japanese academic writing.  The course does not train all "four skills" of reading, writing, speaking, and listening;  instead it is devoted entirely to rapidly develop the necessary reading skills in Japanese academic style.  The course is conducted in English.
1402	EAS	592	S08-09		The Politics of Deviancy, Punishment, and Social Order in East Asia	This is an interdisciplinary research seminar designed to contextualize recent intellectual contributions on law, social order, and deviancy in East Asia.  By drawing on political and social theories regarding marginalization, state rationality, and the public construction of justice, we will consider how the historical development of local prosecutorial and penal cultures reflects the spread of rationalized state institutions and of political and civil rights, even as these are shaped by local political demands.  We will also examine how changing debates about crime and deviancy reinforce or challenge patterns of power.
1403	ECO	100	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Microeconomics	This course presents fundamental analyses of the ways that households choose consumption and work, that incentives drive suppliers to utilize labor, technology and other inputs to produce goods and services and that a market economy harmonizes its sectors through the price system.  Against this backdrop, the roles played by public goods, environmental impacts, income distribution, monopoly power, taxes, welfare programs and entrepreneurship are considered.  The differing perspectives of market participants, public policy and academic economics are all exercised.
1404	ECO	101	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Macroeconomics	Analysis of the operation of the national economy, with emphasis on the causes and consequences of recessions and booms, inflation and unemployment--and possible policy responses to each. Attention is also paid to the banking and financial systems, the financial crisis, and international influences on the U.S. economy.
1405	ECO	202	S08-09	QR	Statistics and Data Analysis for Economics	An introduction to probability and statistical methods for empirical work in economics.  Probability, random variables, sampling, descriptive statistics, probability distributions, estimation and hypotheses testing, introduction to the regression model. Economic applications are emphasized.
1406	ECO	301	S08-09	SA	Macroeconomics	This course covers the theory of modern macroeconomics in detail. We will focus on the determination of macroeconomic variables -- such as output, employment, price, and the interest rate -- in the short, medium, and long run, and we will address a number of policy issues. We will discuss several examples of macroeconomic phenomena in the real world. A central theme will be to understand the powers and limitations of macroeconomic policy in stabilizing the business cycle and promoting growth.
1407	ECO	310	S08-09	SA	Microeconomic Theory: A Mathematical Approach	This course presents the economic theory of individual and firm behavior using mathematical tools including calculus.  The course will emphasize applications of microeconomic theory to consumer choices, output and production of firms, market interaction and equilibrium.
1408	ECO	311	S08-09	SA	Macroeconomics: A Mathematical Approach	This course examines the determinants of long-run economic growth, short-run business cycle fluctuations, and the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy. The first part of the course develops a framework for the analysis of households' consumption and savings behavior and firms' production decisions, and uses that to analyze long-run growth in closed and open economies. The second part of the course extends that analysis to examine business cycle fluctuations, including inflation and unemployment. Current issues in macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy are discussed throughout.
1409	ECO	313	S08-09	QR	Econometric Applications	This course provides hands-on experience in the art and science of econometric analysis designed to help students to acquire and master the skills necessary to carry out their own empirical research in economics.  Various aspects of empirical research in economics will be covered including 1) development of testable economic models, 2) appropriate use of data, 3) specification and estimation of econometric models.  A range of applications will be presented and discussed in class and on problem sets.
1410	ECO	341	S08-09	SA	Public Finance	The main goal is to learn to think analytically about government policy problems.
1411	ECO	352	S08-09	SA	International Trade	This course analyzes the causes and consequences of international trade and investment.  We investigate why nations trade, what they trade, and who gains from this trade.  We then analyze the motives for countries or organizations to restrict or regulate international trade and study the effects of such policies on economic welfare.  Topics covered will include the effects of trade on economic growth and wage inequality, multinationals and foreign direct investment, international trade agreements and current trade policy disputes.
1412	ECO	363	S08-09	SA	Corporate Finance and Financial Institutions	This course investigates the financing decisions of companies and financial institutions in the wider context of the workings of financial markets.  Topics include capital budgeting, capital structure choice, risk management, liquidity, corporate governance, and the interactions between corporate finance and the workings of financial institutions and markets.
1413	ECO	370	S08-09	HA	American Economic History	Modern economic theory is used to analyze growth and fluctuations in U.S. output from colonial times to the present. The course examines the role of labor markets, property rights in land and labor, financial institutions, transportation, innovation and other factors in economic growth. Before examining twentieth century fluctuations, a week is spent on business cycle theory. Then particular emphasis is placed on The Great Depression.
1414	ECO	371	S08-09	SA	Topics in Country and Regional Economics: Economics of Russia and Eurasia	The rise and fall of centrally planned economies was one of the most important events of the 20th century.  At its greatest extent the former Soviet Union encompassed a geographical area that covered one-sixth of the Earth's landmass. It spanned 11 time zones and contained over 100 distinct nationalities. In this course we will examine the origins of Communism, different forms of central planning as implemented in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the challenges of transition from plan to market, and current economic policies in the region.
1415	ECO	385	S08-09	EM	Ethics and Economics	Introduction to ethical issues in market exchange, and in laws that regulate it. How ethical commitments evolve, and influence cooperation. The moral dimension of low wages, price discrimination, distribution of resources, trade in inalienable property, and the separation of choice and consequence. As time permits, the influence of economic ideas on moral reasoning.
1416	ECO	386	S08-09	HA	History of Economic Thought	A survey of the history of economics, with an emphasis on the origins, nature, and course of leading economic ideas. This class aims to situate economic ideas in their historical context, thus providing a deeper understanding of economic life and theories of it. We critically appraise economic texts from Aristotle to 20th century writers, not solely out of antiquarian interest, but also for their insights into commercial society's foundational issues: the role of the state in the economy, the nature of human action and of the social good, and the social effects of property rights, prices, trade and the other defining attributes of markets.
1417	ECO	448	S08-09	SA	Economics and Politics	Questions at the intersection of politics and economics will be analyzed using economic methods. Particular emphasis will be placed on mathematical and game theoretic methods. The class will cover economic models of political institutions, such as elections or political parties. Topics include lobbying and interest groups, political business cycles, economic reform and the size of government.
1418	ECO	462	S08-09	SA	Portfolio Theory and Asset Management	We will use class lectures, case studies, and additional last minute handouts from the financial press to illustrate the basic principles of risk management. We will discuss if, when, and how risk management contributes to firm value. We will analyze various measures of risk (e.g. VAR) and how financial and non-financial companies use these measures. Then, we will turn to methods of changing a firm's exposure to financial risk and will cover dynamic hedging, exchange rate risk, commodity price risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk. A section of the class will cover the recent financial crisis. We will rely heavily on case studies.
1419	ECO	464	S08-09	SA	Corporate Restructuring	This course applies topics from microeconomics (ECO 310) and corporate finance (ECO 363) to study corporate restructuring.  Topics include mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestiture and share repurchases.  Each of these is discussed in the context of the relevant economic theory, institutional and regulatory environment, and with a focus on shareholder value.
1420	ECO	465	S08-09	SA	Options, Futures and Financial Derivatives	The objective of this course is to study the essential techniques of pricing financial derivatives. These techniques include the Black-Scholes formula (awarded 1997 Nobel Prize in economics), binomial tree method and risk-neutral valuation method. We will also discuss extensively trading strategies, associated financial derivatives for different purposes, and potential problems that can arise in the application of financial derivatives. This course is technical by nature, and requires extensive use of calculus, statistics, and Excel spreadsheet programming.
1421	ECO	491	S08-09		Cases in Financial Risk Management	This course will teach students about financial risk management by examining the concept of risk and its mitigation, and how these ideas can be applied in the practice of risk management for financial and non-financial companies.  The basic toolkit draws on economics, probability theory and statistics, which are integrated with more advanced concepts drawn from portfolio choice, derivative securities, and dynamic hedging.  The overall aim of the course is to demonstrate how the main concepts have practical applications.
1422	ECO	492	S08-09	SA	The Rise of Asian Capital Markets	This course will explore the increasing weight of Asia in global equity financial markets and its implications.  It will frame the discussion in the macro-economic context of the globalization of financial markets and the evolution of the global monetary system, putting particular emphasis on concepts of economic development, market efficiency, and corporate governance.  Discussions combine analysis of historical trends and recent data and events with insights from practical experience in Asian equity markets.  It will also explicitly consider the policy decisions faced by the US and Chinese governments relative to existing global imbalances.
1423	ECO	502	S08-09		Microeconomic Theory II	This course is the second term of a 2 term sequence in Microeconomics.
1424	ECO	504	S08-09		Macroeconomic Theory II	This course is the second term of a two-term sequence in macroeconomics.  Topics include classical and Keynesian theories of cyclical fluctuations; the determination of employment and real wages; credit markets and financial stability; and stabilization policy.
1425	ECO	510	S08-09		Mechanism Design Theory	Mechanism design theory explains how institutions can be designed that will perform well in meeting social or private objectives anticipating how participants will take into account their private information and interests.  This course covers foundations and a variety of applications of mechanism design theory and is designed for Ph.D. students in Economics.  Others interested in taking the course should consult the instructors.
1426	ECO	512	S08-09		Advanced Economic Theory II	Topics vary from year to year. See 511.
1427	ECO	514	S08-09		Game Theory	This course will provide a broad treatment of game theory and its applications, particularly in economics.  Coverage will include such topics as: common knowledge and rationality, refinements of Nash equilibrium, auctions, bargaining, mechanism design, dynamic games, and reputation.  This follows up on the introduction to game theory provided in the microeconomic sequence.
1428	ECO	518	S08-09		Econometric Theory II	This course begins with extensions of the linear model in several directions: (1) pre-determined but not exogenous regressors; (2) heteroskedasticity and serial correlation; (3) classical GLS; (4) instrumental variables and generalized method of movements estimators. Applications include simultaneous equation models, VARS and panel data.  Estimation and inference in non-linear models are discussed. Applications include nonlinear least squares, discrete dependent variables (probit, logit, etc.), problems of censoring, truncation and sample selection, and models for duration data.
1429	ECO	519	S08-09		Advanced Econometrics: Nonlinear Models	This is half of the second-year sequence in econometrics methodology (Econ. 513 is the other).  The course covers nonlinear statistical models for the analysis of cross-sectional and panel data.  It is intended both for students specializing in econometric theory and for students interested in applying statistical methods to statistical data.  Approximately half of the course is devoted to development of the large-sample theory for nonlinear estimation procedures, while the other half concentrates on application of the methods to various econometric models.
1430	ECO	522	S08-09		Advanced Macroeconomic Theory II	Macro implications of micro imperfections.  The "cleansing" effect of recessions and the impact of allocative versus aggregate shocks.  Recent models of consumption and empirical tests of risk-sharing. How the distribution of income or wealth affects aggregate growth and fluctuations.  Role of imperfect credit markets, distributional conflict and political economy. Endogenous, skill-biased, technological change and human capital accumulation; implications for growth and social mobility.
1431	ECO	524	S08-09		Public Finance II	This course examines the economics of the public sector, with a focus on externalities, transfer programs, social insurance, and publicly provided goods.  Special attention is given to study of research designs and econometric methods used in applied analysis.
1432	ECO	526	S08-09		Financial Economics II	Review of probability and stochastic processes, stochastic integrals, reduction to martingale gains from trade, change of variable (Ito's lemma, local time, generalized Ito's formula, Girsanov's theorem), stochastic differential equations, the Black-Scholes model, the term-structure of interest rates, equilibrium assest pricing, an introduction to the optimal control of diffusions and some applications.
1433	ECO	532	S08-09		Topics in Labor Economics	The course surveys both the theoretical literature and the relevant empirical methods and results in selected current research topics in labor economics.
1434	ECO	552	S08-09		International Trade II	A continuation of ECO 551, with emphasis on current research issues. Topics vary from year to year.
1435	ECO	563	S08-09		Economic Development II	Selected topics in the economic analysis of development beyond those covered in 562.  Topics are selected from the theory and measurement of poverty and inequality; the relationship between growth and poverty; health and education in economic development; saving, growth, population, and development; commodity prices in economic development.
1436	ECO	572	S08-09		Research Methods in Demography	Source materials used in the study of population; standard procedures for the measurement of fertility, mortality, natural increase, migration, and nuptiality; and uses of model life tables and stable population analysis and other techniques of estimation when faced with inaccurate or incomplete data are studied.
1437	ECO	575	S08-09		Topics in Financial Economics	The course surveys both the theoretical and empirical methods and results in selected research topics in financial economics.  Topics vary from year to year reflecting current developments and the instructor's interests.
1438	ECO	581A	S08-09		Microeconomics Theory Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1439	ECO	581C	S08-09		Macroeconomics/International Finance Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1440	ECO	581D	S08-09		Labor Economics/Industrial Relations Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1441	ECO	581E	S08-09		Research Program in Development Studies	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1442	ECO	581F	S08-09		Trade Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1443	ECO	581G	S08-09		Econometric Research Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1444	ECO	581H	S08-09		Civitas Foundation Finance Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1445	ECO	581I	S08-09		O.P.R. Seminars	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1446	ECO	581J	S08-09		Behavioral Economics Workshop	Seminar led by different guest professors each week to discuss their current research in the field of Behavioral Economics
1447	ECO	581K	S08-09		Political Economy Workshop	Seminar led by different guest professors each week to discuss their current research in the field of Political Economy. Third and fourth year graduate students are expected to attend; first and second year graduate students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1448	ECS	330	S08-09	LA	Communication and the Arts: Media and Literature	This course examines the multiple connections of print journalism and the novel.  Our particular focus will be the relationship of 20th-century discussions of the responsibilities, political influence, and cultural impact of the media to the various images of the bumbling journalists, self-appointed reporters, and eventual bloggers in modern and (mostly) European literature.
1449	ECS	340	S08-09	LA	Literature and Photography	Since its advent in the nineteenth century, photography has been a privileged figure in literature's efforts to reflect upon its own modes of representation.  This seminar will trace the history of the rapport between literature and photography by looking closely at a number of literary and theoretical texts that differently address questions central to both literature and photography: questions about the nature of representation, reproduction, memory and forgetting, history, images, perception, and knowledge.
1450	EEB	301	S08-09	STX	Evolution and the Behavior of the Sexes	This course will use principles of evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology  to examine reproductive strategies and their effect on social systems. We will draw examples from group-living mammals, particularly nonhuman primates, and from human populations. Topics will include mate selection, parenting, ontogeny of sex differences, sexual diversity, social bonds and cooperation, and intersexual conflict and aggression.  An optional precept will be offered.
1451	EEB	314	S08-09		Comparative Physiology	This course explores the mechanisms of animal function in the contexts of evolution, ecology and behavior. We will cover the physiological bases of osmoregulation, circulation, gas exchange, digestion, energetics, motility, and neural and hormonal control of these and other processes in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, thereby revealing general principles of animal physiology as well as specific physiological adaptations to differing environments.
1452	EEB	328	S08-09		Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites and Infectious Diseases	An introduction to the biology of viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, arthropods, and plants that are parasitic upon other animal and plant species. The major emphasis will be on the parasites of animals and plants, with further study of the epidemiology of infectious diseases in human populations. Studies of AIDS, anthrax, and worms, and their role in human history will be complemented by ecological and evolutionary studies of mistletoe, measles, myxomatosis, and communities of parasitic helminths.
1453	EEB	332	S08-09	SA	Pre-Columbian Peoples of Tropical America and Their Environments	The pre-European history of Amerind cultures amd their associated environments in the New World tropics will be studied. Topics to be covered include the people of tropical America; development of hunting/gathering and agricultural economies; neotropical climate and vegetation history; and the art, symbolism, and social organization of native Americans. Field and laboratory experiences will incorporate methods and problems in field archaeology, paleoenthnobotany and paleoecology, and archaeozoology.
1454	EEB	338	S08-09	ST	Tropical Biology	"Tropical Biology" is an intensive, three-week field course given at four sites in Panama, examining the origins, maintenance and major interactions among terrestrial plants and animals. The course provides the opportunity to appreciate (1) floral and faunal turnover among four rainforest sites (beta-diversity); and (2) floral and faunal turnover along vertical gradients, from ground to upper canopy, at two rainforest sites (vertical stratification). Students carry out group and individual projects at the sites. Fieldwork is supported by six orientation walks that introduce participants to common orders and families of plants and arthropods.
1455	EEB	346	S08-09	ST	Biology of Coral Reefs	This field and lecture course provides an in-depth introduction to the biology of tropical coral reefs, with an emphasis on reef fish ecology and behavior. Each day begins with a lecture, followed by six to eight hours on the water, and ends with data analysis, reading and a discussion of recent papers. Students learn to identify fishes, corals and invertebrates, and learn a variety of field methods including underwater censusing, mapping, videotaping and the recording of inter-individual interactions. Each year group projects will vary depending on previous findings and the interests of the faculty.
1456	EEB	350	S08-09		Vertebrate Tropical Ecology	This field course will address the life history characteristics of tropical vertebrates and the physiological traits that underlie those. Students will learn how tropical life histories differ from those in the temperate zone and will use eco-physiological techniques while conducting experiments and observations at a Smithsonian Institute field station. In particular, students will trap wild vertebrates, conduct baseline behavioral and physiological measurements, attach radio transmitters to individuals and monitor them over time in the forest. Students will then analyze the data and write a scientific manuscript.
1457	EEB	380	S08-09	ST	Ecology and Conservation of African Landscapes	Only six percent of Africa's land area (containing a fraction of its biodiversity) is protected, and these areas are rarely large enough to sustain 'charismatic megafauna'. Mostly, wildlife must share land with people also facing survival challenges. This course will explore how wildlife and people interact in the Ewaso Ecosystem in central Kenya where new approaches to conservation are being developed. Lectures will cover the ecology of tropical grasslands and first principles underlying the forces shaping biodiversity patterns. Field trips and projects will examine the dynamics between human actions and biodiversity patterns.
1458	EEB	404	S08-09	ST	Natural History of Mammals	Introduction to concepts, methods, and material of comparative natural history, with African mammals as focal organisms. Perspectives include morphology, identification, evolution, ecology, behavior and conservation. Observations and experiments on a variety of species in different habitats and at a range of scales will provide insights into the adaptive value and underlying mechanistic function of mammalian adaptations.  This course will be taught in Kenya at the Mpala Research Center and nearby field sites.
1459	EEB	414	S08-09		Genetics of Human Populations	This advanced seminar will survey the evolutionary history of modern humans and the genetic basis of variation in our species through reading and discussion of classic and contemporary primary literature.  Topics include the evolutionary origins of modern human populations, sigantures of natural selection in the human genome, and approaches for discovering genetic variants that affcet disease susceptibility and variation in normal traits.  Significant emphasis will be placed on very recent advances made possible by the human genome project.
1460	EEB	424	S08-09		Methods of Mathematical Ecology	Methods of mathematical ecology. Biological topics will include populations and community ecology, and epidemiology. Emphasis on development of facility with mathematical methods sufficient to read current literature, and to carry out independent research. Dynamical systems, reaction-diffusion equations, game theory, probability and statistics. Facility with calculus and matrix algebra will be essential, and course is aimed at students in biology, applied mathematics, the physical sciences and engineering wanting an introduction to quantitative ecology.
1461	EEB	521	S08-09		Tropical Ecology	This intensive three week field course takes place during January in a suitable tropical locality.  Readings, discussions, and individual projects. The content and location are varied to suit the needs of the participants.  Students provide their own travel funds.
1462	EEB	522	S08-09		Colloquium on the Biology of Populations	Discussion of the central problems of population biology and approaches that have proved fruitful.  Topics ranging throughout ecology, evolution, biogeography, and population genetics are usually related to presentations by visiting speakers and students.  (This is a core course.)
1463	EEB	532	S08-09		Topics in Animal Behavior: The Natural History of Food	Food ramifies into every aspect of what we and other animals are and what we do. This seminar-Open by application to graduates, juniors and seniors from any department-Will look at food from a diversity of perspectives: biological, ecological, gustatory, economic, agricultural, political, social, cultural, and demographic.  Throughout evolutionary history, food has been a major determinant of anatomy and physiology, of behavior and social processes.  Food is a regulator of population growth, a weapon of war, a central issue in human culture, and a major component in the economy of nations.
1464	EGR	193	S08-09	ST	An Integrated Introduction to Engineering, Mathematics, Physics	Taken concurrently with EGR/MAT/PHY 194. These two courses will address the material of PHY 104 and offer an introduction to the various disciplines of engineering. The physics part of the course covers the basic laws of electricity, magnetism, and optics, from Coulomb's law to Maxwell's equations and the prediction of electromagnetic waves. The course concludes with an introduction of quantum theory with a treatment of matter waves, quantization, and  the Schroedinger equation. Students who were enrolled in both EGR/MAT/PHY 191 and 192 concurrently in the fall semester will continue in the spring in both EGR/MAT/PHY 193 and 194.
1465	EGR	194	S08-09		An Introduction to Engineering	This course offers an introduction to the various disciplines of engineering. It is a  project-based sequence (Energy Conversion and the Environment, Robotic Remote Sensing, and Wireless Image & Video Transmission) that covers engineering disciplines and their relationship to the principles of physics and mathematics.  Students who were enrolled in both EGR/MAT/PHY 191 and 192 concurrently in the fall semester will continue in the spring in both EGR/MAT/PHY 193 and 194.
1466	EGR	250	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1467	EGR	251	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1468	EGR	350	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1469	EGR	351	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1470	EGR	450	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1471	EGR	451	S08-09		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1472	EGR	492	S08-09		Technical Innovation and Foreign Policy	This course analyzes how technical innovation in the private sector serves to create or resolve international disputes. Students learn to assess the impact of rapid, discontinuous technical innovation on foreign policy outcomes, and how to trace the underlying scientific source of these innovations. They learn how business managers and government regulators grapple with technical innovation. Students also become handy with basic decision-tree analysis. From a theoretical perspective, this course focuses on the interface between regulatory policy and markets, between the theory of public goods and the hard realities of private profit.
1473	ELE	102	S08-09	ST	New Eyes for the World: Hands-On Optical Engineering	This hands-on lab course introduces students to several modern topics of engineering optics. Teams of students will carry out four different projects: (i) holography, (ii) lasers (iii) free-space optical communication, and (iv) nanotechnology. The course teaches the foundations and broader societal issues of these technologies. The laboratory sessions involve hands-on instructional training, as well as individual experimentation and exploration. Skills acquired in this course include computer programming of user interfaces, data acquisition and interpretation, wet chemical processing, and electronics design assembly.
1474	ELE	206	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Logic Design	Introduction to basic concepts in logic design.  Digital logic gates, two and multi-level combinational logic.  Memory elements-latches, flip-flops, SRAM and DRAM cells.  Timing methodologies.  Synchronous and asynchronous designs.  Counters.  Finite state machines. Programmable logic.  Basic computer organization.
1475	ELE	208	S08-09	ST	Integrated Circuits: Practice and Principles	The course teaches operation principles and fabrication of microchips. The course has lab sessions, students will fabricate their own diodes, MOSFET's and integrated circuits in microfabrication lab, test the devices and integrated circuits that they have made. Course covers semiconductor properties, pn junctions, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET's), bipolar transistors, optoelectronic devices, digital gates and analog amplifiers, and micro/nanofabrication technologies for integrated circuits , photolithography, etching, evaporation, and other thin film processing.  No pre-knowledge on these topics are required.
1476	ELE	302	S08-09		System Design and Analysis	Comprehensive, laboratory-based course in electronic system design and analysis.  Covers formal methods for the design and analysis of moderately complex real-world electronic systems.  Course is centered around a semester-long design project involving a computer-controlled vehicle designed and constructed by teams of two students. Integrates microprocessors, communications, and control.
1477	ELE	342	S08-09		Physical Principles of Electronic Devices	This course is designed to provide an understanding of the basic principles that govern the operation of modern solid state and optoelectronic devices. The emphasis is on fundamentals rather than applications. The major portion of the course will be devoted to quantum mechanics and statistical physics with examples from solid state and materials physics and quantum electronics.  This provides the basic background needed to understand the physics of device operations and also prepares the student for more advanced courses in solid state and quantum electronics (such as ELE 441, 442 and 453).
1478	ELE	352	S08-09		Physical Optics	Fundamental and practical aspects of physical optics. Lenses and ray optics, wave propagation, Fourier optics and Gaussian beams are covered. Applications to imaging, holography, and fiber optics are considered.
1479	ELE	391	S08-09		The Wireless Revolution:  Telecommunications for the 21st Century	This is an interdisciplinary course addressing technological, regulatory, economic and social issues arising in the rapidly developing field of wireless communications and computing.  The course is intended to introduce students to a major technological trend that will be a significant force in worldwide commercial and social development throughout the 21st Century.
1480	ELE	396	S08-09		Introduction to Quantum Computing	This course will introduce the basic postulates of quantum mechanics and develop the concepts underlying the theory of quantum information. Some of the important algorithms will be discussed, as well as physical systems which have been suggested for quantum computing.
1481	ELE	398	S08-09		Junior Independent Work	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in electrical engineering. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty member.
1482	ELE	401	S08-09		Analog Electronics	Operational Amplifiers, Feedback and stability of amplifiers, amplifier chains oscillators; DC, AC, and high frequency models of transistors; differential amplifiers; noise and interference, computer aided modeling (circuit maker) and PC board layout.
1483	ELE	442	S08-09		Solid-State Physics II	Electronic structure of solids.  Electron dynamics and transport. Semiconductors and impurity states.  Surfaces. Dielectric properties of insulators.  Electron-electron, electron-phonon, and phonon-phonon interactions.  Anharmonic effects in crystals. Magnetism. Superconductivity.
1484	ELE	454	S08-09		Photonics and Light Wave Communications	Introduction to fiber optic communication systems.  Optical transmitters and receivers.  System design and performance.  Multi-channel lightwave systems.  Optical amplifiers.  Dispersion compensation.
1485	ELE	482	S08-09		Digital Signal Processing	The lectures will cover:  (1) Basic principles of digital signal processing.  (2) Design of digital filters.  (3) Fourier analysis and the fast Fourier transform.  (4) Roundoff errors in digital signal processing.  (5) Applications of digital signal processing.
1486	ELE	486	S08-09		Digital Communications and Networks	Historical overview of digital communications. Introductory information theory. Data compression. Error detection and correction code. Baseband transmission systems and optimum reception. Digital modulation and demodulation.
1487	ELE	491	S08-09		High-Tech Entrepreneurship	This "hands-on" practical course introduces students to the analysis and actions required to launch a successful high tech company.  Using several conceptual frameworks and analytical techniques, it addresses the challenges of evaluating technologies for commercial feasibility, determining how best to launch a new venture, attracting the resources needed to start a company (e.g. people, corporate partners, and venture capital), preparing comprehensive business plans, structuring business relationships, and managing early stage companies toward "launch velocity" and sustainable growth.
1488	ELE	498	S08-09		Senior Independent Work	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in electrical engineering. A student may propose a topic and find a faculty member willing to supervise the work.  Or the student may select a topic from lists of projects obtained from faculty and off-campus industrial researchers,subject to the consent of the faculty advisor.
1489	ELE	514	S08-09		Extramural Research Internship	Full-time research internship at a host institution, to perform scholarly research relevant to student's dissertation work.  Research objectives will be determined by advisor in conjunction with outside host.  A mid-semester progress review and a final paper are required.  Enrollment limited to post-generals students for up to two semesters.  Special rules apply to international students regarding CPT/OPT use. Students may register by application only.
1490	ELE	519	S08-09		Seminar in Information Sciences and Systems	This is a forum of graduate students, staff, and distinguished outside speakers presenting their recent research in signal processing, communication and information theory, decision and control, and systems theory.  Attendance by ISS students is required.
1491	ELE	530	S08-09		Theory of Detection and Estimation	The subject of signal detection and estimation is concerned with the processing of information-bearing signals for the purpose of making inferences about the information that they contain.  The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to the fundamental theoretical principles underlying the development and analysis of techniques for such processing.  The level of this course is suitable for research students in communications, control, signal processing, and related areas.
1492	ELE	539A	S08-09		Special Topics in Informations Sciences and Systems: Optimization of Communication Systems	Study how problems in point-to-point and networked communication systems can be formulated and solved as optimization, covering both classic results and current research.  Introduce the methodologies of linear program, convex optimization, Lagrange duality, and study their theoretical properties and computational algorithms.  Sample application topics: information-theoretic and queuing-theoretic problems, coding and equalization, antenna beamforming, network resource allocation and utility maximization, theory of network architecture, wireless network power control, Medium Access Control schemes, IP routing, TCP congestion control.
1493	ELE	539B	S08-09		Special Topics in Information Sciences and Systems: Modern Coding Theory	Error correcting codes based on sparse graphs and their associated iterative decoding algorithms have changed communications, most fundamentally by providing a practical means to closely approach Shannon capacity.  Unlike classical coding theory, modern coding theory makes very little use of abstract algebra in either design or analysis.  The analysis of iterative systems relies largely on methods from graph theory and probability.   We will focus no the fundamental ideas and tools used to study and design these systems while examining the various forms in which they appear.
1494	ELE	541	S08-09		Electronic Materials	Physics of solar cells and resulting material requirements.  Focus on highly efficient silicon solar cells.  Absorption of light, pn junction theory and carrier transport, theory of carrier generation and recombination in the bulk and at interfaces, contacts, components of cell efficiency.  Cell design, cell models and techniques for loss minimization.  Growth of silicon material, technology of cell and module fabrication.  Evaluation of cell and module performance.  Application of physical principles to concentrator and thin film solar cells.
1495	ELE	542	S08-09		Surface Properties of Electronically Active Solids	This course explores the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of surfaces; surface energy band structure, space charge region, impurity phenomena, and crystallography; and electron emission.  It examines experimental techniques for surface analysis; electron beam probe instrumentation, diffraction, spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy.  Interface phenomena and contact effects are studied.
1496	ELE	555	S08-09		Selected Topics in Optics and Optical Electronics	Various aspects of laser spectroscopic sensing. Topics include physical principles of atomic and molecular spectroscopy, fundamentals of high resolution lasers spectroscopy, spectroscopic measurement techniques and instrumentation, laser sources and practical applications of spectroscopic sensing. Example applications of laser spectroscopy to chemical analysis and trace gas detection in fundamental science, industrial and environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics will be discussed.
1497	ELE	571	S08-09		Digital Neurocomputing	The course will cover machine learning techniques & bioinformatics  applications. Machine learning techniques topics: a) adaptive techniques for feature selection & dimension reduction, b) unsupervised cluster discovery: K-means, SOFM, hierarchical clustering, c) supervised classifiers e.g. linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machines, & d) kernel-based clustering/classification techniques. Genomic applications, e.g. disease analysis & drug discovery: a) molecular biology overview, b) genomic sequence analysis & applications, c) DNA microarray data analysis & applications, & d) systems biology applications.
1498	ELE	577	S08-09		Low Power IC and System Design	Sources of power consumption; simulation power analysis, probabilistic power analysis; circuit and logic level power optimization; power analysis and optimization at the register-transfer, behavior and system levels; power management; software power estimation and optimization; hardware-software co-synthesis for low power.
1499	ELE	583	S08-09		Great Moments in Computing	This course will cover some pivotal developments in computing, including hardware, software, and theory.  Material will be covered by reading seminal papers, patents, and descriptions of highly-influential architectures.  Emphasis on deep understanding of the discoveries and inventions that brought computer systems to where they are today.  Discussion-oriented class will focus on in-depth analysis of readings.  Final project or paper required.  Graduate  students and advanced undergraduates from ELE, COS, and related fields welcome.
1500	ELE	591	S08-09		High Tech Entrepreneurship	This "hands-on" practical course introduces students to the analysis and actions required to launch a successful high tech company.  Using several conceptual frameworks and analytical techniques, it addresses the challenges of evaluating technologies for commercial feasibility, determining how best to launch a new venture, attracting the resources needed to start a company (e.g. people, corporate partners, and venture capital), preparing comprehensive business plans, structuring business relationships, and managing early stage companies toward "launch velocity" and sustainable growth.
1501	ELE	598	S08-09		Electrical Engineering Master's Project	Spring course number to be used by Master of Engineering students who will be doing a project in lieu of a course.
1502	ENG	200	S08-09	LA	Reading Literature:  Poetry	An introduction to the art, science and pleasure of poetry in English, with examples ranging from limericks to sestinas to free verse, from Shakespeare to Dr. Seuss, from the Middle Ages to last Tuesday.
1503	ENG	205	S08-09	LA	Introduction to English Literature: From the 14th to the 18th Century	An introduction to six titans of English Lit. (Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, and Swift), to literary history as a mode of inquiry, and to the analysis of the way literature makes meaning, produces emotional experience, and shapes the way human beings think about desire, commerce, liberty, God, power, the environment, subjectivity, empire, justice, death, and science.  We will study how a literary text emerges out of the author's reading of his predecessors and in relation to contemporary political, religious, social, and scientific discourses and events.
1504	ENG	217	S08-09	LA	Gore and Glory:  Early Heroic Literature	This course introduces major ancient and medieval heroic texts, texts which tell of the deeds of men larger than life: the actions of impinging gods, giants, and monsters; and the awe of mortals whose fortunes depend on how all of this heroically-proportioned rage plays out. Working chronologically, we will compare formal elements that heroic narratives share, building a repertoire of literary features like boasts, battles, and journeys. We will consider how culture and history shape textual specificity: oral vs. literate poetry, the evolving warrior ethic, the hero's relation to his people, and the bearing of women upon heroic forms.
1505	ENG	305	S08-09	LA	The Medieval Period	This course will explore the origins of drama in England; the differences between "high" and "low"; the relations between Middle English and other literatures; the development of an English vernacular; and the movement from "medieval" to "renaissance" in English literature.  Readings will include romances, secular and religious lyrics, dream visions, satires, and devotional texts, both orthodox and heretical, and the work of Chaucer's contemporaries William Langland, John Gower, and the "Gawain poet."
1506	ENG	311	S08-09	LA	Shakespeare II	We read a selection of Shakespeare's greatest plays, from early to late in his career, and in each genre: comedy, history, and tragedy.  We'll think about the plays as scripts for the stage (or even film) as well as texts for reading.  We'll consider such topics as the nature of Shakespearean subjectivity; erotic politics; time as destroyer and time as redeemer; Shakespearean poetics; Shakespeare in his time and in ours.
1507	ENG	315	S08-09	LA	Milton	We will explore John Milton's entire career both as writer and thinker; a lifelong effort to unite the aims of intellectual, political, and literary experimentation.  In doing so, Milton made himself the most influential non-dramatic poet in the English language.
1508	ENG	318	S08-09	LA	Topics in the Renaissance: Literature and the English Revolution	Between 1640 and 1660 English people fought a Civil War, executed their king, abolished their monarchy, founded a republic and engaged in an unprecedented set of political, religious, agrarian, sexual, dietary and linguistic experiments.  Literature played a big role in these upheavals, and was in turn transformed.  The theatres were closed but modern journalism, autobiography, and perhaps also the novel were invented; poetry was recast, and drama found new life as printed book.  This course explores this exciting world, considering several famous works against some lesser-known masterpieces.
1509	ENG	327	S08-09	LA	Topics in 18th-Century Literature: Jane Austen in Context	Jane Austen is the darling of popular audiences and high culturists alike. The inventor of the modern novel and a pivotal, inspirational figure in English literary history, she is venerated or despised with peculiar intensity--for being a brilliant stylist or a provincial bore, a benign aunt or a nasty spinster, an instrument of tedious and oppressive normality or of dazzling and expansive fabulousness.  We will test such views by studying all of Austen's novels, paying close attention to the context of 18th-century literature out of which she develops and contrasting her achievements to recent film adaptations.
1510	ENG	329	S08-09	LA	The Later Romantics	The flamboyant second generation of British Romantics:  Keats, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, Byron, Hemans, Austen.  Careful attention to texts--ranging from novels, to odes, to romances, and modern epics--in historical and cultural contexts, with primary focus on literary imagination.
1511	ENG	340	S08-09	LA	Making Musicals: Conceiving, Developing, and Producing New Musical Theater	This course offers an in-depth examination of what goes into creating, developing, and producing new musical theater works.  Three new musicals currently in development will serve as our primary texts.  We will observe readings and workshops of core materials and attend relevant productions.  Additionally, book writers, lyricists, composers, and directors will visit the class.
1512	ENG	341	S08-09	LA	20th-Century Fiction	The Modern movement and its aftermath in English fiction, from Conrad and Joyce to the present.
1513	ENG	351	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Fiction	An exploration of the connections and disconnects of our ever-smaller world, viewed through English-language novels and films of the last 25 years.  We'll examine the translatability of language and culture, the processes of immigration, the dynamics of technological development.  We'll scrutinize the roles of history and memory, and the constructions of heroism and celebrity, in societies of rapid change.  Throughout, we'll consider the intersections between state policy and individual lives, such that while the course is premised on grand geopolitical questions, our attention will focus on localized examples: specific texts, close reading.
1514	ENG	365	S08-09	LA	Topics in American Literature: American Jewish Writers	Reading fiction, poetry, essays and graphic novels from the 18th to the 21st centuries, we will examine how American Jewish writers have left a mark both on American letters and on Jewish literature.  Topics include immigration and assimilation; city Jews; Jewish feminism; secularity vs. religious observance; and the Jew in multicultural America.  Texts include films, video, and song lyrics as well as Yiddish-language poetry in English translation.
1515	ENG	366	S08-09	LA	Topics in American Literature: American Best Sellers	Seduction, betrayal, adventure, moral outrage, mystery, romance: these are the narrative engines of American's most popular texts.  In this course--a literary and historical survey of American best sellers--we will seek to understand not just which texts have been popular but why, paying close attention to both their aesthetic qualities and their cultural contexts.  What can our reading of these works today tell us about the societies that produced and then, by the millions, consumed them?
1516	ENG	371	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Literary Theory	An intensive survey of the most important terms in contemporary theory and their role in recent cultural and political debates.  Each week will take up a new critical term, examining both its history and its current usages.  Terms might include:  language, ideology, performativity, sexuality, ethics, media, trauma, AIDS, globalization, and war.
1517	ENG	402	S08-09	LA	Forms of Literature: Introduction to U.S. Latina/o Literature	This course introduces key readings and developments in U.S. Latina/o literature from the early twentieth century to the present.  With a focus on Nuyorican, Cuban, Dominican, Chicana/o and Tejana/o populations, students will examine how literature both mirrors and informs conditions of migration; debates about race, gender and sexuality; issues of language; myths of assimilation; and oral-literary traditions.
1518	ENG	403	S08-09	LA	Forms of Literature: American Elegy	This course explores the evolution and significance of the American elegy, from the antebellum to the postwar periods. We will read both personal and public elegies, moving from deathbed to hospital bed, home front to battlefield, bourgeois parlor to rural woods. Beginning with 17th c. Puritan elegy and ending with late 20th c. family elegy, we will cover a range of periods and poems in between, including national elegy, Indian elegy, child elegy, African American elegy, Civil War elegy, World War elegy, lynch elegy, and AIDS elegy.
1519	ENG	405	S08-09	LA	Dublin: The City and the Word	This course will explore a body of Irish literature which sought to establish the idea of an Irish nation, with an ancient mythology and a hidden creative spirit, and which also sought to mock such an idea, or undermine it, by using city life, in all its untidiness and comedy, against a national ideal, or using personal life, in all its isolation and lack of heroism, against the heroic spirit in which the nation was re-created.
1520	ENG	407	S08-09	LA	Reading Innocence	This course reads episodes in the literature of innocence.  It's a fragile state, since to know it you have to lose it.  We'll look at the theological, sexual, and political consequences of the myth of innocence, mainly but not exclusively in fiction and poetry. We'll consider the state of demonic innocence (wild boys and scary girls), and ask what cultural work the myth of innocence does in movies and other products of our fallen state.  Terms for interrogation include: pastoral, primitivism, utopia, nature, nostalgia, and guilt.
1521	ENG	511	S08-09		Special Studies in Medieval Literature: Medieval Education	Education and intellectual culture from c. 400 A.D.c. 1400 A.D across Europe: arts of language (grammar, rhetoric, dialectic) as "packaged" in  encyclopedias, treatises, and compendia; reconfigurations of knowledge systems for new uses (monastic schools, cathedral schools); differences between elementary and advanced reading; representations of children and childhood; women and intellectual discourse; universities and new ideas of intellectual formation; vernacular learning. Primary texts: treatises, institutional statutes, and student "guides"; intellectual biography; quadrivial learning.  All readings available in English.
1522	ENG	522	S08-09		The Renaissance in England: Sixteenth Century Lyric	A course on style: our question will be, how does a recognizable & imitable poet get to sound like himself? We will take the poet's perspective on that strange problem--how do you sound like yourself--asking why, circa 1580, you might want to write poetry, or be a poet; what you would read, and how; whom you might write to; how you would know you had succeeded, or failed. How do such questions get translated into choices about lexis, rhythm, syntax? Readings from many poets, esp Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare; also sources in rhetoric, poetics, pedagogy, history, biography.
1523	ENG	525	S08-09		Shakespeare I: Getting over Rome: Shakespeare and the Making of Modernity's Theories	The course title suggests the maniacal pursuit of a master argument, but things will be kept loose.  Discussions will be wide-ranging: Shakespeare's representation of compassion, artificial persons (political representatives, diplomats, surrogates, actors), poverty, the Roman Republic, and forms of false consciousness; I expect that other participants will bring many more issues to the table.  We will develop a parallel engagement with the many major intellectuals and artists--among others, Hegel, Schlegel, Stendhal, Marx, Freud, Lacan, Fanon, and Zizek--who make Shakespeare the cornerstone of a post-classical, modern theory of art & society.
1524	ENG	545	S08-09		Special Studies in the 18th Century: Swift, Pope, Fielding, Sterne	The 18th C. is fascinating because it is undecided. Both modern and pre-modern; committed to scientific revolution yet wedded to old beliefs; vigorously pressing for secular learning but still locked in religious enmity. Skepticism and superstitions go hand in hand; rationality and sentiment are bedfellows. In the midst of all this walk four 18th-C. giants: Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne. Their writings determined the course of 18th C. intellectual history, but they also reveal to us the radical divisions and complex uncertainties of any age trying to live by the maxim "whatever is, is right."
1525	ENG	550	S08-09		The Romantic Period: Surveying the Romantic Period	What is Romanticism? Reading across British literature from the 1780s to the 1830s, we will study the shapes of imagination in the context of social, cultural, & political forces, as well as the shaping of the "Romantic" period by modern critics, historians, and anthologists. This double focus will allow us to read closely & historically, as well as explore the ways in which literary studies are shaped by our own scholarly interests. Our main text is the period volume of [The Longman Anthology of British Literature]. References to other anthologies will be part of our discussions, to supplement & contrast alternative versions of the period.
1526	ENG	555	S08-09		American Literary Traditions: Live Nation: Performance Theory & 19th Century America	Readings across the 19th century American and African-American literary canons through the prism of performance theory and cultural studies critical praxis with special emphasis on theorizing "happenings" and "the event" in American and African-American literature.  Course participants will make use of sonic, corporeal, and visual performance theories in readings of Wheatley, Poe, Walker, Douglass, Melville, Jacobs, Stowe, Box Brown, Wells Brown, Hawthorne, Whitman, Menken, Harper, Howells, Twain, Chesnutt, James, Crane, Gilman, DuBois, Hopkins and others.  Select criticism from a variety of interdisciplinary scholars.
1527	ENG	560	S08-09		Special Studies in the Drama: Queer Theory and Performance	This course surveys the complexities of queer theory as applied to theatre and performance, from self-described gay, lesbian, or queer performance to any theatre-going experience.  It offers a sampling of ideas from queer theory and addresses how they might be useful in making and viewing performance.  It also assays the inverse, asking how performance itself might have something to offer queer theory.  The seminar offers a framework for thinking about performance and theory, which students will use to apply to various objects of study useful in their own work and thinking.
1528	ENG	563	S08-09		Poetics: Thinking in Poetry	Poetry often begins where philosophy finds itself at an impasse, yet philosophers have a long history of distrusting poetic experience. Poets in turn have written many responses to such distrust.  In this seminar, we will consider how thinking in poems and thinking about poems might call upon, and differ from, other kinds of knowledge and other modes of reason, logic, contemplation, and deliberation.
1529	ENG	567	S08-09		Special Studies in Modernism: Ethical Looking(?): Modernity and the Crisis of Visuality	This course studies the intersection of visuality and racialization in twentieth century literature, art, photography, and film. Drawing from historical discussions of the "gaze" from Western philosophical tradition (Plato to Lacan), as well as from contemporary film, gender and race theories, this seminar asks questions such as: Is there a way to look at racial difference in ways that are not appropriative or reifying? How can we formulate and ethics of the gaze given that the visual realm is so often associated with objectification and commodification? How has race structured the visual field and its practice?
1530	ENG	574	S08-09		Literature and Society: The Long Goodbye: Victorian Sociability and Its Discontents	A survey of works by Dickens, Collins, Trollope, and Eliot which will concern itself particularly with the ways in which early sociology (Weber, Durkeim, Simmel) can illuminate the project of the late realist novel, and the other way around.
1531	ENG	581	S08-09		Seminar in Pedagogy	Required weekly seminar for all English Department PhD students teaching for the first time at Princeton and scheduled to precept this semester. This teaching seminar covers a range of topics: designing lesson plans, leading discussions, grading papers, preparing syllabi, delivering lectures, and writing recommendations. Classroom observations, blackboard postings, and teaching portfolios required.
1532	ENV	204A	S08-09		Global Warming: Causes, Consequences, Policy Responses	This course explores the causes and consequences of human-induced climate change, and the range of potential policy responses. By studying the natural climate system and past climates, as well as the consequences of emissions from human activities ranging from electricity generation to transportation to tropical deforestation, we will develop an understanding of how climate is changing now, and how it is expected to change further as greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere.  The course explores factors that are critical considerations in developing responses by governments, individuals, and private organizations.
1533	ENV	204B	S08-09	ST	Global Warming: Causes, Consequences, Policy Responses	This course explores the causes and consequences of human-induced climate change, and the range of potential policy responses. By studying the natural climate system and past climates, as well as the consequences of emissions from human activities ranging from electricity generation to transportation to tropical deforestation, we will develop an understanding of how climate is changing now, and how it is expected to change further as greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere.  The course explores factors that are critical considerations in developing responses by governments, individuals, and private organizations.
1534	ENV	304	S08-09	SA	Disease Ecology, Economics, and Policy	The dynamics of the emergence and spread of disease arise from a complex interplay between disease ecology, economics, and human behavior. Lectures will provide an introduction to complementarities between economic and epidemiological approaches to understanding the emergence, spread, and control of infectious diseases. The course will cover topics such as drug-resistance in bacterial and parasitic infections, individual incentives to vaccinate, the role of information in the transmission of infectious diseases, and the evolution of social norms in healthcare practices.
1535	ENV	305	S08-09		Topics in Environmental Studies: Environmental Science Writing	This course focuses on writing about environmental topics and issues. Readings trace varieties of natural encounter, historical and contemporary. Nonfiction genres examined include the personal essay, the policy essay, reportage and reviews, long-form narratives, and profiles of people and places.
1536	ENV	306	S08-09	HA	Topics in Environmental Studies: American Environmental History	Explores the diverse connections between America's national development and natural environment. It examines how the U.S. originated, then expanded to cover a continental land mass, and the ways that expansion changed the nation. It analyzes how, why, and with what consequences major parts of the U.S. economy--for instance, farming, energy, services and government--have grown or in shrunk. It looks at how and with what results the U.S. has incorporated different ethnic and racial groups. It shows how, why, and with what outcomes it has historically globalized and conducted its foreign policy, and offers insights into current landscapes.
1537	ENV	310	S08-09	SA	Environmental Law and Moot Court	Examining the relationship between law and environmental policy, this course focuses on cases that have established policy principles. The first half of the seminar will be conducted using the Socratic method. The second half will allow students to reargue either the plaintiff or defendant position in a key case, which will be decided by the classroom jury.
1538	ENV	320	S08-09		Feeding the World While Saving the Planet	This course will explore the challenge of feeding nine billion people worldwide by 2050 while reducing farming's contribution of as much as one third of greenhouse gas emissions. Starting with a history of modern agriculture, we explore how much crop yields must increase to avoid tearing down forests to feed the world, the impact of diet on greenhouse gas emissions, and potential changes in farming practices to reduce emissions of powerful, trace gases. The course will mix technical background and policy analysis, explore many areas of controversy, including the debate between high input agriculture and the slow and organic food movements.
1539	ENV	340	S08-09	ST	Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Solutions	Focuses on environmental challenges and sustainable solutions related to interrelationships between constructed and natural processes. Topic areas include resource conservation, sustainable practices, stormwater management, and habitat restoration. The format of the course is experiential learning with problem-solving research projects, lectures, and discussions. A central theme of the projects is to track the impact of land use and sustainable practices on the ecological balance of environments in and around Princeton's campus. Sample projects include: stream restoration; the health of Lake Carnegie; and the benefits of green roofs.
1540	ENV	352	S08-09	EM	Environmental, Ecological, and Climate Justice	This class will survey conceptions and practices of environmental, ecological, and climate justice. After a brief history of the US environmental justice movement, we will explore the multifaceted and pluralistic notion of justice employed by the movement, as well as other movements that use environmental justice as an organizing theme. These conceptions of environmental justice will then be used to understand and broaden existing notions of ecological justice--or justice between humans and the rest of the natural world--as well as recent discussions regarding climate justice.
1541	ENV	360	S08-09		Biotech Plants and Animals: Frankenfood or Important Innovations?	Biotechnology has given us the tools to manipulate both domestic plants and animals.  Biotechnology may provide the means to allow crops to more rapidly adapt to changing health and environmental circumstances--including changes due to climate change--and to allow livestock to reduce their environmental impact. Case studies, and discussions with experts, will be used to evaluate these plants and animals created using biotechnology and advanced plant breeding techniques. We will also discuss the case against bioengineered foods and explore concerns over ethics, and adequate testing for their impact on human health and on the environment.
1542	EPS	300	S08-09	SA	European Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century	The course aims to cover the critical developments of twentieth-century Europe and the consolidation of democracy in European countries.  It will deal with the legacy of the two world wars, Nazism, Stalinism, the Cold War, the legacy of colonialism and decolonization, the birth and development of the European Community, the development of the welfare state, the problems confronting the European Union (immigration, enlargement, political institutions, military role), and the varieties of democratic institutions in Europe.
1543	EPS	382	S08-09		Constitutional Issues of European Law	What kind of polity is the European Union? Is it a form of economic and political integration, an actor at the global scene, an interlocutor of the United States? What is its relationship to its Member States? How is it organized? What do democracy, citizenship, and fundamental rights mean for the EU? The seminar is designed to help better understand this organization--its political roots and objectives, its legal foundations and development, and its existence as a new kind of a federal system "beyond statehood". We will study the case law of the European Court of Justice and other writings about the constitutional process of the EU.
1544	FIN	502	S08-09		Corporate Finance and Financial Accounting	Modern financial theory and its implications for decisions faced by corporate financial officers.  We will focus on investment decisions and capital budgeting under various assumptions about the investment environment (for example, certain or uncertain outcomes) and the legal/regulatory environment (such as different types of tax regimes).  We also examine financing decisions concerning the type of securities to be issued, amount of dividends to be paid, etc., plus a selection of additional topics, such as convertible/hybrid securities, real options, or corporate structure and control will also be covered.
1545	FIN	515	S08-09		Portfolio Theory and Asset Management	This course covers a number of advanced topics related to asset management and asset pricing.  Topics include mean-variance analysis, CAPM, APT, market efficiency, delegated money management, stock return predictability, bubbles and crashes, social interaction and investor behavior, security analysts and investor relations, and mutual fund performance and organization.
1546	FIN	519	S08-09		Corporate Restructuring, Mergers and Acquisitions	This course applies topics from microeconomics (Economics 305) and corporate finance (Economics 318) to study corporate restructuring. Topics include mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestiture and share repurchases. Each of these is discussed in the context of the relevant economic theory, institutional and regulatory environment, and with a focus on shareholder value.  Meets concurrently with ECO464.
1547	FIN	522	S08-09		Options, Futures and Financial Derivatives	Derivative securities are assets whose value depends on the value of other more basic underlying assets. Derivative securities are not only an important asset in their own right, but the central intuition provided by derivative securities pricing--the no-arbitrage principle--ties together many areas in finance. This course discusses the consequences of no-arbitrage for asset pricing and corporate finance.  This course meets concurrently with ECO465.
1548	FIN	561	S08-09		Master's Project II	Under the direction of a Bendheim affiliated faculty member, students carry out a master's project, write a report, and present the results in the form of a poster or an oral presentation in front of an examining committee.
1549	FIN	591	S08-09		Cases in Financial Risk Management	Course examines the concept of risk and its mitigation, and how the ideas can be applied in the practice of risk management for financial and non-financial companies. The basic toolkit draws on economics, probability theory and statistics, and they are integrated with more advanced concepts drawn from portfolio choice, derivative securities and dynamic hedging. Overall aim of the course is to demonstrate how the main concepts have practical applications.
1550	FIN	592	S08-09		The Rise of Asian Capital Markets	Course explores the increasing weight of Asia in global equity financial markets and its implications, and frames the discussion in the macro-economic context of the globalization of financial markets and the evolution of the global monetary system.  Course puts particular emphasis on concepts of economic development, market efficiency, and corporate governance. Discussions combine analysis of historical trends and recent data and events with insights from practical experience in Asian equity markets. Course also explicitly considers the policy decisions faced by the US and Chinese governments relative to existing global imbalances.
1551	FRE	102	S08-09		Beginner's French II	The main objective of this course is to enable you to achieve intermediate communication proficiency in French. All four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing will be actively practiced in realistic communicative situations, through a variety of activities designed to help you strengthen newly acquired vocabulary and grammatical structures. You will learn to talk about events and people, construct narratives in French and develop reading and writing skills that will be a foundation for literacy in the target language. There is a wide use of authentic material from France and the Francophone world throughout the course.
1552	FRE	103	S08-09		Intensive Beginner's and Intermediate French	FRE 103 is an intensive beginning and intermediate language course designed for students who have already studied French (typically no more than 2-3 years).  Covering in one semester the material presented in FRE 101 and FRE 102, this course prepares students to take FRE 107 the following semester.  Classroom activities include comprehension and grammar exercises, conversation, skits, and working with a variety of audio-visual materials.
1553	FRE	107	S08-09		Intermediate/Advanced French	Continued presentation and review of grammar.  Development of an active command of spoken and written French through class discussion and compositions.   Acquisition of reading skills through progressively longer readings.
1554	FRE	108	S08-09		Advanced French	An intensive course to develop active command of the language through close reading of short literary texts, grammar review, oral and written exercises.
1555	FRE	207	S08-09		Studies in French Language and Style	A study of French contemporary culture and society.  Intensive oral and written study of vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions prepares students for advanced courses in French literature and civilization and for working programs in French-speaking countries. Small class format.  Strong emphasis on discussion.  Film series. Intensive practical training in oral and written French.
1556	FRE	215	S08-09		France Today: Culture, Politics, and Society	This course is designed to develop students' linguistic skills and broaden their knowledge of contemporary French society. Discussions and essays will cover a wide range of topics drawn from economic, political, social and cultural aspects of France and the francophone world. Current affairs will be discussed in class on a regular basis. The course will provide intensive language practice and students will improve their communication skills by completing a research project, to be presented orally and in writing, on a topic of their choice. Course material include readings, videos, films, francophone television and web-based activities.
1557	FRE	222	S08-09	LA	The Making of Modern France: French Literature, Culture, and Society from 1789 to the Present	"Il faut être absolument moderne", the poet Arthur Rimbaud proclaimed in 1873. But what does it mean to be "modern"? And what does it mean to be "French"? This course explores the last two centuries of French culture, focusing on key periods of social and artistic upheaval, revolution, and transformation. Special attention will be paid to the intersections between the public events that make up "l'Histoire", and the private lives and loves of individual Frenchmen and Frenchwomen. We will pursue these questions through the study of a variety of cultural artifacts: short novels, poems, essays, speeches, chansons, paintings, comics, and movies.
1558	FRE	307	S08-09	LA	Advanced French Language and Style	To improve spoken and written French through comparative study of English and French grammatical and syntactic structures, literary translation, and reading of non-literary texts.
1559	FRE	317	S08-09	LA	Visions of Paris	A study of Paris as urban space, object of representation, and part of French cultural identity. Topics include Paris in the Ancien Régime; Revolutionary and Napoleonic Paris; the transformation of Paris in the 19th century; Paris as a site of European art and literature; modern and multicultural Paris in the 1900s; and challenges in the new millennium. Prerequisite: a 200-level course in French or instructor's permission. One 90-minute lecture, one 90-minute preceptorial.
1560	FRE	321	S08-09	LA	The Invention of Literature and Culture in France	We will examine poetry and narrative from the French Middle Ages from the perspective of the look of love.  The gaze induces people to fall in love, but it also incites jealousy or provokes voyeurism.  The medieval court is a place of spectacle and paranoia; gender and sexuality are publicly performed or hidden from sight.  Looking can be equated with knowing, and in a culture where oral performance is still the norm, the gaze is readily identified with the texts themselves.
1561	FRE	351	S08-09	LA	The Enlightenment in France	What is the Enlightenment? By the end of the eighteenth century, Europeans had travelled the entire globe and the French Revolution had transformed the face of France. This course investigates the era of change and radical thought that precipitated this momentous event.  Through novels, fiction, and contemporary theory and film, we'll explore the hopes and shortcomings of the intellectual movement known as Les Lumières.  Topics will include A Dream of Democracy, Globalizing the Enlightenment, Slumming it in Paris and Courtly Passions. Fiction and essays by Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot, Wollestonecraft, and others.
1562	FRE	359	S08-09	LA	Power, Passion, and Ideology	In this course, we will examine the representation of the relationship between power and passion during the Old Regime, the Empire, and the Restoration. We will pay particular attention to the ways in which the image of the ruler and the lover was defined and used in literary works, archives, pamphlets, and works of art. We will discuss the emergence of the concept of 'private life', the representation of the libertine both in literature and in politics (Louis XV, Madame du Barry, "Les liaisons dangereuses", Marie-Antoinette), and the image of Napoleon in politics and literature.
1563	FRE	366	S08-09	LA	Modern French Fiction	French fiction from 1850 to the present in translation.
1564	FRE	500	S08-09		Second Language Acquisition Research and Language Teaching Methodology	This course is designed to provide furture teaching assistants with the knowledge and conceptual tools needed to reflect critically on pedagogical practices in the second language classroom.  It will examine issues related to teaching language and culture in a university setting, highlighting the relationship between theory in Second Language Acquisition and language pedagogy and helping students understand the practical implications of theoretical frameworks in the field.
1565	FRE	506	S08-09		French Medieval Literature and Culture: Skins, Books, and the Self	Medieval books were copied by hand onto parchment, made from skin.  The modern self, bounded by a social or psychic skin, it is widely held, did not yet exist in the Middle Ages.  So is the medieval self a surface comparable to the writing surface of its books?  What effect does this have on medieval texts and medieval subjects? Literary texts are studied in light of theories of the self (e.g. Klein) and of the cultural significance of skin (e.g. Anzieu), addressing such themes as flaying, wounding, beauty and cosmetics, armor, clothing, and fashion. The course includes first-hand study of manuscripts.
1566	FRE	519	S08-09		Enlightenment and Romanticism: Political Aesthetics	The course will examine the role of political thought in literature, philosophy, and art from the end of the eighteenth to the beginning of the nineteenth century. We will pay particular attention to the representations of the conflict between the individual and the state, and the legacy of the Revolution in redefining the writer as political thinker.
1567	FRE	525	S08-09		20th-Century French Poetry or Theater: Surrealism	This course examines the development of surrealism from its birth in Dada-infused Paris through its years of exile in New York to its decline after the Second World War. Materials considered will include literary and theoretical texts, visual works (including film), and magazines.  The course will treat the topic at a variety of inter-related levels, exploring surrealism as part of the broad historical phenomenon of the avant-garde, examining its specific ways of (re)conceiving literature and art, and investigating the epistemological ramifications of surrealism's aesthetic, political, and moral positions. (In English)
1568	FRE	528	S08-09		Francophone Literature & Culture Outside of France: Transnational Writing in French	Course will consider novels, plays, philosophical essays, and films written primarily in French that reflect and explore different contexts and aspects of contemporary transnationality. We will also consider the challenges that these border crossings pose to interpretative frameworks that categorize cultural productions with regard to national origins.
1569	FRE	1027	S08-09		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced French	FRE 102-7 is an intensive double course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Focus will be on reading and listening comprehension, oral proficiency, grammatical accuracy, and the development of reading and writing skills.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will be introduced to various Francophone cultures through readings, videos and films.
1570	FRS	102	S08-09	EM	The Moral Dilemmas of Political Leadership	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1571	FRS	104	S08-09	EC	The Neural Basis of Free Will and Consciousness	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1572	FRS	106	S08-09	ST	Sound, Music, and ... Physics	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1573	FRS	108	S08-09	HA	Woodrow Wilson and the Battle of Princeton	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1574	FRS	110	S08-09	LA	What Makes a Poem Endure? -- 24 Lyric Masterpieces	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1575	FRS	112	S08-09	HA	Kabbalah and Its Critics: From the Middle Ages to Madonna	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1576	FRS	114	S08-09	LA	Eye of the Tiger: Reading Buildings	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1577	FRS	116	S08-09	EM	The Ethics of Human Enhancement: From Steroid Users to Superhumans	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1578	FRS	118	S08-09	LA	Architects in Quest of the Ideal City	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1579	FRS	120	S08-09	SA	Life on Mars -- Or Maybe Not	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1580	FRS	122	S08-09	ST	The Everglades Today and Tomorrow: Global Change and the Impact of Human Activities on the Biosphere	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1581	FRS	124	S08-09	HA	The History and Culture of Climbing in the United States	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1582	FRS	128	S08-09	EM	The Problem of Suffering	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1583	FRS	130	S08-09	SA	Modern Financial Markets	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1584	FRS	132	S08-09	LA	"The Good Fight": Culture and Politics in the Spanish Civil War	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1585	FRS	136	S08-09	SA	Living in a Polluted Greenhouse	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1586	FRS	138	S08-09	SA	Latino/a Popular Culture	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1587	FRS	140	S08-09	SA	Life in a Nuclear-Armed World	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1588	FRS	142	S08-09	EC	Freud on the Psychology of Ordinary Mental Life	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1589	FRS	144	S08-09	LA	The Scarlet Thread: Detective Fiction from Poe to the Present	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1590	FRS	146	S08-09	LA	Into the Woods! What Disney Didn't Tell You About Fairy Tales	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1591	FRS	148	S08-09	SA	The American Dream and the Public Schools	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1592	FRS	150	S08-09	QR	Coming Up with New Products: The Art and Science of Product	See Freshman Seminar booklet or http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1593	FRS	152	S08-09	LA	Taking it Personally: Solo Performance and the American Self	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1594	FRS	154	S08-09	EM	Racism and Ethnic Hatred in Classical Antiquity	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1595	FRS	156	S08-09	SA	How to Make a Revolution in Russia: Ideas and Practices	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1596	FRS	158	S08-09	ST	The Chemistry of Magic	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1597	FRS	160	S08-09	LA	The Dilemma and Challenges of AIDS: Language and Literature as Alternative Therapy	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1598	FRS	162	S08-09	HA	The Wars Within: Patriotism, Protest, and Propaganda in Modern America	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1599	FRS	166	S08-09	EM	The Tragic, the Comic, and the Political	No Description Available
1600	FRS	168	S08-09	LA	Representing the French Revolution	No Description Available
1601	FRS	170	S08-09	SA	Economics of Environmental Protection	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1602	FRS	172	S08-09	LA	Literature, Law, and Human Rights	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1603	FRS	174	S08-09	QR	The Information Revolution: Insights into Technology, Language, and Biololgy	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1604	FRS	176	S08-09	EC	Minding the Body	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1605	FRS	178	S08-09	LA	Body and Spirit: A Comparative Approach to Sacred Dance	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1606	FRS	180	S08-09	SA	American Families in Comparative Perspective	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1607	FRS	182	S08-09	HA	Uncovering the Past and Present: The Archaeology of Ancient Egypt	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1608	FRS	184	S08-09	ST	Materials and Technology for a Sustainable Energy Future	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1609	FRS	186	S08-09	HA	Red shirts, Black shirts and T Shirts: Tracing Ideology in a Post-Ideological World	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1610	GEO	202A	S08-09		Oceanography: An Introduction to the World's Oceans	An interdisciplinary introduction to oceanography, including biological, chemical, geological, and physical processes. Covers topics such as origins and structure of planet Earth and its oceans; plate tectonics, liquid water and the hydrologic cycle, salinity and elemental cycles, ocean circulation; waves and tides; primary production and nutrient cycles, marine ecosystems; life on the sea floor, near shore and estuarine communities, potential environmental issues for the world's oceans.
1611	GEO	202B	S08-09	ST	Oceanography: An Introduction to the World's Oceans	An interdisciplinary introduction to oceanography, including biological, chemical, geological, and physical processes. Covers topics such as origins and structure of planet Earth and its oceans; plate tectonics, liquid water and the hydrologic cycle, salinity and elemental cycles, ocean circulation; waves and tides; primary production and nutrient cycles, marine ecosystems; life on the sea floor, near shore and estuarine communities, potential environmental issues for the world's oceans.
1612	GEO	210B	S08-09	ST	Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Other Hazards	Natural hazards and the importance of public understanding of the issues related to them.  Emphasis on the processes which underly these hazards with some discussion of the policy issues involved. Principal topics:  earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, landslides, impacts, limits to growth of population and its use of natural resources.  * Use of "clickers" in class in lieu of quizzes.
1613	GEO	255	S08-09	QR	Life in the Universe	This course introduces students to a new field, Astrobiology, where scientists trained in biology, chemistry, astronomy and geology combine their skills to discover life's origins and to seek extraterrestrial life. Topics include: the origin of life on Earth,  the prospects of life beneath the surfaces of Mars and Europa, a moon of Jupiter; extra-solar planets nearby that offer targets for NASA space telescopes searching for life.  Two 90 minute lectures.
1614	GEO	316	S08-09	ST	Structural Geology and Tectonics	The nature and origin of the deformed rocks composing the crust of Earth considered at scales ranging from atomic to continental. Tectonics and regional geology of North America.  Two ninety minute lectures and one three-hour laboratory, two one-day field trips and one three-day field trip in Appalachians.
1615	GEO	399	S08-09		Environmental Decision Making	Use of scientific arguments in concert with economic, social, political, and engineering considerations to develop environmental policies.  Class format consists of exercises based on actual case studies involving international development, climate change, poverty reduction, natural hazards, and international security.
1616	GEO	417	S08-09		Environmental Microbiology	The study of microbial biogeochemistry and microbial ecology. Beginning with the physical/chemical characteristics and constraints of microbial metabolism, we will investigate the role of bacteria in elemental cycles, in soil, sediment and marine and freshwater communities, in bioremediation and chemical transformations.
1617	GEO	450	S08-09	QR	Earth Surface Processes	This course presents a treatment of the physical processes that shape Earth's surface, such as solar radiation, deformation of the solid Earth, and the flow of water (vapor, liquid, and solid) under the influence of gravity. In particular, the generation, transport, and preservation of sediment in response to these processes is studied in order to better read stories of Earth history in the geologic record and to better understand processes involved in modern and ancient environmental change.
1618	GEO	470	S08-09		Environmental Chemistry of Soils	Focuses on the inorganic and organic constituents of aqueous, solid, and gaseous phases of soils, and fundamental chemical principles and processes governing the reactions between different constituents. The role of soil chemical processes in the major and trace element cycles, and the biogeochemical transformation of different soil contaminants will be discussed in the later parts of the course. Prerequisites: CHM 331, or any other basic chemistry course. Two 90-minute lectures.
1619	GEO	499	S08-09		Environmental Change, Poverty and Conflict	We will evaluate both the national and international impact of environmental change as manifested through natural hazards.  In particular, we explore what constitutes a natural disaster & predict the future humanitarian, economic, & political impact of such events given changes in sea level, climate variations, & demographic trends. Students will work in teams to assess risk and to develop economically realistic & scientifically sound policy recommendations. The results of the class will be submitted for publication, and the class will present their analysis to the appropriate policy-makers and/or business leaders.
1620	GEO	501	S08-09		Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Materials	Concepts of solid state physics and inorganic chemistry relevant to the study of minerals with emphasis on the application to study of planetary interiors. Topics include: crystal chemistry, phase transitions, equations of state, dynamic and static compression, elasticity, lattice dynamics, and transport properties.
1621	GEO	506	S08-09		Fundamentals of the Geosciences II	A survey of fundamental papers in the Geosciences.  Topics include present and future climate, biogeochemical processes in the ocean, geochemical cycles, orogenies, thermochronology, rock fracture and seismicity.  This is the second of two core geosciences graduate courses.
1622	GEO	523	S08-09		Geomicrobiology	This semester GEO523 will focus on energy resources beyond conventional hydrocarbons.  The course will cover frontier resources currently being investigated by upstream research branches of major oil companies, which includes the topics of petroleum microbiology, biofuels, geothermal power and subsurface CO2 sequestration.  The class will be part lecture and part seminar and will take advantage of several recently published books on these topics.  The course will include guest lecturers from the private sector.
1623	GEO	538	S08-09		Paleoclimatology	A discussion of major climatic events in Earth history and their causes.  Topics include Snowball Earth, Paleozoic glaciations, warm Cretaceous climates, major climate events of the Cenozoic, and Pleistocene ice ages.  We will analyze these climate events in the context of Earth's radiative balance, greenhouse warming, interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere, and modeling studies of oceans, atmosphere, and paleoclimate.
1624	GEO	539	S08-09		Topics in Paleoecology, Paleoclimatology, and Paleoceanography: Environmental and Biotic Effects of Volcanism	Investigation of paleoenvironments and biotic effects associated with major volcanic eruptions (large igneous provinces), (e.g. Deccan Traps, Siberian Traps) and recent volcanic eruptions and their biotic and environmental consequences.
1625	GEO	546	S08-09		Inverse Problems	The probabilistic formulation and solutions to inverse problems; dealing with prior probability and observational uncertainty; Monte Carlo methods for solving inverse problems; Metropolis algorithm; deterministic solutions (using optimization methods; least squares, least absolute values); inverse problems involving waveforms and time series.
1626	GEO	558	S08-09		Seismology Seminar: Quantitative Seismology	Quantitative Seismology course will cover the following topics:  governing equations; semi-analytical solutions; anelasticity; attenuation; anisotropy; earthquake source characterization; body waves; surface waves; free oscillations; computational seismology.
1627	GER	102	S08-09		Beginner's German II	Continues the goals of German 101, focusing on increased communicative proficiency (oral and written), effective reading strategies, and listening skills. Emphasis on functional language tasks: learning to request, persuade, ask for help, express opinions, agree and disagree, negotiate conversations, and gain perspective on German culture through readings and discussion.  Participants eligible to apply for Princeton-in-Munich, GER 105-G, June, 2009. The afternoon section , intended for graduate students and seniors, follows the basic syllabus with added emphasis on reading skills for graduate students and seniors.
1628	GER	107	S08-09		Advanced German	Continues improvement of proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing using news magazines, electronic media, and literary texts as a basis for class discussion.  Grammar review is included.
1629	GER	208	S08-09		Studies in German Language and Style: Contemporary Society, Politics, and Culture	By examining short stories, films, journalistic essays, and speeches, this course surveys issues and events in German politics, society, and culture from 1945 to the present. Topics addressed include: the legacy of National Socialism, the question of collective and individual guilt, the challenge of establishing a new German identity in a multicultural society, the economic miracle, the student revolts, the two Germanies and reunification. In addition to providing an introduction to post-war Germany, this course aims to facilitate advanced competence in written and oral German.
1630	GER	210	S08-09	EC	Introduction to German Philosophy	German thought from the Enlightenment to the present, its major authors (Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Weber, Benjamin, Adorno.)  The course will offer a survey of German intellectual history, but also engage directly and closely with theoretical texts.  We will not only focus on the core disciplines of philosophy, but on aesthetics, social, and political thought as well.
1631	GER	211	S08-09	EC	Introduction to Media Theory	Through careful readings of a wide range of media theoretical texts from the late 19th to early 21st century, this seminar will trace the development of critical reflection on technologies and media ranging from the printing press to photography, from gramophones to radio technologies, from pre-cinematic optical devices to film and television, and from telephony and typewriters to cyberspace. Topics include the relationship between representation and technology, the historicity of perception, the interplay of aesthetics, technics and politics, and transformations of reigning notions of imagination, literacy, communication, reality, and truth.
1632	GER	306	S08-09	EC	German Intellectual History: Concepts of the Kulturnation	The two decades following German reunification in 1989 have witnessed a rise in the popularity of the discourse of the Kulturnation, a term that refers to a people/nation which is not (yet) a national state although identified as a cultural or ethnic unity. In the past the notion of Kulturnation (as opposed to Willensnation) has been used either as a cultural means for the desire to build a nation state through a homogeneous literature or language (i.e.19th C. Germany) or in opposition to the dominance of policy or economy in defining a nation.  The course will examine the genealogy of this concept and its contradictory and hidden meanings.
1633	GER	307	S08-09	LA	Topics in German Culture and Society: Munich Modernism and its Paroxysms	Thomas Mann's sentence "München leuchtete," has become the marketing slogan of Munich's tourism industry, giving the "capital of the (Nazi) movement" a superficially impressionist air, suggesting carnivalesque bacchanalia for bourgeois and bohemian to mingle and a carefree atmosphere of unfettered aestheticism. But the sentence stems from a novella that centers on an apocalyptic iconoclast modeled on Savonarola. Munich is defined by these tensions of avant garde art and reactionary modernism, artistic sectarianism and bourgeois ostentation, but also by a surprising radicalism rarely matched in Berlin or Vienna.
1634	GER	320	S08-09	LA	Masterworks of European Literature: The Romantic Quest	To explore in a series of European dramatic, epic, and philosophical works the representation of an extraordinary individual who himself or herself puts into question the nature and possibility of greatness.  Special attention to the interplay of narrator and hero or heroine and to the way that many of the works in the series cunningly allude to one another.
1635	GER	324	S08-09	LA	Topics in Germanic Literatures: Abduction: On the Structure of a Literary Motif	In ancient and early modern Europe, abduction meant the forcible removal of women from the protection of their fathers in order to possess them sexually and in other ways. Beginning with Ovid and then focusing on structural transformations of this story in the 17th and 18th centuries, this course will discuss the "Entführung" narrative in the ancient world and its successful assimilation by the Christian Imagination. As a traumatic moment of discontinuity, abduction narratives deal with experiences of sudden loss and displacement, and at the same time provide the imaginary means to shape cultural beginnings of different kinds.
1636	GER	508	S08-09		Middle High German Literature: An Introduction	Introduction to Middle High German language and literature 1100-1300.  Selections from Arthurian romance (Parzival, Tristan), epic (Nibelungenlied), lyric poetry (Minnesang), and mysticism (Meister Eckhart, Mechthild von Magdeburg). Additional readings on history and culture also examined.
1637	GER	515	S08-09		Studies in 19th-Century Literature and Culture: Sacrifice and Sovereignty. The Cultural History of Martyrdom	A rereading of the archive of martyrdom as a constitutive pattern of cultural history, this seminar will focus on the specifically European dialectics of sacrificium, testimonium and (personal or political) sovereignty and its relation to the tragic/ tragedy. The constitution of a political body through a corporeal sacrifice and its transformation into a dramatic and political pattern of culture will be examined from Greek antiquity via early Christian sources, mediaeval texts and images and the Baroque tragic drama up to the emergence of the modern drama. These readings will be informed by theories of sacrifice, passion and sovereignty.
1638	GER	520	S08-09		Topics in Literary and Cultural Theory: Paradigms of Media Theory	In an age of so-called "new" media, the question of how to theorize media has become more urgent than ever.  To that end, this seminar will undertake a critical comparative examination of various models of media theory including the Toronto School (Ong, Innes, McLuhan), the Frankfurt School (Benjamin, Kracauer, Adorno/Horkheimer), and its British translation by the Birmingham School of cultural studies (Williams, Hall), systems theory (Luhmann), communications studies and American cultural studies, and finally the German paradigm of cultural technology studies (Kittler, Ernst, Vismann).
1639	GER	521	S08-09		Topics in German Intellectual History: 1977 -- A Year Without History	The one-year study has established itself against traditional modes of literary historiography based on periods, generations, and the caesuras of political history--modes that are particularly entrenched in the study of German postwar literary and cultural history. The seminar challenges common assumptions about the relation between political and literary history, cultural production and its constitutive anachronisms, by focusing on the year 1977. Beyond the obvious concerns of the day--terrorism crisis in the West, Biermann expatriation in the East--we will study artistic, constitutional, and historiographical constellations and debates.
1640	GER	522	S08-09		Dramatic Art and Theory: Theatrality in Goethes Weimarer Dramas	Refusing the common conception of Goethe's Weimar dramas as both unsuited for the real stage and lacking in theatrical impact, this seminar will investigate the specific theatricality of what appears to be Goethe's anti-theatrical dramaturgy. It will explore the modernity of Goethe's dramatic imagination, trace the subtle and revolutionary changes in dramatic representation and discuss how Goethe, by ostensibly reinforcing classicist standards on stage, successfully subverts Aristotelian concepts of tragedy and drama. Special attention will be paid to the reinvention of dramatic space and its relation to movement, character and speech.
1641	GER	1025	S08-09		Intensive Intermediate German	Intensive training in German, building on German 101 and covering the acquisitional goals of two subsequent semesters:  communicative proficiency in a wide range  of syntax, mastery of discourse skills, and reading strategies sufficient to interpret and discuss contemporary German short stories and drama.  Intensive classroom participation/language lab required.  Successful completion provides eligibility for German 107 or, in exceptional cases, for 200 level courses.  Participants are eligible to apply for the Princeton-in-Munich program (107-G), June, 2009.
1642	GHP	351	S08-09	SA	Critical Perspectives on Global Health and Health Policy	This course introduces students to the main disease and health care problems facing the world's populations today and examines the efforts underway to improve health at a global level. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the course probes the multiple factors - environmental, social, political, economic - that shape patterns and variations in disease and health across societies. Topics include: infectious and chronic diseases, pandemic threats, development and risk factors, pharmaceuticals and public health interventions, public-private partnerships, and health services for the world's poorest people.
1643	HEB	102	S08-09		Elementary Hebrew II	Continuation of HEB 101 focusing on the structure, the grammar and vocabulary of the Hebrew language.  We'll be reading easy texts from Israeli newspapers, from our textbooks.  We'll be writing more compositions and be giving presentations about various topics in Hebrew.
1644	HEB	107	S08-09		Intermediate Hebrew II	Completion of two-year textbook, Ha-Yesod, and reading and discussion of selected additional texts (newspaper, stories, poems, etc.) Extensive practice in conversation, writing and reading and tasting Hebrew literature.
1645	HEB	302	S08-09	LA	Advanced Hebrew Language and Style II	Readings in Hebrew culture, exploring the underlying tensions in identity among Israeli Jews:  tensions in religious identity (ie.  Ashkenazim versus Sephardim/Ultra Orthodox (Chareidim) versus Secularists), political identity, age/generational identity, and personal identity.  We will analyze these issues within the context of contemporary short stories, modern poetry, newspaper articles, and cinema/theater.
1646	HEB	402	S08-09	LA	Coexistence through Theater and Film	An advanced language and culture course in Hebrew. Students will develop further proficiency in all skills through discussions, oral presentations of authentic materials and media.  The objective is to investigate how playwrights and filmmakers deal with socio-cultural issues of coexistence.  In addition to reading the plays, students will watch the DVDs with the performances from the unique bilingual theater in Jaffa.  Lab work will be also assigned.
1647	HIN	102	S08-09		Elementary Hindi II	Elementary Hindi 102 provides the second semester of training in spoken and written Hindi. Our primary objective is to continue to increase understanding, speaking, reading and writing Hindi. Classroom activities include comprehension, grammar exercises, role-plays, and conversation. Some attention to the cultural context of northern India. Depending on interest, Urdu script will also be taught.
1648	HIN	107	S08-09		Intermediate Hindi II	A continuation of the second year of intermediate Hindi language training, this course focuses on improving skills in the following areas: reading expository texts and extended narratives, writing descriptive informative texts of three to four pages, verbal communication on a range of topics, and expanding analytical understanding of the structure of the Hindi language. Special attention is paid to the cultural context of South Asia.
1649	HIS	201	S08-09	HA	A History of the World since 1300	An introduction to the history of the modern world, this course traces the global processes that connected regions with each other from the time of Genghis Khan to the present.  The major themes of the course include the environmental impact of human development, the role of wars and empires in shaping world power, and the transformations of global trade, finance and migration.
1650	HIS	208	S08-09	HA	East Asia since 1800	An introduction to the key political, social, and cultural developments in modern East Asia, with emphasis on China and Japan.  Major topics include the contrasting responses of China, Japan, and Korea to confrontation with the West; dilemmas of modernization; cooperation and confrontation wartime East Asia; the post-World War II East Asian world.
1651	HIS	212	S08-09	HA	Europe in the World: Monarchies, Nations and Empires from 1776 to the Present Day	This course offers a global history from an unusual perspective: that of the nations and empires ruled by monarchs and emperors (and sometimes empresses) across the years since the American and French revolutions, which are oftern seen as the events which ushered in the modern world of republicanism and democracy.  To be sure, many thrones have crashed and crowns have passed away since then; but monarchies are still with us today, from Japan to Britain, Swaziland to Sweden.  This course will explore both the anti-monarchical trends that have thrived since 1776 and 1789, but also the surprising extent of royal resilience.
1652	HIS	280	S08-09	HA	Approaches to American History	An intensive introduction for history concentrators, particularly those who plan to take their independent work seriously.  Students will immerse themselves in documents of three historical events:  the Salem witch trials, the Denmark Vesey slave insurrection conspiracy, and the Little Rock school integration crisis.  Interpretation of documents, the framing of historical questions, and the construction of historical explanations will be stressed.
1653	HIS	282	S08-09	HA	A Documents-based Approach to Asian History	A documents-based introduction to the historian's craft, designed to prepare students for future independent work.  We will interpret primary sources on  three topics that embed Japan within the wider context of Asian and world history: (1) the revolution in Japan's customs, religion, gender roles, and political system following the Meiji Restoration (1868), (2) the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) as a world-historical event, and (3) Japanese efforts in World War II to create a "Co-Prosperity Sphere" in Asia and the responses of the occupied peoples.
1654	HIS	293	S08-09	HA	Science in a Global Context: 15th to 20th Century	Science and technology have literally changed the world.  This course examines how, with an emphasis on understanding the place of scientific knowledge in the history of European exploration and expanding global power.  How did the sciences go out into the world?   How did certain disciplines and practices take shape in global interactions since 1400?  How does knowledge become universal?  What instruments, institutions, and activities made this possible?
1655	HIS	303	S08-09	HA	Colonial Latin America to 1810	This course begins with the origins and consolidation of the Aztec, Inca and Iberian polities and ends with the severance of colonial ties. It combines an overview of the political economy of the region over three centuries with a study of how social groups interacted among themselves and with imperial rule over time through accommodation and conflict. We pay special attention to comparisons and contrasts -- centers and frontiers of settlement, urban and rural life, indigenous and African populations, religion and transgression, Portuguese and Spanish models of rule -- and to long-term processes and implications of environmental change.
1656	HIS	314	S08-09	HA	Precolonial Africa	This course explores the rich history of Africa before colonial occupation during the 19th C.  It concentrates on people and civilizations indigenous to Africa, focusing on ancient civilizations as well as in the expanse of Islam and the Atlantic slave trade.  Travelers' accounts, epic and archaeological evidence reveal the diversity of African culture.
1657	HIS	332	S08-09	HA	The Mughals and their World	The Mughal Empire was one of the great empires of the early modern world known for its wealth and courtly splendor. At the height of their power, the Mughals controlled most of the Indian subcontinent. This class will explore Mughal sovereignty, political control, economic reform, spatial organization, and aesthetics. It will also re-examine the enduring narrative of Mughal imperial decline that frames conventional understandings of the rise of British colonialism in the Indian subcontinent in the late 18th century.  The lectures and readings for the course will draw on travel narratives, films, chronicles, and courtly literature.
1658	HIS	341	S08-09	HA	Between Resistance and Collaboration: The Second World War in Europe	In the broader context of conflict between fascism, communism, and liberal democracy, we shall examine various patterns and methods of occupation, collaboration, and resistance during World War II in Western and Eastern Europe.  The Holocaust of European Jewry and the technology of terror will be discussed.  We  will try to ascertain how elites and different social strata were affected by the impact of war and  occupation.  Students will be asked to read historical studies as well as personal narratives by eyewitnesses and participants.
1659	HIS	343	S08-09	HA	The Civilization of the Early Middle Ages	This course will survey the "Dark Ages" from the end of the Roman Empire to the end of the first millennium (ca. 400-1000 AD), often seen as a time of cultural and political decline, recently even labelled as the "end of civilization". The complex political and social landscape of the Roman Empire, however, had more to offer than just to end. This course will outline how early medieval people(s) in the successor states of the Roman Empire used its resources to form new communities and will suggest to understand the "Dark Ages" as a time of lively social and cultural experimentation, that created the social and political frameworks of Europe.
1660	HIS	354	S08-09	HA	Intellectual History of Europe since 1880	This course is an introduction to Modern Intellectual History.  It will examine the period from 1880-1960 focusing on several main trends and key figures.  Late nineteenth century authors like Nietzsche, Weber, and Freud will be examined against the backdrop of the classical social theories of Marx and Mill.  The era of totalitarianism after World War I will be examined with particular attention to Communism, Nazism (Carl Schmitt), and the debates over humanism and existentialism.  The course will conclude with discussions of thinkers during the Cold War including, Raphael Lemkin, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Hannah Arendt.
1661	HIS	366	S08-09	HA	Germany since 1806	This course sets German history in a comparative context of international politics, demonstrating how nationalism and national unity emerged as responses to the European state system in the first half of the 19th century, how after 1871 German problems in turn affected the world, and finally why after 1945 Germany should be so prominent in super-power politics.  It examines the origin of the German Revolution of 1989, and the place of Germany in the global order.
1662	HIS	367	S08-09	HA	English Constitutional History	To explore the development of institutions and theories of government in England from the Norman Conquest to about 1700.
1663	HIS	373	S08-09	HA	The New Nation	An interpretive survey of U.S. history from the ratification of the Constitution to the Compromise of 1850.  The course will emphasize intensive reading of documents and historical interpretations.  Two lectures and two precepts per week.
1664	HIS	377	S08-09	HA	Gilded Age & Progressive-Era U.S., 1877-1920	This course introduces students to major themes in the history of the emergence of modern American society and government. It covers 1877-1920, paying particular attention to such crucial post-Civil War developments as the modern business corporation and changing labor conditions; the transformative effects of industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and internal migration; the unsettling of traditional gender and racial arrangements; the origins of modern democracy and liberalism in labor organization, Populism and Progressivism; and U.S. participation in global politics through its colonial ventures and World War I.
1665	HIS	384	S08-09	HA	Gender and Sexuality in Modern America	This course examines the history of gender and sexuality across the 20th century, with emphasis on both regulation and resistance.  Topics include early homosexual subcultures; the commercialization of sex; reproduction and its limitation; sex, gender, and war; cold war sexual containment; the feminist movement; conservative backlash; AIDS politics; same-sex marriage; Hillary; and many others.
1666	HIS	385	S08-09	HA	The Role of Law in American Society	This course offers an opportunity to explore the social and cultural meanings of legal texts.  The focus is on methodology: on how to locate cases, statutes, treatises, trial records, and legal lives in their historical contexts, and on the differing ways historians have used legal texts as historical artifacts.  In the course of this course, students will be exposed to a number of differing and contending perspectives on American legal history.  It should offer students an opportunity to think broadly about the role of law in the wider culture and to try their hand at doing legal history.
1667	HIS	390	S08-09	HA	African American Women's History	This is a lecture course that explores the role and impact of African American women in U.S. history, beginning with the era of the Atlantic slave trade and proceeding up to the 21st century. It will address broad themes such as labor, family, community, sexuality, politics, popular culture, and religion.  It will examine the social, political, cultural, and economic diversity of black women. Students will engage primary and secondary texts, as well as audio and visual material.  The course will enhance critical thinking and writing skills.
1668	HIS	399	S08-09	HA	In the Groove: Technology and Music in American History, from Edison to the iPod	When Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, no one, including Edison, knew what to do with the device. Over the next century Americans would engage in an ongoing dialogue with this talking machine, defining and redefining its purpose. This course will track that trajectory, from business tool to scientific instrument to music recorder to musical instrument. By listening to the history of the phonograph, and by examining the desires and experiences of phonograph users, students will perceive more generally the complex relationships that exist between a technology and the people who produce, consume, and transform it.
1669	HIS	400	S08-09	HA	Junior Seminars	A special section of HIS 400 for sophomores intending to major in History and who will spend their fall term junior year abroad.  Normally required of all juniors in the fall term, the seminar serves to introduce majors  to the tools, methods and interpretations employed in historical research and writing.  This seminar will concentrate on readings of  daily life in historical perspective.
1670	HIS	411	S08-09	HA	War and Society in the Modern World	The interrelationship of war and society from the 18th century to the nuclear age.  Emphasis on the causes, conduct, and consequences of war.  Particular attention is given to the American Revolution, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, American Civil War, and World Wars I and II.
1671	HIS	425	S08-09	HA	The History of Sport	This course examines the history and evolution of sport in societies and cultures around the world. Themes of discussion include the earliest expressions of sport in ancient societies; sport and religion; sport and politics/nationalism; class division and conflict; racial tension and conflict; gender; professionalism and globalization. Class time is spent discussing, analyzing, interpreting and critiquing a variety of source material.
1672	HIS	430	S08-09	HA	Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe 1400-1800	This course explores problems in European visual culture arising from the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution.  This period saw major innovations in art theory and technique and also serious controversies about the role of vision in religious, scientific, and other practices.  These new developments powerfully disrupted assumptions about sight and seeing and raised questions about a wide range of visual experiences.   Topics to be considered include: the psychology of sight; perspectival and anamorphic art; optics and natural magic;  debates about religious images, visions, and miracles; witchcraft.
1673	HIS	465	S08-09	HA	Cultural History of East-Central Europe	The seminar will analyze the coming to maturity and establishment of modern national communities in East-Central Europe in the19th and 20th centuries. We will look at the process of selection and stabilization of basic cultural characteristics of East-Central European nation-states: language,  "ancestors,"  "original"  territory, and folklore. We will discuss the Romantic creation of national identities through the use of music, novels, and poetry, and the gradual coming to their own of the national cultures of Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bohemia, and Slovakia.
1674	HIS	473	S08-09	HA	The Spirit of American Capitalism	The seminar explores the relationship between culture and American economic life from the early 19th century to the present.  We ask what it is that Americans have identified as the spirit of capitalism, and probe their evaluations of capitalism's various virtues and vices.  Students read mostly primary sources, supplemented by the writings of historians.  Topics include among others the work ethic, slavery, the family, the corporation, finance, consumption, and the environment.
1675	HIS	490	S08-09	HA	Perspectives on the Nature and Development of Science	We examine the philosophy of science as it has evolved from the time of Descartes and Newton to the present day, and in particular its evolving interaction with developments both in modern science and in modern philosophy.  We will pay particular attention to changing conceptions of the relation between theory and evidence; the evolution of inductive and hypothetico-deductive methods; the role of mathematics in science; evolving relations between science and metaphysics; the emergence of conventionalist and positivist accounts of science; and the rise of logical empiricism and the reactions against it.
1676	HIS	504	S08-09		Colonial Latin America to 1810	This course is a starting point for further exploration of Latin America's colonial past, with an emphasis on Mexico and the comparative possibilities that fan out towards the Andes and to "marginal" regions. How historians have written and thought about this past has changed over the last two decades, with new concepts and topics coming to the fore. We will explore what these new trends involve, why some types of questions now seem more urgent than others, and what problems of past historiographical traditions still remain and deserve a new look. So our readings will include classics as well as more recent works that display new approaches.
1677	HIS	529	S08-09		Modern China	This seminar will examine the major historiographical and methodological issues in Chinese history for the modern period.  We will read and evaluate the most important historians and consider the issues that seem especially provocative or interesting.
1678	HIS	543	S08-09		The Origins of the Middle Ages	Reading and research on the transition of ancient into medieval society, religion, and culture are the focus of this course.
1679	HIS	548	S08-09		Counter Reformation, Catholic Reformation	An introduction to the topic of Early Modern Catholicism, both as Counter Reformation and Catholic Reformation.  Major themes will include popular piety, missionary activity beyond Europe, the growth of papal power, the reformation of clergy and laity, and the repression of heresy and dissent.
1680	HIS	554	S08-09		Germany in the 19th and 20th Centuries	Discussions of the major controversies in the interpretation of modern German history.  Was there a Jacobin movement in Germany? Did Germany follow a "peculiar path to modernity"? Other topics include 1848 as a social movement, the bases of German nationalism, Wilhelmine rule and the outbreak of war in 1914, the depression and the collapse of the Weimar Republic, the nature of the Nazi electorate and of the Nazi state, the Cold War and the division of Germany, Germany as "two states and one nation", and problems arising out of re-unification.
1681	HIS	555	S08-09		Early Modern European Intellectual Culture	Readings and research on selected topics, focusing on issues to do with contested forms of knowledge and belief and the debates about their truth and validity.  The major areas of enquiry will be religious thought, magic and demonology, and natural philosophy, and the readings include some of the most challenging recent contributions to early modern intellectual and cultural history.
1682	HIS	560	S08-09		Readings in Holocaust Historiography and Controversies	Introduction to the study of the Holocaust of European Jewry and controversies based on the historiography of the subject.
1683	HIS	561	S08-09		Seminar in European Cultural and Intellectual History: The 20th Century	This seminar will provide an introduction to recent theoretical debates and methodological approaches to 20th Century European intellectual and cultural history.  Its central focus will be on the legacy of Marx, Nietzsche, and Weber for the debates on "enlightenment" and "counter-enlightenment" during the first half of the century.  Among the thinkers we will be examining are: T.W. Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Martin Heidegger, Georg Lukacs, and Carl Schmitt.
1684	HIS	573	S08-09		Readings in American Legal History, 1607-1977	This course addresses the issues and methods in the study and interpretation of American legal history. Students may elect to take this as a research seminar.
1685	HIS	580	S08-09		Readings in U.S. Foreign Relations and International History        Foreign Relations and Internatio	Seminar examines modern U.S. foreign relations and international history from a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches.  Course surveys innovative recent scholarship in the field, some of which goes well beyond existing conceptions of foreign relations history, work informed by considerations of gender, race, ideology, culture, development, domestic politics, international relations theory, political economy and former Soviet bloc sources.
1686	HIS	583	S08-09		Readings in American Political History	An introduction to the field of U.S. political history.  Readings are divided into four primary areas of scholarship: institutions, public policy, social movements, and political culture.  Primary goal of the course is for students to come away with a strong working knowledge of the methodological and substantive trends in this revitalized field.
1687	HIS	590	S08-09		Readings in American History: World War I to the Present	The fourth in a sequence of core courses in United States history, designed as a comprehensive introduction to the literature and problems of American history since World War I.
1688	HLS	102	S08-09		Elementary Modern Greek II	To provide the basis for acquiring a command of written and spoken Modern Greek.
1689	HLS	107	S08-09		Advanced Modern Greek	Advanced composition and oral practice aimed at developing idiomatic written and spoken style. Discussions entirely in Greek.  Introduces students to contemporary Greek culture and literature through the study of works by Cavafy, Sikelianos, Seferis, Elytis, Ritsos, and Anagnostakis, among others.  Readings from articles on current Greek topics.  Four classes.
1690	HOS	596	S08-09		History of the Life Sciences: Biomedicine	The seminar focuses on the interface between biology and medicine in the modern period, leading up and including the coinage of "biomedicine" in World War II-era U.S.  We will examine how developments in biology were fundamentally related to medical education, research, or practice; how the development of laboratories recast the understanding of diseases and their etiologies; and how patients have been integrated into research regimes, both "basic" and clinical.
1691	HOS	599	S08-09		Special Topics in the History of Science: Biography	Biography is one of the most popular genres of historical writing, but tends to be treated dismissively within academic circles.  Using a variety of genres of biographical writing, this course explores both the potential advantages and limitations of biography as a mode of analyzing and presenting history.  Examples will mostly be drawn from biographies of scientists, although all of these genres are present in every field of historical inquiry.
1692	HUM	207	S08-09	LA	The Bible as Literature	The Bible will be read closely in its own right and as an enduring resource for literature and commentary. The course will cover its forms and genres, including historical narrative, uncanny tales, prophecy, lyric, lament, commandment, sacred biography, and apocalypse; its pageant of weird and extraordinary characters; and its brooding intertextuality. Students will become familiar with a wide variety of biblical interpretations, from the Rabbis to Augustine to Kafka and Kierkegaard. Cinematic commentary will be included--Bible films, from the campy to the sublime.
1693	HUM	218	S08-09	LA	Interdisciplinary Approaches to Western Culture II: Literature and the Arts	This team-taught double course is the second half of an intensive four-course, interdisciplinary introduction to Western culture that includes history, religion, philosophy, literature and the arts.  It examines European texts, events and artifacts from the Renaissance to the modern period.  Readings and discussions are complemented by films, concerts, museum visits and special events.  Although most students will have already taken 216 - 217,  it is possible for students to join at this point if they have a strong background in antiquity and the Middle Ages.
1694	HUM	219	S08-09	EC	Interdisciplinary Approaches to Western Culture II: History, Philosophy, and Religion	In combination with 218, this is the second half of a year-long interdisciplinary sequence exploring Western culture from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Students must register for [BOTH] HUM 218 [and] HUM 219. Prerequisite: 216-217 or instructor's permission.
1695	HUM	234	S08-09	EM	East Asian Humanities II: Tradition and Transformation	This is the second half of a two-semester sequence introducing the humanities in East Asia.  The course begins roughly around the fourteenth century and covers the arts, philosophy, religion and literature in China, Japan, and Korea.  Lectures are given by specialists in the departments of East Asian Studies, Comparative Literature, Art and Archaeology, and Religion.  Classes will be complemented by museum visits and performances.
1696	ISC	233	S08-09	ST	An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences II	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to physics and chemistry, drawing on examples from biological systems.  This year-long 4 course sequence is a multi-disciplinary course taught across 4 departments with the following faculty involved in teaching the course: W. Bialek , C. Callan (PHY); D. Botstein (MOL); O. Troyanskaya (COS); Staff (CHM).
1697	ISC	234	S08-09		An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences II	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to physics and chemistry, drawing on examples from biological systems.  This year-long 4 course sequence is a multi-disciplinary course taught across 4 departments with the following faculty involved in teaching the course: W. Bialek, C. Callan (PHY); D. Botstein (MOL); O. Troyanskaya (COS); Staff (CHM).
1698	ISC	236	S08-09		An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences IV	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, and evolution. This is the second course in the year-long multidisciplinary integrated science sequence.  Four faculty will be involved over the year: D. Botstein, E. Wieschaus (MOL), J. Rabinowitz (CHM), L. Kruglyak (EEB).
1699	ITA	102	S08-09		Beginner's Italian II	Further study of Italian grammar and syntax with increased emphasis on vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. Skills in speaking and writing (as well as understanding) modern Italian will also be further developed.  Some aspects of Italian culture and civilization will be touched upon.
1700	ITA	208	S08-09		Introduction to Italy Today	This course is designed to familiarize the student with major features of contemporary Italy and its culture.  Its purpose is to develop the student's ability to communicate effectively in present-day Italy.  The course emphasizes Italian social, political, and economic institutions, doing so through the analysis of cultural and social differences between Italians and Americans in such everyday concerns as money, work and leisure.
1701	ITA	303	S08-09	LA	Dante's "Inferno"	Intensive study of the "Inferno", with major attention paid to poetic elements such as structure, allegory, narrative technique, and relation to earlier literature, principally the Latin classics. Course conducted in Italian with highly interactive classes and preceptorials.
1702	ITA	312	S08-09	LA	Fascism in Italian Cinema	This course, conducted in English, is a study of Fascist ideology through selected films from World War II to the present. Topics include: the concept of Fascist normality; Racial Laws; the role of women; and the opposition of the intellectual left. Films include: Bertolucci's "The Conformist", Fellini's "Amarcord", Rossellini's "Rome Open City", Rosi's "The Truce", and Benigni's "Life is Beautiful".  The approach is interdisciplinary and combines the analysis of socio-historical themes with a cinematic reading of the films.
1703	ITA	318	S08-09	LA	History of the Italian Language	This course will deal with the development of the Italian language from the Early Middle Ages to the present.  Special attention will be given to the passage from Latin to Italian from the 10th to the 14th century; to the fundamental "Questione della lingua" in the 16th-century; the establishment of Italian literary language; the problems of Standard Italian versus dialects; and the influence of foreign languages (mainly American English) in the 20th and 21st century.
1704	ITA	1027	S08-09		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced Italian	Italian 102-7 is an intensive double credit course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Reading comprehension and oral proficiency as well as reading skills and grammatical accuracy will be developed through various activities.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will be familiarized with various cultural aspects of Italy through readings, cultural videos, and films.
1705	JDS	303	S08-09		Elementary Biblical Hebrew II	Students will achieve a basic ability to read the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in its original language. During the semester, students will continue studying grammar and developing vocabulary.  Upon completing the grammar textbook, students will read large passages from the Bible from all genres.
1706	JDS	315	S08-09	SA	The Family in Jewish Tradition	This seminar will examine the historic flexibility and variability of the Jewish family in the context of selected times and places: Biblical period, early Common Era Diaspora, 20th Century Europe, contemporary United States and Israel. The major emphasis in this course will be on the different protocols and forms that may collectively be called the "Jewish Family."
1707	JDS	316	S08-09	EM	The Ten Commandments in Modern America	In contemporary America, few issues are as hotly debated as religion, especially when it comes to the Ten Commandments.   Drawing on literature and the media (both old and new), the arts and the law, this course contextualizes and historicizes the current debate, which has reached all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.  It explores the variety of ways in which this ancient text has left its mark on America of the 20th and 21st centuries.
1708	JDS	345	S08-09	HA	The Laws of Moses	What are the laws of Moses?  What did they mean in their original context? How do they measure against laws in the world around them?  This course will look at such laws and institutions as sacrifice, slavery, eye-for-an-eye, sabbath, dietary laws, and more; as well as their literary representation and its significance.
1709	JDS	386	S08-09	HA	God and Creation in Ancient Judaism	This seminar will be a close study of the variety of textual sources dealing with the subject of creation and cosmology in Hellenistic and especially rabbinic Judaism, and also selected early Christian materials (with ancient Jewish sediments).  Traditions will be examined exegetically, with an emphasis on comparative intra-cultural and interdisciplinary analysis.
1710	JDS	399	S08-09	HA	Modern Israel	This course examines the formation and development of modern Israel, following the transition in Israel from a conformist society dominated by Zionist ideology to a society seriously questioning its values, ideals, and norms.  It will focus on these changes in a wide range of sources: political and diplomatic, cultural, literary, cinematic, and more.  The course will focus on the role of: the ideological origins of Zionist ideology; the Holocaust; the Arab-Jewish conflict; the Ashkenazi-Mizrahi; and the secular-religious divide on the development of contemporary Israeli society.
1711	JPN	102	S08-09		Elementary Japanese II	Continuation of JPN 101, which emphasizes the basic four skills to achieve survival proficiency level.
1712	JPN	107	S08-09		Intermediate Japanese II	The course aims at a thorough mastery of modern colloquial Japanese by consistent review and reinforcement of major grammatical points covered in JPN 101, 102, and 105.  It is also intended to give students advanced vocabulary and expressions through aural-oral drills, readings, and written exercises.  Emphasis will increasingly be on reading, but oral work will still comprise fundamental aspect of the course.
1713	JPN	302	S08-09		Advanced Japanese II	The course is designed to further students proficiency in four skills aiming at ACTFL-ETS advanced level.
1714	JPN	306	S08-09		Integrative Advanced Japanese II	Four skills approach to advanced Japanese with a focus on reading, writing, speaking and listening.
1715	JPN	402	S08-09		Readings in Modern Japanese II	One or two short novels will be used to read  for critical thinking.  Reading is under focus but speaking, listening and writing (including translation) are intensively practiced. This course is designed to help students develop critical thinking through reading and discussing Japanese novels.
1716	JPN	404	S08-09		Readings in Classical Japanese	Selections from outstanding works of Classical Japanese prose and verse from Nara to early Showa period, particularly in the genres of history, philosophy, and poetry. Text: Manyoshu, Tale of Heike, Tamakatsuma etc.
1717	JRN	240	S08-09	LA	Creative Non-Fiction	This is a course in factual writing and what has become known as literary nonfiction, emphasizing writing assignments and including several reading assignments from the work of John McPhee and others. Enrollment is limited to 16 second-year students, by application only.
1718	JRN	440	S08-09	LA	The Literature of Fact: The Critic at Large:  Writing about Culture	Cultural reporters must draw on a wide knowledge of the arts and the social landscape, and must combine objective skills of description and investigation with the ability to muster a strong and well-argued opinion.  This course will exercise all of these requirements through a close reading of model essays and articles, and through writing in a variety of genres: cultural memoir, profile, political "op-ed" piece, arts reporting, and arts criticism (books, painting/photography, theater/dance and film).
1719	JRN	445	S08-09	SA	Investigative Journalism: The Journalism of Accountability	In an age of public relations, investigative journalism tells truths that its subjects try to conceal. This seminar concentrates on penetrating the walls erected by public and private institutions to conceal what they do. It examines techniques of discovery, verification, and narrative writing. Through units on interviewing, observation, quotation and reconstruction, students will learn how to immerse themselves in a subject while maintaining enough distance to report it critically.
1720	JRN	447	S08-09	SA	Politics and the Media: Linking Science Journalism to Politics and Economics	Topics related to health or the environment are typically left to science reporters who often miss important societal dimensions.  Many "science stories" - from global warming to bird flu pandemics to health care reform - have profound effects on politics and the world economy.  We will look at how science journalists and mainstream journalists cover various topics to see what is gained and lost with each approach.  There will be guest lecturers from both sides.
1721	JRN	449	S08-09	SA	International News: Writing About War	This course will teach students how to extract gripping and precise narratives from the fog of war, and how to cover with perspective the diffuse political decision-making that leads to war. We will learn about the mechanics of covering conflict. We will read journalistic, literary and philosophical accounts of war. Students will produce original reported narrative journalism, culminating in a piece of reporting they may try to place for publication.
1722	JRN	452	S08-09		Journalism on the Screen: New Media Studio:  Interactive Journalism in a Digital Age	We will examine how the media works (or doesn't) and how to make it work better. We will then test our ideas by experimenting with audio, video, photography, blogs, and other kinds of interactive journalism to enhance story telling in an era when many people are getting their news through the screen rather than the page. Students will have an opportunity to create models for the journalism of the future.
1723	KOR	102	S08-09		Elementary Korean II	A continuation of KOR 101.  Continued develoment of proficiency in basic communication.  Students who complete KOR 102 with excellence may be recommended for KOR 301.
1724	KOR	107	S08-09		Intermediate Korean II	A continuation of KOR 105.  Continued development of four skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) in Korean.  Complex grammatical structures and irregularities will be taught while the basics are reviewed. Idiomatic expressions will be introduced; journals will be kept for writing practice.
1725	KOR	302	S08-09		Advanced Korean II	A continuation of KOR 301. Continued development of proficiency in speaking and reading through class discussion and short readings. Vocabulary learning and discourse skills are emphasized.
1726	KOR	402	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Korean Language and Culture II	Reading and discussion of Korean thoughts and issues in contemporary Korea. Readings drawn from a variety of cultural and historical topics. Class discussions will be conducted in Korean.
1727	LAS	402	S08-09	HA	Latin American Studies Seminar: Distant Dialogues: Cuban Literature of the Diaspora	Analyzes contemporary fiction and non-fiction by Cuban authors living outside Cuba. Though many of them nostalgically revisit their experience in the island, they tend to surpass the frontal critic of recent Cuban history and a clear intention of overcoming the national referential frame; the works either resort to allegorical approaches or establish fruitful dialogues with their current foreign surroundings. These authors turn to allegory and fables, thus their approaches are more oblique. Though a narrative, the Cuban situation is never mentioned directly, nor portrayed in a conventional or realistic way.
1728	LAT	102	S08-09		Beginner's Latin Continued: Basic Prose	Continues Latin grammar from LAT 101.  The second half of the semester will be devoted to reading continuous Latin poetry and prose.
1729	LAT	103	S08-09		Latin: An Intensive Introduction	This is an intensive introduction to the Latin language:  Latin 103 covers the material of Latin 101-102 in a shorter time through increased class time and drills.  Students completing the course will be prepared to take Latin 105.
1730	LAT	108	S08-09		The Origins of Rome: Livy and Vergil	We will read selections from Cicero and Vergil, the masters of prose and poetry respectively in the age of Caesar and Augustus.  Our objectives are: to develop the ability to read Latin with greater ease and enjoyment; to improve sight-reading skills; to experience the artistry of Latin prose and poetry; and to examine some of the questions associated with the Romans' interpretation of their history.
1731	LAT	204	S08-09	HA	Seminar: The World of Pliny's Letters	A reading course in Pliny's letters.  We will learn to read Latin prose fluently and explore the political, social, and cultural world of an early second century AD Roman senator.
1732	LAT	335	S08-09	LA	Roman Literature: Selected Author or Authors: Lucan's Civil War	Violent, controversial and unlike any other Latin epic, Lucan's poem offers the perspective of a 20-something friend and rival of Nero on one of the most traumatic events in Roman history, the civil war between Caesar and Pompey.  The author's training in stoic philosophy and rhetoric combine with the anxious historical perspective of the time to create a work that challenges and rivals the Aeneid as a vision of Rome's destiny.  We will read approximately 3 books of the poem in Latin, and the complete work in English.
1733	LAT	338	S08-09	LA	Latin Prose Fiction	To study the two surviving novels in classical Latin, Petronius' "Satyricon" and Apuleius' "Metamorphoses", as works of literary genius, as major influences in Western fiction, and as documents of contemporary society.
1734	LIN	201	S08-09	EC	Introduction to Language and Linguistics	The eyes may be the mirror of the soul, but language is the mirror of the mind.  Linguists study the structure of language to understand the complex computations that we do unconsciously every time we speak or comprehend utterances.  An introduction to the scientific analysis of human language, including the study of sound patterns, word formation, sentence structure, language universals, and the mental representation of linguistic knowledge.
1735	LIN	204	S08-09	EC	The Chomskyan Revolution	Noam Chomsky's linguistic theory has revolutionized our understanding of the nature of human language.  This course examines the core concepts of this theory, its development over half a century, and its implications for philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology.  Other topics include the controversy over Darwinian acounts of the origin of language (e.g. Steven Pinker) and the connection between Chomsky's views on human language and his broader views on human nature and the organization of society.
1736	LIN	215	S08-09	EC	Linguistics and Language Acquisition	We investigate the development of language from infancy to adulthood, focusing on the hypothesis that major parts of the language system are learned rather than innate.  The class examines naturalistic and experiemntal data about the acquisition of phonology, syntax  semantics in light of current linguistic themes.
1737	LIN	302	S08-09	EC	Syntax	An introduction to the syntax of human languages -- the universal principles and mechanisms of sentence construction.  Focus is on the structure of English with some side-trips to other languages.  Designed for students interested in a scientific approach to human language and/or a better understanding of the structure of language.
1738	LIN	303	S08-09	EC	Linguistic Semantics	An introduction to central issues and leading theories of linguistic semantics for natural languages.  Analysis of specific linguistic phenomena (including: anaphora, quantification, and tenses) will be used to illustrate the interaction of syntax and semantics, the relation between language and the world, and the role of linguistic meaning in communication and understanding.
1739	LIN	306	S08-09	EC	The Structure and Meaning of Words	The course will treat the structure of words and the structure of the overall lexicon for human languages.  Topics included will be: the rules of word formation; the relation between syntax and the lexicon; the psychology of the lexicon, including an examination of studies of the storage and access of lexical items; the semantics of complex words; the phonology of word formation; lexical redundancy and the learning of the lexicon.  Students will prepare one short class presentation on a topics in consultation with the instructor.
1740	MAE	206	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Engineering Dynamics	Formulation and solution of equations governing the dynamic behavior of engineering systems.  Fundamental principles of Newtonian mechanics.  Two and three dimensional kinematics and kinetics of particles and rigid bodies.  Motion relative to moving reference frames.  Impulse-momentum and work-energy relations.  Free and forced vibrations of mechanical systems.  Introduction to dynamic analysis of mechanical devices and systems.
1741	MAE	222	S08-09		Mechanics of Fluids	Introduction to the physical and analytical description of phenomena associated with the flow of fluids.  Topics include the principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy; lift and drag; open channel flow; dynamic similitude; laminar and turbulent flow.
1742	MAE	224	S08-09	ST	Integrated Engineering Science Laboratory	Students will conduct a series of prepared experiments throughout the year that will culminate in an independent project of the students' design involving fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and data acquisition tools.  Preliminary experiments focus on pressure and Bernoulli's equation.  Concepts learned will be applied in subsequent labs involving expanding flows and lift and drag measurements.  Experiments will include internal and external viscous flows.  Digital electronics including combinatorial and sequential logic, analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, digital telemetry.  Coupled oscillators will be covered.
1743	MAE	244	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Biomedical Innovation and Global Health	The course will focus on introductory biomedical innovation in three specific areas: Biomedical Implants; Nanotechnology and BioMEMS for Cancer Detection and Treatment; and Ceramic Water Filters for Water Purification.  Topics will include basic concepts in cell and molecular biology, as well as fundamentals of materials science and bioengineering.  The course will demonstrate how biomedical innovation has had an impact on global health and enterprise in the developed and the developing world.
1744	MAE	305	S08-09	QR	Mathematics in Engineering I	A treatment of the theory of ordinary differential equations.  The objective is to provide the student with an ability to solve standard problems in this field.
1745	MAE	306	S08-09		Mathematics in Engineering II	The course is an introduction to partial differential equations with emphasis on their solution by separation of variables and transform methods.  The material covered includes solution of two point boundary value problems and Sturm-Liouville theory.  Additionally, the course will introduce the theory of complex variables leading to its application for evaluating integrals by methods of contour integration, and using conformal mapping techniques to solve harmonic problems.
1746	MAE	322	S08-09		Mechanical Design	This course builds on the technical foundations established in MAE 321, and extends the scope to include a range of advanced mechanism design.  Students, working in teams, will be challenged to design and fabricate a robotic system that will draw upon multidisciplinary engineering elements. The robot will be used to facilitate common daily tasks.  The selected tasks vary each year. CAD, CAE, and CAM will be utilized in the design/simulation/prototype process. Labs are designed to reinforce and expand CAD and CAE skills. A final public competition will be held among the design teams. Judges from relevant industries will be present.
1747	MAE	328	S08-09		Energy for a Greenhouse-Constrained World	This course addresses, in technical detail, the challenge of changing the future global energy system to accommodate constraints on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Energy production strategies are emphasized, including renewable energy, nuclear fission and fusion, the capture and storage of fossil-fuel carbon, and hydrogen and low-carbon fuels.  Efficient energy use is also considered, as well as intersections of energy with economic development, international security, local environmental quality, and human behavior and values. Two 90-minute lectures.  Prerequisites: Freshmen level physics
1748	MAE	332	S08-09		Aircraft Design	This course discusses methods for the design of aircraft.  Topics in aerodynamics, and structural design are emphasized in the context of a design project.  Students will be required to complete a design project to fulfill the requirements of this class.
1749	MAE	340	S08-09		Independent Work	Student selects subject and advisor - defines problem to be studied and proposes work plan.  A list of possible subjects of particular interest to faculty and staff members is provided.  Written report and poster session at end of semester to faculty, staff, fellow students and guests.  Independent work is intended for juniors or seniors doing only a one term project.  339 Fall Term project; 340 Spring Term project.
1750	MAE	340D	S08-09		Independent Work with Design	Course similar to MAE 339-340.  Principal difference is that the project must incorporate aspects and principals of design for a system, product, vehicle, device, apparatus, or other design element.  Written report and poster session at end of semester to faculty, staff, fellow students and guests.  Independent work with design is intended for juniors or seniors doing only a one term project.  339D Fall Term project; 340D Spring Term project.
1751	MAE	344	S08-09		Introduction to Bioengineering and Medical Devices	An introduction to the fundamental concepts required for the design and function of implantable medical devices, including basic applications of materials, chemistry and biology to bone/implant systems.  The class will discuss the interfaces between cells and the surfaces of synthetic biomaterials, and biosensors for disease detection.  An introduction to bio-nanotechnology will also be presented.  Classroom sessions will be complemented by lab demonstrations and seminars by outside lecturers.
1752	MAE	412	S08-09		Microprocessors for Measurement and Control	Introduction to microcomputers for measurement and control.  This is a hardware course in the area of electro mechanical systems. Students design and build microcomputer controllers and apply them to the automation of various aspects of a model railroad.
1753	MAE	426	S08-09		Rocket and Air-Breathing Propulsion Technology	The study of principles, flight envelopes, and engine designs of rocket and ram/scramjet propulsion systems.  Topics include jet propulsion theory, space mission maneuver, combustion control, and system components of chemical and non-chemical rockets (nuclear and electrical propulsion), gas turbine, ramjet, and scramjet engines.  Characteristics, optimal flight envelopes, and technical challenges of combined propulsion systems will be analyzed.
1754	MAE	427	S08-09		Energy Conversion and the Environment: Transportation Applications	This course will develop an overview of energy utilization in and environmental impacts of current and future propulsion systems for ground, air, and space propulsion applications.  Principles of advanced internal combustion, electric hybrid, and fuel cell energy conversion systems for ground transportation will be introduced.  Relevant thermodynamics, chemistry, fluid mechanics, and combustion fundamentals will be stressed, and performance properties of power plants, control of air pollutant emissions, and minimization of resource-to application carbon emissions will be explored.
1755	MAE	433	S08-09		Automatic Control Systems	To develop an understanding of feedback principles in the control of physical systems and to gain experience in analyzing and designing control systems.
1756	MAE	440	S08-09		Senior Project	The senior project is a year long independent study intended for students who choose to work in teams of two or more.  Work begins in the fall, but enrollment is only in spring term when a double grade is awarded. Groups develop their own topic or select a topic from a list of topics prepared by the faculty.  Groups develop a work plan and select an advisor and a second reader for their work.  A written progress report is expected at the end of the fall term. Groups submit a written final report and make an oral presentation to faculty, staff, fellow students, and guests at the end of the spring term.
1757	MAE	440D	S08-09		Senior Project with Design	Similar to 440 with the principal difference that the team or group project must incorporate aspects and principals of design, whether for a system, product, vehicle, device, software, or apparatus.  The year-long senior project with design may be used to satisfy a portion of  the department's design requirement.
1758	MAE	442	S08-09		Senior Thesis	The senior thesis is an independent study for individual students. Work begins in the fall, but enrollment is only in spring term when a double grade is awarded.  Students develop their own topic or select a topic from a list of topics prepared by the faculty.  Students develop a work plan and select an advisor and a second reader for their work.  A written progress report is expected at the end of the fall term. Students submit a written final report and make an oral presentation to faculty, staff, fellow students, and guests at the end of the spring term.
1759	MAE	442D	S08-09		Senior Thesis with Design	Similar to 442 with the principal difference that the thesis must incorporate aspects and principals of design, whether for a system, product, vehicle, device, software, or apparatus.  The year-long senior thesis with design may be used to satisfy a portion of the department's design requirement.
1760	MAE	456	S08-09		Global Technology	An introduction to key ideas in science, technology, humanities, and social sciences that are relevant to global development.  The course will highlight essential needs in the rural environment and consider how to develop environmentally-friendly scientific and technology solutions to satisfy these needs.  The course will also examine the potential role of global technology in the development of rural and urban areas within the developing world.  Morning lectures will be followed by field activities and group projects.  The course will be taught at the Mpala Center as part of the Tropical Biology Program in Kenya.
1761	MAE	502	S08-09		Mathematical Methods of Engineering Analysis II	A complementary presentation of theory, analytical methods, and numerical methods.  The objective is to impart a set of capabilities commonly used in the research areas represented in the Department and more broadly in engineering and the physical and biological sciences.  Standard computational packages will be made available in the courses, and assignments will be designed to use them.  Topics will include Complex variables, PDE, Fourier and Laplace Transforms, and a brief introduction to numerical methods.
1762	MAE	514	S08-09		Master of Engineering Independent Project II	Continuation of MAE 513.  Directed study for Master of Engineering students.  The topic is proposed by the student and must be approved by the student's research advisor and have received approval from the MAE Graduate Committee.
1763	MAE	522	S08-09		Applications of Quantum Mechanics to Spectroscopy and Lasers	An intermediate-level course in applications of quantum mechanics to modern spectroscopy. The course begins with quite elementary introduction to quantum mechanics as a "tool" for atomic and molecular spectroscopy, followed by a higher level of study of atomic and molecular spectra, radiative, and collisional transitions using intensily QM 'tools".  The final chapters are dedicated to plasma and flame spectroscopic and laser diagnostics.
1764	MAE	532	S08-09		Combustion Theory	Theoretical aspects of combustion: the conservation equations of chemically-reacting flows; activation energy asymptotics; chemical and dynamic structures of laminar premixed and nonpremixed flames; aerodynamics and stabilization of flames; pattern formation and geometry of flame surfaces; ignition, extinction, and flammability phenomena; turbulent combustion; boundary layer combustion; droplet, particle, and spray combustion; and detonation and flame stabilization in supersonic flows.
1765	MAE	545	S08-09		Nonlinear Control	Nonlinear control of dynamical systems, with an emphasis on the geometric approach. The course gives an introduction to differential geometry, nonlinear controllability and constructive controllability, nonlinear observability, state-space transformations and stability, followed by study of a selection of nonlinear control design methods, including techniques motivated by geometric mechanics.
1766	MAE	546	S08-09		Optimal Control and Estimation	An introduction to stochastic optimal control theory and application. It reviews mathematical foundations and explores parametric optimization, conditions for optimality, constraints and singular control, numerical optimization, and neighboring-optimal solutions. Least-squares estimates, propagation of state estimates and uncertainty, and optimal filters and predictors; optimal control in the presence of uncertainty; certainty equivalence and the linear-quadratic-Gaussian regulator problem; frequency-domain solutions for linear multivariable systems; and robustness of closed-loop control are all studied.
1767	MAE	552	S08-09		Viscous Flows and Boundary Layers	An introduction to the mechanics of viscous flows.  The kinematics and dynamics of viscous flows.  Some solutions of the Navier Stokes equations.  The behavior of vorticity.  The boundary layer approximation.  The laminar boundary layer with and without pressure gradient.  Separation.  Integral relations and approximate methods.  Compressible laminar boundary layers.  Introduction to instability and transition.  Turbulent free shear flows.  Turbulent boundary layers.  Effects of Reynolds number.  Bluff body flows.
1768	MAE	598	S08-09		Graduate Seminar in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering	A seminar of graduate students and staff presenting the results of their research and recent advances in flight, space, and surface transportation; fluid mechanics; energy conversion; propulsion; combustion; environmental studies; applied physics; and materials sciences. There is one seminar per week and participation at presentations by distinguished outside speakers.
1769	MAT	102	S08-09	QR	Calculus	Continuation of MAT 101.  Methods of integration, computing areas and volumes, infinite series, etc.  MAT 102 is slower paced and less in-depth than MAT 103, although the same basic topics are covered.
1770	MAT	104	S08-09	QR	Calculus	The object of the course is mastery of the calculus of one variable and skill in solving calculus problems with understanding and efficiency.
1771	MAT	200	S08-09	QR	Linear Algebra and Multivariable Calculus for Economists	Systems of linear equations, Gaussian elimination, matrices, and determinants.  Differential multivariable calculus.  Constrained optimization, and the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
1772	MAT	201	S08-09	QR	Multivariable Calculus	Vectors in the plane and in the space, vector functions and motion, surfaces, coordinate systems, functions of two or three variables and their derivatives, maxima and minima and applications, double and triple integrals, vector fields and Stoke's theorem.
1773	MAT	202	S08-09	QR	Linear Algebra with Applications	Euclidean spaces, vector spaces, systems of linear equations, matrices and linear transformations, determinants, orthogonality, Eigen values and applications to systems of differential equations, symmetric matrices and Quadratic forms.
1774	MAT	203	S08-09	QR	Advanced Multivariable Calculus	This course is an introduction to multivariable calculus and its applications.  Its goal is to cover the fundamental results of Vector Calculus known as Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' theorems, and to show how to use them to solve problems.  We attempt to explain the theory behind the techniques so that "WHY" they work is understood.  The level of rigor is midway between MAT 201 and 217.  The course is designed for science and engineering students with a good mathematical aptitude and for mathematicians with applied math interests.
1775	MAT	204	S08-09	QR	Advanced Linear Algebra with Applications	This is the linear algebra part of the MAT 203-204 sequence, which is harder and more theoretical than the 201-202 sequence.
1776	MAT	214	S08-09	QR	Numbers, Equations, and Proofs	An introduction to classical number theory, to prepare for higher-level courses in the department.  Topics include Pythagorean triples and sums of squares, unique factorization, Chinese remainder theorem, arithmetic of Gaussian integers, finite fields and cryptography, arithmetic functions and quadratic reciprocity.  There will be a topic, chosen by the instructor, from more advanced or more applied number theory:  possibilities include p-adic numbers, cryptography, and Fermat's Last Theorem. This course is suitable both for students preparing to enter the Mathematics Department and for non-majors interested in exposure to higher mathematics.
1777	MAT	215	S08-09	QR	Analysis in a Single Variable	The rigorous epsilon-delta treatment of limits, convergence, and uniform convergence of sequences and series.  Continuity, uniform continuity, and differentiability of functions.  The Heine-Borel Theorem. The Rieman integral, conditions for integrability of a function and term by term differentiation and integration of series of functions, Taylor's Theorem.
1778	MAT	217	S08-09	QR	Honors Linear Algebra	Rigorous introduction to linear algebra and matrices, with emphasis on proofs rather than on applications.
1779	MAT	218	S08-09	QR	Analysis in Several Variables	Rigorous introduction to calculus in several variables.
1780	MAT	306	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Graph Theory	This course will cover the fundamental theorems and algorithms of graph theory. The main topics are: connectivity, matchings, graph coloring, planarity, the four-color theorem, extremal problems, network flows, and related algorithms.
1781	MAT	307	S08-09		Combinatorial Mathematics	307 introduces students to Combinatorics, a fundamental mathematical discipline as well as an essential component of many mathematical areas.  While in the past many of the basic combinatorial results were obtained by ingenuity and detailed reasoning, modern theory has grown out of this early stage and relies on deep, well-developed tools.  The course covers over a dozen virtually independent topics including Ramsey Theory, Turan Theorem and Extremal Graph Theory, Probabilistic Arguments, Algebraic Methods and Spectral Techniques, chosen to illustrate several such techniques.  This is a fun course, showcasing the gems of modern Combinatorics.
1782	MAT	308	S08-09		Theory of Games	The mathematical concept of a game is an abstraction which encompasses conflict-cooperation situations in which strategy (not just chance) plays a role.  Central topics of the theory and some of its applications will be discussed.
1783	MAT	314	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Real Analysis	Introduction to real analysis, Lebesgue theory of measure and integration on the line and n-dimensional space, introduction to Fourier Series.
1784	MAT	317	S08-09	QR	Complex Analysis with Applications	Calculus of functions of one complex variable, power series expansions, residues, and conformal mapping.  Although the theory will be given adequate treatment, the emphasis of this course is the use of complex analysis as a tool for solving problems.
1785	MAT	323	S08-09	QR	Algebra	Algebra & Applications:  To develop curiousity about algebraic structures by exploring examples that connect to higher mathematics and to applications in computer science, the natural sciences and  electrical engineering.  This is an undergrad course for sophomores and juniors  The only prereq. is a solid understanding of linear algebra.  There will be opportunities for a student to explore an advanced topic in great depth, possibly for a junior project.
1786	MAT	325	S08-09	QR	Topology	An introduction to point set topology, the fundamental group, covering spaces, methods of calculation and applications.
1787	MAT	328	S08-09	QR	Differential Geometry	Differential geometry is at the basis of modern physical theories, not only of general relativity, Einstein's geometric theory of gravitation, but also of the gauge theories of electromagnetic and nuclear interactions. The aim of the course is to develop a working knowledge of the fundamental concept of differential geometry and of their physical realizations.
1788	MAT	330	S08-09		Analysis I: Fourier Series and Partial Differential Equations	Basic facts about Fourier series, Fourier transforms, and applications to the classical partial differential equations will be covered.  Also Fast Fourier Transforms, finite Fourier series, Dirichlet characters, and applications to properties of primes.
1789	MAT	332	S08-09		Analysis III: Integration Theory and Hilbert Space	The theory of Lebesgue integration in n-dimensional space.  Differentiation theory.  Hilbert space theory and applications to Fourier transforms, and partial differential equations.  Introduction to fractals.
1790	MAT	342	S08-09	QR	Numerical Methods	Introduction to numerical methods with emphasis on algorithms, applications and computer implementation issues.  Solution of nonlinear equations.  Numerical differentiation, integration, and interpolation.  Direct and iterative methods for solving linear systems.  Numerical solutions of differential equations, two-point boundary value problems.  Topics in approximation theory.  Lectures are supplemented with numerical examples using MATLAB.
1791	MAT	390	S08-09	QR	Probability Theory	Sequence of independent trials, apps. to number theory & analysis, Monte Carlo method. Markov chains, ergodic theorem for Markov chains. Entropy and McMillan theorem. Random walks, re- and non-recurrence; connection with linear difference equations. Strong laws of large numbers, random series & products. Weak convergence of probability measures, weak Helly theorems, Fourier transforms of distributions. Limit theorems of probability theory, percolation theory
1792	MAT	451	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Analysis	This course will be an introductory yet thoroughly rigorous introduction to Lorentzian Geometry and General Relativity.  It is expected that students will have some familiarity with Riemannian Geometry.
1793	MAT	453	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Algebra	Topics in algebra selected from such areas as the analytic and algebraic theory of numbers and algebraic geometry.
1794	MAT	454	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Algebra: Introduction to Homological Algebra	The course will be devoted to an introduction to algebraic geometry over an arbitrary ground ring, with emphasis on the study of sheaves of modules on quite general schemes. The text will be the book "Algebraic Geometry" by Hartshorne.  Students will be assumed familiar with the first chapter of the book.      Prerequisites of the course:  A knowledge of algebra at the MAT 322 level, 324 (rings, modules, Galois theory) and a familiarity with basic algebraic number theory (number fields, their integer rings, unique factorization of ideals).
1795	MAT	455	S08-09		Advanced Topics in Geometry	This course will address topics in Lagrangian dynamics and related questions in the theory of partial differential equations.  The main focus of the course will be Albert Fathi's "weak KAM theorem" and related notions, following Fathi's forthcoming book.  Applications for dynamical systems and perhaps other subjects (optimal transport, viscosity solutions of partial differential equations) will be discussed.
1796	MAT	520	S08-09		Introduction to Geometry	TBA.
1797	MAT	526	S08-09		Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces	Harmonic analysis, several complex variables, and sub-elliptic operators.  This course will deal with the applications of singular integrals and their variants to problems related to complex analysis.
1798	MAT	528	S08-09		Fourier Analysis on Groups	Group representations, Fourier analysis and potential theory on symmetric spaces, analogues of singular integrals and pseudodifferential operators in the noncommutative case, and applications to several complex variables are studied.
1799	MAT	552	S08-09		Riemannian Geometry	Continuation of Fall 2007.
1800	MAT	556	S08-09		Analytical Methods in Algebraic Geometry	Continuation of Fall 2007.
1801	MAT	558	S08-09		Topics in Geometry: Introduction to Complex (K\"ahler) Geometry	TBA
1802	MAT	564	S08-09		Dynamical Systems	Topics in differential dynamical systems, singularities of mappings, structures on manifolds, and related areas.
1803	MAT	566	S08-09		Algebraic Methods in Topology	We continue investigation of problems in finite groups acting on finite dimensional spaces.  We begin with an account of Rim's Theorem on the relation of cohomological triviality and projectivity for modules, using Tate cohomology.  We then apply these results to construction of examples with many intersting and unusual properties, particularly for actions on products of spheres.  Later, we consider the problem of the free p-rank of symmetry of products of spheres, and try to extend Carlsson's theorem to some new cases.
1804	MAT	570	S08-09		Gauge Theory and Low Dimensional Topology	Continuation of Fall Semester 2006
1805	MAT	572	S08-09		Low Dimensional Topology	Continuation of Fall Semester 2007
1806	MAT	595	S08-09		Topics in Discrete Mathematics: Discrete Math	This course will survey the theory of combinatorial optimization.  Some familiarity with basic graph theory will be assumed.  For more details, check course posting or contact leclair@princeton.edu.
1807	MED	412	S08-09	LA	Topics in Medieval Studies: The North and the Medieval Imagination	The literature of medieval Iceland includes the saga, one of the most fully developed narrative forms in early European literature, and striking sorts of poetry that invent the cosmos, warn, and teach.  Through these Icelandic texts, we'll investigate how history is told and imagined--as a record of events, as an intricately worked out story, as cultural argument.  We will also study medieval works from the British Isles whose mutually illuminating qualities will provoke us to analyze the textual connections among these entangled cultures of the North.
1808	MOL	205	S08-09	SA	Genes, Health, and Society	What should students know about their genes (and genomes)? Today, the field of Human Genetics is explored and debated like no other. To understand the medical applications and ethical implications of Human Genetics, one must grasp its scientific foundations. We will approach these topics using: lectures, textbook, journal and newspaper readings, precept discussions, and patient interviews. We will consider the following subjects: gene structure and function; the genetics and genomics of populations and of selected human disorders (cancer, mental illness, metabolic diseases); and clinical genetics (inheritance patterns, diagnosis, treatment).
1809	MOL	214	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Biology	Important concepts and elements of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, are examined in the context of classic experiments.  During the last four weeks of the semester, the class will split into topic-based sections taught by different faculty members in the following areas: cell biology, biochemistry, genomics, neurobiology, microbiology, and development.  Students will choose to concentrate in 2 of the 6 sections.  This course is strongly recommended for students intending to major in the biological sciences and satisfies the biology requirement for entrance into medical school.
1810	MOL	328	S08-09	SA	U.S. Medical Research and Researchers: Preeminence, Problems, Policies	Medical research aims to improve and maintain human health. Accordingly, researchers employ such strategies as understanding biology, defining disease mechanisms, and developing ways to prevent, treat, or cure. Today, the U.S. is the preeminent global power in medical research  through interactions among government, academia, and industry. This course will trace the evolution of this country's research enterprise, describe its diverse cultures, focus on its greatest achievements (and achievers), and identify a number of challenges confronting it currently. How the U.S. copes with these challenges will influence the future of world health.
1811	MOL	340	S08-09		Molecular and Cellular Immunology	A broad survey of the field of immunology and the mammalian immune system.  The cellular and molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity will be discussed in detail.  The course will provide frequent exemplars drawn from human biology in health and disease.
1812	MOL	348	S08-09	STX	Cell and Developmental Biology	The mechanisms that underlie development of multicellular organisms, from C. elegans to humans, will be examined using biochemical, genetic and cell biological approaches. The course will investigate the roles that gene regulation, cell-cell communication, cell adhesion, cell motility, signal transduction and intracellular trafficking play in the commitment, differentiation and assembly of cells into specialized tissues.
1813	MOL	350	S08-09	ST	Laboratory in Molecular Biology	The major objective of the course is to introduce students to a variety of tools required to conduct independent research in the field of molecular biology.  While completing original research, students will employ a number of techniques that are used by molecular biologists, molecular geneticists, and biochemists.  Upon completion of the course, students should have gained an understanding of how, when and why certain techniques and skills are used in a research setting. In addition, students will learn to write a research report modeled on the scientific literature.
1814	MOL	425	S08-09	SA	Infection: Biology, Burden, Policy	This course will examine fundamental determinants of human microbe interaction at the biological and ecological aspects. The focus will be on major global infectious diseases, their burden of illness, and policy challenges for adequate prevention and control. Each infectious agent will be discussed in terms of its mechanism of pathogenesis, disease progression, epidemiology, as well as strategies for its control. Specific emphasis will be placed on the public health aspects of each disease.
1815	MOL	429	S08-09		Selected Topics in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics: Statistics for Molecular Biology & Genomics	This course covers statistical models, methods, and concepts with a particular focus on applications in molecular biology and genomics. Real data sets will be analyzed in order to gain an understanding of how statistics is used in practice. Topics to be covered include probability, experimental design, point estimation, hypothesis testing, Bayesian statistics, and the extension of these topics to high-dimensional data sets. Areas of application will be chosen among quantitative genetics, sequence analysis, population genetics, association studies, gene expression analysis, and other modern experimental approaches.
1816	MOL	430	S08-09		The Power and Peril of Cycling Cells	Accurate control of cell cycle is essential for the formation and maintenance of a normal living organism.  This course will study the molecular machinery that controls the cell cycle and the devastating consequence of its de-regulation that leads to cancer.  We begin with a mechanistic examination of the cell cycle in bacteria, yeast, flies and mammals.  We then consider cell cycle and cell size, and the cell cycle of stem cells. We will also discuss the oncogenic events that disrupt the normal cell cycle, the signaling pathways that activate uncontrolled cell proliferation, and the molecular therapeutics that target oncogenic pathways.
1817	MOL	437	S08-09		Computational Neuroscience	Introduction to the biophysics of nerve cells and synapses, and the mathematical descriptions of neurons and neural networks.  How do networks of neurons represent information, and how do they compute with it? The course will survey computational modeling and data analysis methods for neuroscience through reading & discussion of the primary literature, as well as through homeworks & presentations. Representation of visual information, navigation through space, short-term memory and decision-making will be some of the issues considered from a mathematical/computational viewpoint.
1818	MOL	448	S08-09		Chemistry, Structure, and Structure-Function Relations of Nucleic Acids	The chemistry and structure of mononucleotides, oligonucleotides, and polynucleotides and their helical complexes are presented as a basis for understanding and predicting the structures and structure-function relations of naturally occurring DNAs and RNAs. Functions to be considered include fidelity of DNA replication, and transcription, mutagenic mechanisms, molecular evolution, the roles of telomeres, and of recently discovered small RNAs, and organization of the genetic code.
1819	MOL	506	S08-09		Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes	Discussion of gene structure and organization, chromatin and chromosome structures, mechanisms of replication, gene expression and regulation in eukaryotic cells. Emphasis will be placed on unique features of eukaryotic systems with examples from higher and lower eukaryotes.
1820	MOL	516	S08-09		Genetics of Multicellular Organisms	Course presents the genetic tools and logical framework currently used research in  developmental biology, neurobiology and quantitative biology of multicellular organisms. Lecture topics and reading material focus on primary literature describing genetic approaches  used in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, mouse and zebrafish. Techniques are presented in a context emphasizing basic biological phenomena and include mutagenesis, production and analysis of genetic mosaics, production of transgenics, ES cells, knock-in technologies and cell type specific expression gene expression.
1821	MOL	523	S08-09		Molecular Basis of Cancer	We will explore the molecular events leading to the onset and progression of human cancer. We will review the central genetic and biochemical elements that make up the cell cycle, followed by a survey of the signal transduction pathways and checkpoints that regulate it. We will discuss oncogenes, tumor suppressor and mutator genes that act in these pathways and review the role of viral oncogenes and their action on cells. We will investigate the role of cancer stem cells and the interaction between tumor and the host environment. We will explore specific clinical case studies in light of the molecular events underlying different cancers.
1822	MOL	525	S08-09		Intercellular Signaling and Signal Transduction	Explores the interactions of cells with their surroundings at a molecular and cell biological level.  It begins with an introduction to a number of basic signal transduction pathways, a characterization of their respective receptors and the molecular pathways that communicate between the cell surface and the nucleus.  Discusses how signaling establishes axes of cell polarity and migratory pathways by producing changes in the cytoskeleton, and how cells interact with extracellular matrix molecules.  Addresses the cell's response to nutritional cues and other extracellular signals that influence cell growth, cell division and cell physiology.
1823	MOL	537	S08-09		Computational Neuroscience and Computing Networks	Introduction to the biophysics of nerve cells and synapses, and the mathematical descriptions of neurons and neural networks.  How do networks of neurons represent information, and how do they compute with it? The course will survey computational modeling and data analysis methods for neuroscience through reading and discussion of the primary literature, as well as through omeworks and presentations.  Representation of visual information, navigation through space, short-term memory and decision-making will be some of the issues considered from a mathematical/computational viewpoint.
1824	MOL	541	S08-09		Research Projects in Molecular Biology (Laboratory Rotations)	
1825	MOL	548	S08-09		Special Topics in Molecular Biology: Molecular Biology of Skin	Structure-function relationships in health and disease. Topics include the development and regeneration of mammalian epidermal and dermal structures, inflammation and wound healing, cancer and aging. Pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical interactions will also be addressed.
1826	MOL	549	S08-09		Laboratory in Neuroscience	The biophysics of neurons and synapses will be explored using electrophysiological and optical recording methods.  The fundamental phenomena to be studied include passive membrane properties, action potential generation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and sensory physiology.  Students will record neural activity with techniques that include intracellular microelectrode, patch clamp, and optical flourescence recording.
1827	MOL	561	S08-09		Scientific Integrity in the Practice of Molecular Biology	This course satisfies the mandate of the National Institutes of Health for training of molecular biologists in the ethical practice of science. The nature of -- and response to -- personal "misconduct" will be a principle focus. Through case studies and class discussion, we will examine the societal framework for the public support of basic biomedical research, the rights and responsibilities of students and mentors in the conduct of that research, and the significance of intellectual property. We will also review regulations concerning research with human subjects and animals.
1828	MSE	301	S08-09		Materials Science and Engineering	An introduction to the structure and properties of important current and future materials, including metals, semiconductors and polymers from an atomistic and  molecular perspective. Emphasis will be placed on the phase behavior and processing of materials, and how structure in these materials impact their macroscopic physical, electrical, and thermal properties.
1829	MSE	502	S08-09		Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Materials	Thermodynamics and kinetics applicable to phase changes and processing in materials. Physical and mathematical descriptions of phase equilibrium, nucleation and growth, phase separation, coarsening, and diffusion in solids.
1830	MSE	503	S08-09		Structure of Materials	Symmetry of periodic solids as framework for understanding and determining crystal structures; structural analysis using diffraction and scattering of X-rays and neutrons, electron diffraction, high-resolution electron imaging, structure of ionic solids, intermetallics, and glasses; defects in crystals.
1831	MSE	505	S08-09		Characterization of Materials	A multidisciplinary course offering a practical introduction to techniques of imaging and compositional analysis of advanced materials.  Focus on principles and applications of various characterization methods.  Covered topics include AFM, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX/WDX, EELS, Confocal Microscopy, sample preparation and image processing, etc. Hands-on experience is emphasized.
1832	MUS	103	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Music	Music 103 is an introduction to Western Art Music (works from 1100 to the present).  The course defines the basic elements of music - pitch, rhythm, melody, harmony, and form - and the historically significant styles and genres of composition.  Emphasis is placed on significant premiere performances, music and politics, and music and the other arts (film, dance, literature).
1833	MUS	104	S08-09	LA	When Music Is Made	An introduction to the fundamentals of music theory through exercises in songwriting harmony, notation, ear-training, transcription, composition and analysis.  A variety of musics will be studied. Students should have some knowledge of notation.  The main emphasis in the course will be on song-writing as a means to master rudiments.
1834	MUS	106	S08-09	LA	Music Theory through Performance and Composition	A continuation of Music 105, with an emphasis on the harmonic and formal principals of  Western classical music.  We will focus on modulation, chromatic harmony, and form, continuing to study and compose music in classical and other styles.
1835	MUS	206	S08-09	LA	Tonal Syntax	Music 206 begins by making relevant connections between the modal counterpoint of the 16th century (studied in Music 205) and tonality as it evolved in the 18th century.  Fundamental tonal concepts will then be explored in later music including Chopin and Brahms.
1836	MUS	213	S08-09	LA	Projects in Instrumental Performance: Chamber Music	Instrumental chamber music class of the standard repertory of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.  Preparation for performance of ensembles.  Each ensemble's repertoire will be determined in consultation with the instructors during the first week of classes.
1837	MUS	220	S08-09	LA	The Opera	The course provides a survey of opera from its inception in the 17th-century to the present, considering such issues as opera's relationship to its cultural context, contemporary stagings, opera conventions and singers (including the castrato), opera and literature,  exoticism, and opera's representation of gender and sexuality.  Classes will allow students to focus on close readings/viewings of specific scenes.  Students enrolled in the course will have the opportunity to attend at least one performance at the Metropolitan Opera.
1838	MUS	230	S08-09	LA	Music in Antiquity and the Middle Ages	Intro to some important musical repertories from before 1400 A.D.:  Ancient Greece; Gregorian chant; the troubadour culture;  musical interactions among the Jewish, Muslim, European, & Byzantine cultures; the intellectual culture of music theory & the  earliest polyphonic music. Among the problems & issues: how to recover ancient music from fragments of notation, surviving instruments, paintings & other artifacts; how to recover the medieval roots of oral traditions that are still practiced today; how ancient & medieval concepts of tuning, mode, notation, form, & language continued to shape the history of music long after the Middle Ages.
1839	MUS	242	S08-09	LA	Music since 1945	A look at the wide range of musical styles and personalities since World War II, including avant-garde and experimental approaches, the effects of technology, and influences from non-Western and popular idioms.  Emphasis will be on listening and discussion, with the goal of understanding the attitudes, objectives and achievements of individuals and groups as well as their interaction with the culture at large.
1840	MUS	252	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Performance Art and New Music Theater	The practice and examination of unconventional approaches to theater and music/theater.  This is not a history course, although some exemplary work will be dealt  with.  Largely, we will be making things, playing, looking, listening and analyzing.  We will examine different theatrical approaches to music, narrative, poetic, gestalt, metaphor, sculpture and design.  We will write, improvise, compose and critique.
1841	MUS	260	S08-09	LA	Music in the United States	Introduction to American music from its beginnings to today, tracing influences from Europe, Africa, India, Asia and considering classical music, jazz, popular, sacred and film music.  Includes listening to, reading about and discussing a variety of compositions, reflecting composer's  biographies, their socio-historical context, their musical language and investigating how much they have sought and succeeded to create an American musical idiom.
1842	MUS	312	S08-09	LA	Jazz Theory through Improvisation and Composition II	An examination of the theoretical principles found in modal jazz through analysis of representative works by such composers as Wayne Shorter, Joe Henderson, and Herbie Hancock.  The course will place a strong emphasis on student projects in improvisation and composition.
1843	MUS	314	S08-09	QR	Computer and Electronic Music through Programming, Performance, and Composition	An introduction to the fundamentals of computer and electronic music in the context of the Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk).  The music and sound programming language ChucK, developed here at Princeton, will be used in conjunction with Max/MSP, another digital audio language, to study procedural programming, digital signal processing and synthesis, networking, and human-computer interfacing.
1844	MUS	316	S08-09	LA	Computer and Electronic Music Composition	A composition workshop class, in the context of the Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk) and also the traditional sound studio.  Emphasis will be on the student's creative work, composing both "fixed media" works and live electronic/laptop music.  Students will also work extensively with professional composers and performers, both from Princeton and elsewhere, performing new works as members of PLOrk.
1845	MUS	333	S08-09	LA	Bach and Handel	This seminar considers music of  composers such as Bach, Handel, Rameau, and Vivaldi in the context of the rich musical and culture life of 18th-century Europe.  Issues to be considered include:  musical style, theory and aesthetics, performance practice,  concert life, patronage and the free market economy, and the relationships between music, art and literature in 18th-century society.  Seminar participation will include class discussion, presentations, and in-class performances.
1846	MUS	431	S08-09	LA	Topics in History, Analysis and Interpretation: Musical Semiotics	An analytical inquiry into the nature of musical meaning drawing on the semiotic theories of Nattiez, Ruwet, Lidov and others.  Weekly exercises in analysis.
1847	MUS	514	S08-09		Topics in 19th- and Early 20th-Century Music: The Ballets Russes and Ballets Súedois	An examination of the works produced by the Ballets Russes and Ballets Suédois, with an emphasis on the dialogue between music and dance in these works, the rivalry between the two companies between 1920 and 1925 (the years the  Ballets Suédois operated), and their general contribution to French modernism.
1848	MUS	518	S08-09		Musical Theory from the 18th-Century to the Present: Developments in Theory & Analysis of Post-Tonal Music	This class will offer a survey of recent and current developments in the theory and analysis of post tonal music.  Topics to be covered include sets and set classes, transformational theory, Neo-Riemannian theory, Klumpenhouwer networks, atonal voice leading,compositional spaces, parsimonious voice-leading spaces, quality spaces, and contextual inversions.  In addition to weekly reading and writing assignments, each student will write a final analytical paper, and give a brief in-class presentation on the topic of their final paper.
1849	MUS	525	S08-09		Topics in Music from 1400 to 1600: Renaissance Music	Counterpoint after Josquin.  This seminar will continue the trajectory pursued in two previous seminars, which is that of exploring the history of counterpoint through practice, that is, by means of composing or arranging style replicas of representative works from the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The present seminar takes off  with major stylistic changes that occurred in the late 1510's, a decade that is still imperfectly understood.  A new generation of composers, led at the first by Jean Mouton and young Adrian Willaert, and later on by Nicolas Gombert and Clemens non Papa, developed a radically new approach to the art of composition.
1850	MUS	528	S08-09		Seminar in Musicology	Original work in areas of current musicological significance are presented to and reviewed by the seminar as the occasion arises. Emphasis is given to student projects, but work in progress by any member of the seminar may be discussed or a topic of particular controversy examined.
1851	MUS	532	S08-09		Composition	Emphasis will be placed upon the individual student's original work and upon the study and discussion of pieces pertinent to that work.
1852	MUS	545	S08-09		Contexts of Composition	This seminar considers the intersection of composition, performance and spectatorship from a wide range of viewpoints, ranging from theoretical notions of identity as a form of performance to the more nuts-and-bolts concerns of composer/performers.  We'll explore works that foreground the artificiality of performance (Judith Weir's operas), that emphasize the presence of the composer (Meredith Monk's performances); and  that dismantle the narcissism of the stage (Yvonne' Rainer's pedestrian choreography), as well as others, including our own.
1853	NES	209	S08-09	SA	State-Society Relations in the Middle East	Like no other political entity in history, the modern state seeks to transform society into an image of its own making and to harness its citizens' productive power for its own benefit. States in the Middle East, like those all over the world, have attempted this feat, with varying degrees of success and failure. This seminar will examine state efforts to dominate and shape society in the Middle East and the myriad ways that social groups have resisted, assisted, and otherwise modified state rule.
1854	NES	245	S08-09	HA	The Islamic World from its Emergence to the Beginnings of Westernization	Begins with the formation of the traditional Islamic world in the seventh century and ends with the first signs of its transformation under Western impact in the 18th century. The core of the course is the history of state formation in the Middle East, but other regions and themes make significant appearances. The course can stand on its own or serve as background to the study of the modern Islamic world.
1855	NES	266	S08-09	SA	Oil, Energy and The Middle East	An overview of the issues surrounding global energy supplies, oil's unique economic properties, and its role in shaping the political economy of the Middle East and U.S. strategic interests in the region. We will begin by discussing the basic science and availability of energy sources, the state of technology, the functioning of energy markets, the challenges of coping with global climate change and the key role of the oil reserves in the Middle East. The second part of the course will focus on the history of oil in the Middle East and its impact on societies in the region.
1856	NES	283	S08-09	HA	Social History of the Modern Middle East	This course introduces students to social developments behind the political events highlighted in media reports. It also examines the role of sources in social historical studies. Questions include: How did the 19th-century integration of the Middle East into the world economy re-shape the region? How did states--the late Ottoman Empire, colonial powers, populist-authoritarian and monarchic regimes--interact with social change, including gender? How have oil rents and wars affected state-society relations? What are the effects of economic liberalization starting in the 1970s? Are there distinct social forces behind modern ideologies?
1857	NES	301	S08-09	SA	Secular and Islamist  Politics in 21st-Century Turkey	This course attempts to understand the questions, perceptions and anxieties that have arisen in the minds of regional and global actors and Turkey' secular players since the advent of the Islam-friendly Justice and Development Party (JDP) of Turkey to power in 2002. More importantly, the JDP is studied in a comparative historical sense: first, it is compared and contrasted with its predecessor political tradition and parties, then, as this party's new identity transcends being a simple case study in terms of being considered a 'model' , it will be analyzed in a broader theoretical and empirical perspective.
1858	NES	307	S08-09	HA	Afghanistan and the Great Powers, 1747-2001	The course traces the great powers' struggle for control over the Middle East, as it affected Afghanistan.  It begins with an introduction to the social and ethnic background, touching on the rise of the tribal Afghan kingdom in the 18th century.  It will then focus on the rivalries between Russia and Britain in the 19th century ("the Great Game"), and on those between the Soviet Union and the US in the 20th.  We will conclude by studying Washington's support in the 1980's for Islamist groups fighting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, its consequences, and the Taliban movement.
1859	NES	312	S08-09		Government and Politics of North Africa	Why do we observe different systems of governance and political dynamics in states with similar historical and cultural backgrounds? The first half of the course provides an overview of factors which shaped the present political systems and politics of the classical Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), Libya, Mauritania, and the disputed territory of the Western/Moroccan Sahara. The second half of the course offers an introduction to six themes in political science literature as they come to bear on North African politics: authoritarianism and liberalization, the politics of reform, Islamist parties, human rights, and women and gender.
1860	NES	321	S08-09	HA	Iran Since the Revolution	This course examines the formation and development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution.  It considers, in particular, how the Iranian regime has adapted to changing domestic and international economic, social and political conditions and sustained itself enface grave social and economic challenges and international isolation.  Topics of Discussion include: Factional Politics in the Post-Khomeini Era, Social Movements and Political Reform, Clerical Opposition and Dissident Theology, The Changing Nature of Religious Law, Missed Opportunities in US-Iran Relations, Iran's role in the post 9/11 Mideast.
1861	NES	329	S08-09	HA	Religion in Culture--Culture in Religion: A History of Religion of the Ancient Near East	The geographical setting for this course is the region corresponding roughly to modern Syria, Iraq, Levant and Turkey from the fourth through the first millennia B.C.  Religion represents an essential part of the cultural system of the civilization of the Ancient Near East.  We will explore the worldview, cosmologies, concepts of divinity and mankind, destiny, mortality, as well as official and personal cults, the position of the king in his intermediary function between the gods and the people.  Primary sources and a range of scholarly literature will be the basis for our discussion.
1862	NES	338	S08-09	HA	The Arab-Israeli Conflict	This course studies the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict up to 1967. Due to its contentious theme, it stresses historiographic problems and primary sources; also, it looks at Israeli and Palestinian societies as much as at the conflict between them. Questions include the ideological vs. practical roots of, and religious/secular elements in, Zionism and Palestinian nationalism; politico-economic links between the two societies; breaks in their social and/or ethnic composition; the effects of collective traumas and warfare on socio-political structures and gender; and the role of foreign powers and regional states.
1863	NES	340	S08-09	HA	Muslim South Asia	Religious, cultural, and political developments in South Asia, home to nearly a third of the world's Muslim population, have long exerted considerable influence on the greater Muslim world.  This seminar is concerned with religio-political thought and movements in Muslim South Asia from the 18th century to the present.  Topics include: Sufi ethics; the impact of colonialism on Islamic thought and institutions; evolving Islamist trends from late colonial times to the present; and debates on Islamic law and the position of women in India and Pakistan.
1864	NES	342	S08-09	HA	The Making of the Ottoman Balkans, 1350-1500: Conquest, Settlement and Infrastructural Development	The Ottoman Empire is traditionally viewed through a paradigm which stresses its Islamic character.  In keeping with this assessment, its advances into southeastern Europe from the mid-14th century onward are usually portrayed as stemming from a desire to expand the frontiers of the Islamic East at the expense of the Christian West.  This course will present an alternative explanation, one focusing on the extent to which the early Ottomans absorbed the peoples, practices, and nobilities of the pre-existing Christian peoples of the Balkans.
1865	NES	361	S08-09	HA	Introduction to Islamic Purism	This seminar examines some of the medieval origins and basic historical development of a conservative approach to Sunni Islam, which today is often referred to as Salafism. Because its proponents typically claim to safeguard Islam in its purest form, they have put themselves at the center of intra-Islamic polemics. Main topics of reading and discussion include the definition of orthodoxy and religious knowledge, the significance of Saudi Arabia and the Wahhabi establishment, and the relationship between Islamic purism and modernity.
1866	NES	392	S08-09	SA	Young Muslims in Europe: Integration or Radicalization?	A series of crises--ranging from the Madrid and London bombings to controversies over the Danish cartoons and the Muslim headscarf--have highlighted concerns about the presence of new and growing Muslim communities in Europe, and in particular, the danger of radicalization of Muslim youth. Using case studies drawn mainly from Britain, France, and the Netherlands, this course explores the social and political aspects of this new Muslim presence and considers whether different models of integration (multiculturalism in Britain, assimilationism in France) are succeeding or failing.
1867	NES	393	S08-09	SA	Youth, Violence and Politics in the Middle East	Violence in the contemporary Middle East may be seen as a rebellion of youth against aging political regimes and the foreign influences in the region. This course is intended to examine this generational hypothesis in the context of the social and political history of the Middle East and North Africa. Particular emphasis will be given to the study of social as well as political violence. Students will be introduced to such topics as the emergence of youth as a political concern, the way Islamist movements focus on youth issues (e.g., education and leisure), and the complex and diverse relationships between the body, violence, and politics.
1868	NES	408	S08-09	LA	The Hebrew Poetry of Medieval Spain	Covers the rise of the golden age of Hebrew poetry in Muslim Spain; the Arabic literary background; lyrical, liturgical, and contemplative verse by great poets of the 11th and 13th centuries (Shmuel ha-Nagid, Ibn Gabirol, Judah Halevi, Todros Abulafia, etc.); and narratives in rhymed prose.  Two weeks will be devoted to developments outside Spain: the 12th and 13th century martyrdom poems from France and the Rhineland, and, in conclusion, the adoption of Romance forms, especially the sonnet, in the Hebrew poetry of Italy.
1869	NES	418	S08-09	SA	Religion and State Relations in Comparative Perspective	This upper-level undergraduate seminar examines different models of religion-state constellations in Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East of the 20th century.
1870	NES	447	S08-09	LA	Qur'anic Commentary	This course looks at a sample of the vast literature of Qur'anic commentary through English translations of writings from the early, classical, and modern periods.  The readings will include examples of the interpretation of particular Qur'anic passages as well as works on the nature and aims of Qur'anic exegesis.  The readings represent a variety of genres produced by writers of radically different commitments.
1871	NES	503	S08-09		Themes in Islamic History and Culture	This year the course will be a research seminar in which graduate students working on Islamic and Middle Eastern topics will present their research in written and oral form, receiving feedback relating both to the substance of their work and to the manner of its presentation.
1872	NES	506	S08-09		Ottoman Diplomatics: Paleography and Diplomatic Documents	An introduction to Ottoman paleography and diplomatics. The documents will be in divani and rika scripts.
1873	NES	525	S08-09		Ethno-national Communities and Conflicts: Israel and Beyond	Examines ethno-national communities in conflict, focusing on the interplay between identity, polity and policy. Drawing on insights from various fields - security studies, political philosophy and social psychology - the course examines the Israeli Jewish community's sense of existential uncertainty and the narrative-normative dimension of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Other ethno-national communities - Kurds, Palestinians, Armenians, Québécois, Afrikaners, Maronites, and more - will also be discussed.
1874	NES	532	S08-09		Readings in Classical Arabic Literature	A reading of selections of poetry and prose.  Problems of narrative, poetics, and the like may be discussed according to the interests of the class.
1875	NES	539	S08-09		Studies in Later Persian Literature 1200-1800 A.D.	To acquaint students with the literature of the second great classical language of Islam and its immense legacy of epics, chronicles, lyric poems, mystical writings and imaginative tales from the entire traditional Persian-speaking world - including not only from present-day Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan but most emphatically also from Anatolia, Central Asia and the Indian sub-continent - between the 13th and the 19th centuries, with special stress on Sufism, the connection to visual arts, and royal symbolism.
1876	NES	540	S08-09		Studies in Later Persian Literature 1200 - 1800 A.D.	Course acquaints students with the literature of the second great classical language of Islam and its legacy of epics, chronicles, lyric poems, mystical writings and imaginative tales from the traditional Persian-speaking world - including not only from present-day Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan but also from Anatolia, Central Asia and the Indian sub-continent. Continuation of NES-539.  Treats the literature from 1200 to 1800.
1877	NES	545	S08-09		Problems in Near Eastern Jewish History	The topic this year is the Dhimma, the status of Jews and other non-Muslims in medieval Islam.  In addition to reading secondary literature, we will read and discuss primary sources in class.
1878	NES	548	S08-09		Contending Approaches on the Making of Republican Turkey	A critical examination, comparison and contrast of primary readings by "established" researchers focusing on the early republican political process in Turkey.  In "studying the studies," our objective is to identify within the social sciences scholarly literature divergent, complementary or parallel theoretical positions and methodologies on the making of modern Turkey.  In this way, we will place these studies where they belong theoretically and methodologically, and contribute to the systemization of knowledge about the era as well as rethink, question, and problematize established orthodoxies on Turkish modernization.
1879	NES	558	S08-09		Problems in Islamic History: Customary Law in the Arab states	Topics in Islamic history, with readings of relevant source material.  The theme varies from year to year.  This semester the course will deal with customary law in the Arab states. The main emphasis will be on the law of the Bedouin and of other tribal groups, including the Berbers.  Time will also be devoted to problems of anthropological method.
1880	NES	571	S08-09		Problems in Early Ottoman History	The seminar is a study of the origins and development of the Ottoman state.   The emphasis is on the characteristic features of its cultural, economic, and social life, as they were developed in the eastern Balkans.  By retracing the establishment of Ottoman rule in Northern Greece it will examine the nature of Ottoman Administrative practices in the 14th and 15th centuries.
1881	NES	583	S08-09		Readings in the Muwatta`	Selected readings from the Muwatta' of Malik ibn Anas in the version transmitted by Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Shaybani.  The course aims at providing an introduction to debates in early Islamic law.
1882	NES	585	S08-09		Modern Turkish Poetry	Modern Turkish poetry from the Tanzimat to the present.
1883	ORF	245	S08-09	QR	Fundamentals of Engineering Statistics	To acquaint the student with the language, mathematics and applications of probability and statistics in engineering and the sciences.
1884	ORF	307	S08-09		Optimization	Optimization of deterministic systems, focusing on linear programming.  Model formulations, the simplex method, sensitivity analysis, duality theory, network models, nonlinear programming. Applications to a variety of problems in optimal allocation of resources, transportation systems, and finance.
1885	ORF	335	S08-09	QR	Introduction to Financial Mathematics	Pricing and hedging of derivative securities.  Binomial tree and Black-Scholes models.  Term-structure of interest rates.  Introduction to Credit Risk.
1886	ORF	376	S08-09		Independent Research Project	Independent research or investigation resulting in a report in the student's area of interest under the supervision of a faculty member. Open to sophomores and juniors.
1887	ORF	401	S08-09		Electronic Commerce	Electronic commerce is broadly defined as the buying and selling of goods using electronic transaction processing technologies.  Some of great expectations of this technology are beginning to be realized.  We will study the success, failures and challenges.  We will focus on the technlogies themselves as well as various economic and financial issues associated with their use.
1888	ORF	407	S08-09	QR	Fundamentals of Queueing Theory	An introduction to the fundamental results of queueing theory.  Topics covered include the classical traffic, offered load, loss and delay stochastic models for communication systems.  Through concrete examples and motivations we discuss the theory of Markov chains, Poisson processes and Monte-Carlo simulation.  Fundamental queueing results such as the Erlang blocking and delay formulae, Little's law and Lindley's equation are presented.  Applications are drawn from communication network systems, inventory management, and optimal staffing.
1889	ORF	417	S08-09		Dynamic Programming	Sequential decision problems, primarily in the context of the management of physical and financial assets.  The course will focus on modeling and computational methods, using approximation techniques for a broad range of problem classes including multistate asset allocation, asset acquisition and technology swtiching, high dimensional shortest paths, dynamic assignment and related pricing problems.  Techniques will focus on Monte-Carlo based methods for exploring state spaces and estimating value functions, including stochastic approximation methods, temporal-differencing, Q-learning, and methods for handling high-dimensional problems.
1890	ORF	474	S08-09		Special Topics in Operations Research and Financial Engineering: Stochastic Methods for Quantitative Finance	This course is an introduction to stochastic calculus at the undergraduate level with applications to financial models. The emphasis is on computational and practical  techniques. Topics include: Brownian motion; Ito's formula; stochastic differential equations; partial differential equations; Girsanov 's theorem; optimal stopping; simulation and finite difference numerical methods; applications in finance; implementation in Matlab.
1891	ORF	478	S08-09		Senior Thesis	A formal report on research involving analysis, synthesis, and design, directed toward improved understanding and resolution of a significant problem.  The research is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and the thesis is defended by the student at a public examination before a faculty committee.  The senior thesis is equivalent to a year-long study and is recorded as a double course in the Spring.
1892	ORF	479	S08-09		Senior Project	Students conduct a one-semester project.  Topics chosen by students with approval of the faculty.  A written report is required at the end of the term.
1893	ORF	504	S08-09		Financial Econometrics	This course covers econometric and statistical methods as applied to finance. Topics include: Overview of Statistical Methods; Predictability of asset returns; Discrete time volatility models; Efficient Portfolio and CAPM; Multifactor Pricing Models; Intertemporal Equilibrium   and Stochastic Discount Models; Expectation and present value relation; Simulation methods for financial derivatives; Econometrics of financial derivatives; Forecast and Management of Market Risks; Multivariate time series in finance; Nonparametric methods in financial econometrics
1894	ORF	509	S08-09		Directed Research I	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out research and presents the results.  Directed Research is normally taken during the first year of study.
1895	ORF	510	S08-09		Directed Research II	This seminar is a continuation of ORF 509.  Each student writes a report and presents research results.  For doctoral students, the course must be completed one semester prior to taking the general examinations.
1896	ORF	515	S08-09		Asset Pricing II: Stochastic Calculus and Advanced Derivatives	This course covers the pricing and hedging of advanced derivatives including topics such as exotic options, greeks, interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives.  The course will cover basics of stochastic calculus necessary for finance.  It is designed for Masters students.
1897	ORF	523	S08-09		Nonlinear Optimization	An introduction to the central concepts needed for studying the theory, algorithms, and applications of nonlinear optimization problems. Topics covered include first- and second-order optimality conditions; unconstrained methods, including steepest descent, conjugate gradient, and Newton methods; constrained methods including barrier, penalty, SQP, and augmented Lagrangians and duality theory and Lagrangian methods.
1898	ORF	525	S08-09		Generalized Regression Models	This course introduces the most important and broadly utilized statistical methods used in many scientific data analyses, including general linear, mixed-effects, generalized linear models, regression and ANOVA models. Objectives of the course are to give students a solid understanding of these methods and give them experience in applying them to real data using statistical computing packages and then interpreting results.  Course is designed for both master's and Ph.D. students, and advanced undergraduates.
1899	ORF	526	S08-09		Stochastic Modeling	Fundamental models of random phenomena in financial engineering and operations research:  Poisson processes, Markov chains, Brownian motion, and diffusion processes.
1900	ORF	527	S08-09		Stochastic Calculus and Finance	An introduction to stochastic analysis based on Brownian motion.  Topics include local martingales, the Itô integral and calculus, stochastic differential equations, the Feynman-Kac formula, representation theorems, Girsanov theory, and applications in finance.
1901	ORF	531	S08-09		Computational Finance in C++	The intent of this course is to introduce the student to the technical and algorithmic aspects of a wide spectrum of computer applications currently used in the financial industry, and to prepare the student for the development of new applications.  The student will be introduced to C++, the weekly homework will involve writing C++ code, and the final project will also involve programming in the same environment.
1902	ORF	534	S08-09		Investment Science	A survey of central topics in the area of financial engineering and multiperiod financial planning systems.  Pricing methodologies integrated with financial planning models.  Linking asset and liability strategies to maximize surplus-wealth over time.  We model the enterprise as a multistage stochastic program with decision strategies.
1903	ORF	554	S08-09		Markov Processes	Markov processes with general state spaces;  transition semigroups, generators, resolvants;  hitting times, jumps, and Levy systems;  additive functionals and random time changes;  killing and creation of Markovian motions.
1904	ORF	558	S08-09		Stochastic Analysis Seminar	This seminar course will introduce the students to recent developments in stochastic analysis as they relate to the mathematical models of pricing and hedging in incomplete markets.
1905	ORF	569	S08-09		Special Topics in Statistics and Operations Research: Topics in Optimization	A research seminar focused on recent advances in large-scale optimization, and stochastic optimization.  Student will work on group projects.
1906	ORF	570	S08-09		Special Topics in Statistics and Operations Research: Convex Analysis for Finance & Economics	Tools from Convex Analysis, in particular duality methods, are ubiquitous in Mathematical Finance and Economics/Operations Research. For example, the recent success of (convex) risk measure theory relies heavily on basic constructions from Convex Analysis like Legendre-Fenchel transform and subdifferential. Moreover, Convex Analysis is a beautiful part of Math because of its geometric nature. This course is devoted to a systematic development of the theory with case study applications in risk measure theory, utility maximization, asset pricing, preference relations, decision theory and welfare economics.
1907	PER	102	S08-09		Elementary Persian II	To develop the skills of understanding, speaking, reading and writing modern Persian.  The classes are conducted mostly in Persian with emphasis on oral drills and conversations.
1908	PER	107	S08-09		Intermediate Persian II	The emphasis is on reading modern and classical prose, and writing modern prose.  Classes are conducted mostly in Persian.  Advanced grammar drills and translation exercises.
1909	PER	303	S08-09		Advanced Persian Reading II	This course is the continuation of 302, and is designed to improve the student's proficiency in the reading and comprehension of Persian texts.  The emphasis is on reading, understanding, and translating modern prose.  The class is conducted in Persian.
1910	PER	304	S08-09	LA	Contemporary Persian Writers: Novels and Memoirs	The course will focus on the writings of some of the best known Iranian novelists of the past quarter of a century. Emphasis will be given to women writers. The course is designed to improve the students' proficiency in the reading and comprehension of Persian texts, with discussion in Persian.
1911	PHI	202	S08-09	EM	Introduction to Moral Philosophy	Can questions about what is right or wrong have real answers independent of any sort of divine authority? Are there moral principles that any rational person must recognize, or is morality essentially an expression of our feelings or a product of our culture? Are we morally required to do our part in making the world as good as it can be, or does morality give us permission to pursue our own peculiar enthusiasms and interests? What should we do about deception, unwanted pregnancies, and world hunger?  This course will provide an overview of these and other issues in moral philosophy.
1912	PHI	300	S08-09	EC	Plato and His Predecessors	We shall investigate Plato's developing views on ethics, knowledge, metaphysics, and the nature of the soul, along with his perspectives on some of his predecessors (particularly Parmenides). We will read and discuss Plato's dialogues philosophically - for their philosophical content - rather than from a literary or cultural point of view. Only those interested in reading Plato in this way should enroll.
1913	PHI	306	S08-09	EM	Nietzsche	An examination of Nietzsche's central views, including the role of tragedy, the place of science, the eternal recurrence, the will to power, and the primacy of the individual.  We will also examine Nietzsche's ambiguous attitude toward philosophy and his influence on literature and criticism.
1914	PHI	310	S08-09	EC	Philosophical Issues in Language and Cognition	This course will explore how the human mind understands semantic aspects of language. We will consider issues in the philosophy of language in the light of considerations from cognitive psychology.
1915	PHI	315	S08-09	EC	Philosophy of Mind	This course investigates the nature of mind and its place in the natural world. Focussing mainly on contemporary work, topics will include: the relationship between mind and body; the nature of mental states and processes; the significance of consciousness; how we detect mental states in ourselves; how we gauge the presence of mentality in others (including animals, machines young babies, the cognitively disabled); how research in the empirical sciences (psychology, neuroscience, computer science) sheds light on philosophical questions about the mind, and vice versa; how questions of mental life connect with issues in ethics.
1916	PHI	318	S08-09	EC	Metaphysics	This course will survey three topics in metaphysics. The first is free will: We ordinarily think that much of what we do is done freely. Is this ordinary thought correct? Is it compatible with the plausible view that everything, including our own actions, is in principle amenable to prediction and explanation? The second topic is material constitution: What is the relation between material objects, such as statues, and the stuff they're made out of, such as portions of metal?The final topic is time: Is it coherent to think that time passes? Do past and future things exist, or is the present all there is? And perhaps: Is time-travel possible?
1917	PHI	332	S08-09	EC	Early Modern Philosophy	This course will address the work of Descartes and his critics, including Spinoza and Leibniz;  readings from their major writings.
1918	PHI	340	S08-09	EC	Philosophical Logic	An introduction to modal and related logics.
1919	PHI	513	S08-09		Topics in Recent and Contemporary Philosophy: On Religious Experience	The first half of the seminar will present a general theory of experiential consciousness, drawn from my manuscript, "The Manifest". In the second half of the course we shall apply that theory to the category of religious experience.
1920	PHI	514	S08-09		Recent and Contemporary Philosophy: Generic & Cognitive Psychology	We will examine recent work on the semantics of generics. This work will be evaluated in the light of empirical considerations from cognitive psychology.
1921	PHI	515	S08-09		Special Topics in the History of Philosophy: Posidonius' Moral Psychology	An intensive study of selected philosophers or philosophical movements in the history of philosophy.
1922	PHI	516	S08-09		Special Topics in the History of Philosophy: Quine and Davidson	This seminar will meet alternatively at Rutgers and Princeton.  It will consist in an assessment of central writings of W.V. Quine and Donald Davidson.
1923	PHI	523	S08-09		Problems of Philosophy: Epistemology	A critical examination of some recent work in the theory of knowledge.
1924	PHI	525	S08-09		Ethics	Problems in ethics
1925	PHI	530	S08-09		Philosophy of Art: Aesthetic Values in Art and Life	We begin with a discussion of beauty and the values of art in Plato, move to Kant and modern thought, and end with the place of aesthetic values in other areas of life.
1926	PHI	534	S08-09		Philosophy of Language	Contemporary work on context dependence and relativism from the perspective of formal philosophy of language.
1927	PHI	535	S08-09		Philosophy of Mind	Reference and Singular Thought:  It has become common to distinguish expressions that are genuinely referential - paradigmatically, names and demonstratives - from expressions that are about an object in a looser sense - definite descriptions for example. A similar distinction is often maintained for the level of thought.  Genuinely singular thoughts are contrasted with thoughts that are about an object only in a loose sense.  In this seminar we shall critically examine the foundational ideas in philosophical semantics that lie behind this.
1928	PHI	538	S08-09		The Philosophy of Physics: Space and Time	A philosophical analysis of the evolution of theories of space and time from Newtonian physics through general relativity.  Our focus will be on connections between conceptual issues in the physics of space and time, on the one hand, and fundamental issues in metaphysics, epistemology, scientific methodology, and the foundations of mathematics, on the other.
1929	PHI	540	S08-09		Metaphysics: Topics in Metaphysics	A range of important topics in contemporary metaphysics will be discussed, including four dimensional, natural properties, quantifier variance, mereology and set theory, barcan principles of modal logic, and counterfactuals.
1930	PHI	599	S08-09		Dissertation Seminar	Open to post-generals students actively working on their dissertations. The seminar aims at assisting students in their research and writing and at developing their teaching skills by improving their ability to present advanced material to less expert audiences. Students will make presentations of work in progress, discuss each other's work, and share common pedagogical problems and solutions under the guidance of one or more faculty members.  It will meet for two hours each week throughout the academic year.
1931	PHY	102	S08-09	ST	Introductory Physics II	The goal of the course is to present an introduction to the fundamental laws of nature, especially optics, electricity/magnetism, nuclear and atomic theory.  These are treated quantitatively with an emphasis on problem solving.  The laboratory is intended to give students an opportunity to observe physical phenomena and to gain "hands-on" experience with apparatus and instruments.
1932	PHY	104	S08-09	ST	General Physics II	Schedule: One lecture, three classes, and one laboratory per week.   Goals: to understand the fundamental laws of physics, in particular electricity and magnetism with applications to electronics and optics.  This calculus-based course is primarily geared to engineers and majors in physics and other sciences.
1933	PHY	106	S08-09	ST	Advanced Physics (Electromagnetism)	We shall study electricity and magnetism, with special emphasis on the unification of these forces through the theory of special relativity.  Subject matter is similar to that of Physics 104, but the treatment is more sophisticated.  There will be application to physical optics and electromagnetic behavior of materials.
1934	PHY	115A	S08-09	QR	Future Physics	What do future leaders of our society need to know about physics and technology?  The course is designed for non-scientists who will someday become our influential citizens and decision-makers.  Whatever the field of endeavor, they will be faced with important decisions in which physics and technology play an important role.  The purpose of this course is to present the key principles and the basic physical reasoning needed to interpret scientific and technical information and to make the best decisions.  Topics include energy and power, atomic and subatomic matter, wave-like phenomena and light, and Einstein's theory of relativity.
1935	PHY	115B	S08-09	ST	Future Physics	What do future leaders of our society need to know about physics and technology?  The course is designed for non-scientists who will someday become our influential citizens and decision-makers.  Whatever the field of endeavor, they will be faced with important decisions in which physics and technology play an important role.  The purpose of this course is to present the key principles and the basic physical reasoning needed to interpret scientific and technical information and to make the best decisions.  Topics include energy and power, atomic and subatomic matter, wave-like phenomena and light, and Einstein's theory of relativity.
1936	PHY	208	S08-09	STX	Principles of Quantum Mechanics	This is the Physics Department's introductory quantum mechanics course.  Its intent is to present the subject in a fashion that will allow both mastery of its conceptual basis and techniques and appreciation of the excitement inherent in looking at the world in a profoundly new way.  Topics to be covered include: state functions and the probability interpretation, the Schroedinger equation, uncertainty principle, the eigenvalue problem, angular momentum, perturbation theory, and the hydrogen atom.
1937	PHY	210	S08-09	ST	Experimental Physics Seminar	The seminar introduces students to techniques in modern experimental physics in a laboratory setting.  In the first half of the course, students are introduced to analog electronics, data acquisition and control, vacuum technology, optics and lasers, cryogenics and other techniques.  In the second half of the course, students working in small groups propose and perform an experiment.
1938	PHY	304	S08-09		Advanced Electromagnetism	Electromagnetic theory based on Maxwell's equations.  Electrostatics of conductor and dielectrics, including boundary value problems and energy considerations leading to the Maxwell stress tensor.  Magnetostatics of steady currents and simple magnetic media.  Electromagnetic waves, retarded potentials and radiation.  Familiarity with vector calculus is assumed.
1939	PHY	312	S08-09	ST	Experimental Physics	Students work in small groups and perform five experiments and an electronics lab.  The list of experiments to choose from includes muon decay, beta decay, optical pumping, Moosbauer effect, holography, positron annihilation, electron diffraction, single photon interference, Sagnac effect, bacterial motion, NMR, Coulomb law, and photoelectric effect.  Weekly lectures will provide an overview of various experimental techniques and data analysis.
1940	PHY	405	S08-09		Modern Physics I: Condensed-Matter Physics	The course applies concepts from quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics to the properties of electrons in solids.  Topics include phonons and lattice dynamics, electronic band structure, the tight-binding approximation, origin of exchange and magnetism, spin waves, Ginzburg Landau theory of phase transitions, and the BCS theory of superconductivity.
1941	PHY	506	S08-09		Quantum Mechanics II	This is a one-semester course in advanced quantum mechanics, following Physics 505. After a brief review of some fundamental topics, more advanced topics will be covered, including many-body theory, operator theory, coherent states, stability of matter and other Coulomb systems and the theory of the Bose gas.
1942	PHY	510	S08-09		Relativistic Quantum Theory II	Quantum field theory with emphasis on loop effects and renormalization.
1943	PHY	524	S08-09		Advanced Topics in General Relativity: Dynamical, Strong Field Gravity	This course will explore a number of areas in general relativity where dynamical, strong field gravity plays an important role in the physics. Topics covered will include gravitational collapse and black hole formation, black hole collisions and other sources of gravitational waves, and the nature of spacetime singularities. Numerical methods are an important tool in solving the field equations in such situations, and so a portion of the course will be devoted to an introduction to numerical relativity.
1944	PHY	526	S08-09		Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics	Course will cover a variety of topics in the area of "soft" condensed matter physics, centered around the areas of forces at the mesoscale, phase transitions, Landau mean field theory, fluctuations, critical exponents and scaling, generalized elasticity, topological defects and dynamics.
1945	PHY	529	S08-09		Introduction to High-energy Physics	An overview of modern elementary particle physics and the Standard Model.  Specific topics include: weak decays, W and Z physics, deep inelastic scattering, CP violation, neutrino oscillations, Higgs searches, with an emphasis on areas of current interest. The course also covers concepts in experimental tools and techniques.
1946	PHY	536	S08-09		Condensed Matter/Many-Body Physics	We will focus on work and questions addressing quantum dissipation, decoherence and entanglement. The emphasis will be on questions important for condensed matter physics or for quantum information processing.
1947	PHY	540	S08-09		Selected Topics in Theoretical High-Energy Physics: Strings, Black Holes and Gauge Theories	Applications of advanced field theory to various subjects, from turbulence to string theory and the standard model.
1948	PHY	562	S08-09		Biophysics	A physicist's perspective on the phenomena of life, from the dynamics of single molecules to learning and perception.
1949	PHY	564	S08-09		Physics of the Universe: Introduction to Theoretical Cosmology	The course is the second of a two-semester survey of fundamental concepts which underly contemporary cosmology. The first semester focuses on the nearly homogeneous evolution of the universe including the standard big bang picture, inflationary cosmology, dark matter, and the possibility of present-day accelerated expansion. The second semester focuses on the late stages in the evolution of the universe, when gravity results in the growth of large-scale structure, perturbations in the cosmic microwave background, gravitational lensing and other non-linear phenomena.
1950	PHY	580	S08-09		Extramural Summer Research Project	Summer research project designed in consultation with the student's research adviser and an industrial, NGO, or government sponsor that will provide practical experience relevant to the student's research area. Start date no earlier than June 1. A written research report and sponsor's evaluation are required at the end of the experience.
1951	PLS	102	S08-09		Beginning Polish II	A continuation of PLS 101. This course continues to develop and refine the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing), teaching all fundamental aspects of Polish grammar and basic communication skills on a variety of situations.  As the course progresses, the rich Central European culture will be sampled through poetry, film and fictional, as well as expository prose.
1952	POL	220	S08-09	SA	American Politics	This course focuses on developing a systematic way to think about American politics that goes beyond knowing current events.  It provides students with a broad background in concepts and questions central to the study of political institutions, behaviors, and traditions in the United States. Each week students will be asked to apply political science theories to important debates in American politics.  Examples of possible topics include analyzing election outcomes, gay marriage, congressional budgeting, presidential war powers, homeland security, partisan polarization, public opinion, media bias, judicial activism, and affirmative action.
1953	POL	230	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Comparative Politics	This course surveys institutions of government and explores the role of government in economic and social affairs in developing as well as advanced industrial countries. The overarching theme is the relationship between capitalism, democracy, and economic development. The course also provides an introduction to the comparative method: using some major books in Comparative Politics as examples, we will explore how different scholars use cross-national comparison to gain insight into political dynamics.
1954	POL	240	S08-09	SA	International Relations	This course is an introduction to the causes and nature of international conflict and cooperation. We critically examine various theories of international politics by drawing on examples from various historical eras as well as across security and economic affairs. Topics include the causes of war, the pursuit of economic prosperity, the sources of international order and its breakdown, and the rise of challenges to national sovereignty.
1955	POL	250	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Game Theory	Introduction to strategic issues in politics. After a brief introduction to game theory, we will look in depth at voting, collective action, deliberation, and deterrence.
1956	POL	303	S08-09	EM	Modern Political Theory	The course offers an overview of classic texts in modern political theory, focusing specifically on the social contract tradition and its critics. Readings include selections from Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Mill, and Marx.
1957	POL	306	S08-09	EM	Democratic Theory	This course will introduce thinkers to the principal historical figures in thinking about democracy: Aristotle, Hobbes, Rousseau, Mill, Schumpeter and others. But the rationale of the course is philosophical rather than historical. Let democracy require that government be of the people, by the people and for the people: that the people be the ultimate governing authority, that they be the agents by whom  government is conducted, and that they be the beneficiaries in whose interest government is exercised. The aim of the course will be to see whether there is a plausible and appealing sense in which those conditions can be fulfilled.
1958	POL	313	S08-09	EM	Global Justice	What, if any, norms of justice apply to the institutions and practice of world politics? Topics include "political realism" and skepticism about global morality; just wars and justice in warfare; ethics of humanitarian intervention; the nature and basis of human rights; world poverty and global distributive justice; democracy and accountability in global institutions. Readings chosen from recent works in political philosophy.
1959	POL	316	S08-09	EM	Civil Liberties	This course will focus on the following civil liberties: freedom of religion; freedom of speech and press; fair treatment in the criminal justice system; sexual privacy. We will also look at recent Supreme Court decisions considering the rights of "enemy combatants" detained by the United States. Readings will mainly be Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) opinions.
1960	POL	318	S08-09	SA	Law and Society	An examination of courts as unique legal and political institutions with distinctive approaches to resolving disputes and formulating law and public policy. Emphasis is on American and international courts.
1961	POL	324	S08-09	SA	Congressional Politics	This course introduces students to the many facets of the U.S. Congress-asking "What does Congress do and why?" In so doing, it provides students with a set of tools useful for understanding how institutions create incentives for behavior. Some of the many topics we will examine include: congressional elections, the role of political parties and interest groups in lawmaking and elections, how the organization of Congress affects lawmaking, and issues of representation and accountability.
1962	POL	327	S08-09	SA	Mass Media and American Politics	This course considers the role of the mass media in American politics and the influence of the media on Americans' political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.  We will examine the nature of news and news making organizations, the role of the news media in electoral campaigns, how the media shape the behavior of politicians once in office, political advertising, and the impact of the media on Americans' political attitudes.
1963	POL	332	S08-09	SA	Statesmanship: Anglo-American Theory and Practice	This course considers Anglo-American statesmanship in theory and practice over the last two hundred years. Its purpose is to examine the behavior of certain key figures in recent western history and to adduce from it--if possible--a more general typology of political power and significance.
1964	POL	333	S08-09	SA	Latino Politics in the U.S.	This course will explore the personal, political, historical and sacred aspects of la comunidad Latina in the United States from the perspective of a theory of transformation. The course intends to provide students from all backgrounds the opportunity to see a people in their own midst becoming and being political as they move forward to create a new culture and community in this country.
1965	POL	342	S08-09	SA	The Politics of Gender and Sexuality	This course is about power. We will analyze the assumption that gender and sexuality are important categories for political analysis by asking how gender and sexuality are: "political", codified by law, shaped by values and policies, deployed to affect political outcomes, and combined with other factors to help or hinder the expression of power. Contexts for analysis will include: legal definitions of sexuality and gender; politics and policies of marriage and family; consensual, non-consensual, and commercial sex; social expectations of masculinity and femininity; and the law and economics of gender politics.
1966	POL	346	S08-09	QR	Applied Quantitative Analysis	Builds on the material of POL 345. During the course, we will develop and estimate more sophisticated and realistic empirical models of political behavior than those encountered in POL 345.
1967	POL	351	S08-09	SA	Politics in the Developing Countries	This course examines the politics of development through discussions of theory and comparative analysis in selected countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Topics include colonialism. nationalism, ethnic and class conflict, state-building and state failure, globalization, HIV/AIDS and the causes and consequences of democratic regime change.
1968	POL	352	S08-09	SA	Comparative Political Economy	The focus of this course will be on the origins and economic impact of political institutions (e.g. Democracy vs. Autocracy, different types of Democracy). We shall argue that these are not "neutral", as different institutions allocate differently political power among social groups with conflicting goals, who have then naturally different preferences on them. A special attention shall be paid to the influence of international relations (and particularly international conflicts) on domestic institutions, and policy outcomes. Occasionally, I will also make use of some simple formal models of political economy.
1969	POL	354	S08-09	SA	Social Revolutions: Latin America in Comparative Perspective	Through the analysis of a range of historical cases, this course considers the factors underlying the emergence and success of revolutions, as well as the process by which they unfold. Readings are drawn from classics in political science and sociology, as well as research conducted more recently. Cases include Russia, Cuba, Iran, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia.
1970	POL	360	S08-09	SA	Social Movements and Contentious Politics	This course examines the politics of protest and various forms of unconventional collective action sometimes collectively referred to as "contentious politics".  This includes not only social movements, but also such phenomena as revolutions, riots, strikes, pogroms, civil wars, terrorist movements, and peasant uprisings.  The course investigates why people participate in collective action, why actors choose particular tactics to press demands, and what determines whether collective action is successful, using concrete examples of social movements, revolutions, protest actions, and collective violence from around the world.
1971	POL	364	S08-09	SA	Political Systems of the Middle East	This course offers students an overview of modern Middle Eastern politics. The course will first provide a historical  analysis outlining the conditions that shape the formation and consolidation of authoritarian rule in modern Middle Eastern states. We will examine the political economy of the region, Islamic politics, state-society relations, wars, and other topics as probable explanatory variables to authoritarian persistence. Through case studies, the course will also focus on the impact of authoritarian rule on the political economy, civil societies, and opposition movements in the region.
1972	POL	366	S08-09	SA	Politics in Africa	This course provides an introduction to the study of African politics.  The lectures and readings briefly review the social and historical context of contemporary political life.  They then profile the changes of the early post-Independence period, the authoritarian turn of the 1970s and 80s, the second liberation of the 1990s, and problems of war and development.  Although the lectures trace a narrative, each also introduces a major analytical debate and an important policy problem in the study of Africa and of other parts of the world. Broadly comparative with some special attention to selected countries.
1973	POL	378	S08-09	SA	Politics in India	This course will introduce students to politics in the large subcontinental country of India. Themes discussed during the course will be those that are both important to India and to a general study of politics in a developing country. The following questions will help organize the course: How does one make sense of democracy in a poor, multi-ethnic setting? How has democratic politics shaped and been shaped by a society divided along numerous lines such as caste, class, and linguistic and religious identities? And how well has a democratic state fared in promoting economic development, both growth and equity?
1974	POL	379	S08-09	SA	Intelligence, National Security and the Constitutional Democracy	This course treats intelligence and constitutional issues essential to evaluate controversies in national security and civil liberties in a democracy. We examine tensions through history, statute, technology, public opinion, the media and current events. Can we implement effective security and not adversely impact our constitutional rights? What is the "correct" relationship between intelligence and law enforcement? Should information be shared and/or protected? Technology threatens or protects? Is post 9/11 reform on track? You decide if government is making the right choices "for the country and individuals" based on this critical material.
1975	POL	380	S08-09	SA	Human Rights	A study of the politics and history of human rights. What are human rights? How can dictatorships be resisted from the inside and the outside? Can we prevent genocide? Is it morally acceptable and politically wise to launch humanitarian military interventions to prevent the slaughter of foreign civilians? What are the laws of war, and how can we punish the war criminals who violate them? Cases include the Ottoman Empire, Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Bosnia, and Rwanda.
1976	POL	392	S08-09	SA	American Foreign Policy	An examination of American Foreign Policy since World War II with emphasis on strategic issues and events influencing America's security posture.  The course traces the evolution of national security strategies and their implementations through domestic and international means in support of American Foreign Policy during the Cold War.  Students will become familiar with America's choices in using diplomacy, military or other options to carry out its foreign policy. There will be particular emphasis on challenges arising in the aftermath of the Cold War.
1977	POL	413	S08-09	SA	Seminar in Political Theory: Slavery and the Politics of Memory	How should we reckon with the legacies of slavery? Recent demands for reparations, truth and reconciliation, and the prosecution of war crimes reinforce the idea that a more democratic future depends on public remembrance of past injuries. At the same time, calls for race-blindness make it difficult to connect contemporary injustices in the U.S. with the afterlife of slavery. This seminar will investigate the presence of the slave past, moving from a general inquiry into the politics of remembering and forgetting to more specific questions about the ongoing effects of slavery and the responsibilities that follow from it.
1978	POL	421	S08-09	SA	Seminar in American Politics: Public Opinion	This course considers a central question of democracy - can the people govern? Do citizens have the capacity and motivation to hold officials accountable? Influential research suggests that they do not. People do not know even basic facts about the American political system, they often seem to make up opinions on the fly, they lack coherent political ideologies, and they seem easily manipulated by the media and election campaigns. But other research suggests that despite these shortcomings, public opinion is good enough.  We will  consider both the negative and positive assessments, relying on original research and real world examples.
1979	POL	422	S08-09	SA	Seminar in American Politics: Religious Liberty in American Constitutional History	This seminar will be an in-depth examination of the history of constitutional doctrines - both federal and state - concerning religious liberty. Special attention will be given to the cultural matrix out of which these doctrines emerged. Thus we shall look not only at the pertinent legal norms, but at the surrounding political, historical, and theological context.
1980	POL	423	S08-09	SA	Seminar in American Politics: Politics of Crime and Punishment	This course explores a wide variety of topics related to crime in America, including: drugs and addiction; guns and school shootings; gangs and organized crime; and media and video games. We will also examine policy and political responses to crime, assessing different models of punishment and examining the causes and consequences of growing incarceration rates. Students will gain a broad understanding of issues related to law and order in contemporary society.
1981	POL	431	S08-09	SA	Seminar in Comparative Politics: Latin American Political Economy	This seminar covers selected topics in the political economy of Latin America. The main emphasis will be on the international and domestic roots of the neoliberal economic reforms since the 1980s. We will pay special attention to the debate about the extent to which these reforms were compatible with democratic politics. We will also analyze the role of economic crisis as a driver of reforms and the implications of the region's high income inequality for the prospects of democracy and economic liberalism in Latin America.
1982	POL	503	S08-09		Survey Analysis	A  reading course on survey design and analysis and a practicum on analyzing survey data.  Each student will write a paper based on his or her analysis of previously collected survey data or on original survey data collected by the student. Course open to Politics seniors by permission. (Does not prepare for the General Exam in Formal and Quantitative  Analysis.)
1983	POL	507	S08-09		Nationalism and Political Theory	An overview of the literature on nationalism in political theory.  Course examines nineteenth-century defenses of nationalism as well as current theories of liberal nationalism and cultural rights.  Special attention will be paid to language rights, secession, claims to land and territory, and immigration.
1984	POL	512	S08-09		Ancient and Medieval Political Theory	A seminar devoted to an analysis of the political thought of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine,  Thomas Aquinas, and the theorists of the conciliar movement.
1985	POL	520	S08-09		Contemporary Egalitarianism	The course explores different theories of equality that have been proposed by political philosophers since the 1960's.  Questions to be considered include the following:  Is equality a value or do we care about inequality for non-egalitarian reasons?  To the extent that equality is a value, along what dimension should people enjoy equality?  What is the relationship between equality and luck?  Should the egalitarian aim be to nullify the effects of luck on people's life prospects?  Should institutions be the main object of egalitarian concern?
1986	POL	525	S08-09		Comparative Bureaucracy	A seminar dealing theoretically and empirically with the role of bureaucracy as an integral part of the political system, with an emphasis on the relation of the governmental bureaucracy to other governmental institutions (political parties, executives, legislatures) and to nongovernmental institutions. All aspects are treated comparatively.
1987	POL	541	S08-09		The American Political System	An examination of political institutions and the study of political institutions focused on the United States.  Provides an overview of the various problems for which institutional solutions are sought (e.g., problems involving collective action, delegation, and social choice) as well as a detailed assessment of some of the scholarly literature that investigates political institutions.  We will cover executive, judicial, and legislative politics, but the course may focus more heavily on legislative institutions and politics given the instructor's expertise.
1988	POL	550	S08-09		International Organization	Why do states establish institutions and what determines their design and evolution?  Do these institutions merely reflect underlying power and interests? The course will introduce theories of international institutions, evaluate critical perspectives, and examine applications in security, economic, and environmental policy areas.
1989	POL	552	S08-09		Theories of International Politics	History of international relations theory, current debates, and applications to problems of international security and political economy.
1990	POL	554	S08-09		International Security Studies	Central topics in security studies, including the causes and nature of war, deterrence, alliance formation, military doctrine, civil-military relations, arms competition, and arms control.
1991	POL	565	S08-09		Theories of Judicial Review	An introduction to the debate over the legitimacy and proper scope of judicial review and the empirical literature or judicial review and judicial politics, with a goal of connecting debates over what the Court should do with an understanding of what the Court can do and has done.
1992	POL	569	S08-09		Government Decision-Making: Empirical Analysis of Formal Models	This class will explore connections between formal theory and empirical analysis.  A major goal of the class is to link the training students receive in methods classes to substantive questions from the literature. Readings will include articles and books that attempt these ends. In addition, we will consider a few specific topics of government decision-making,  read works covering a range of methodological approaches  to examining that topic, and consider how the testing of formal theory does and does not contribute to that literature.
1993	POL	572	S08-09		Quantitative Analysis II	This is the second course in the quantitative methods sequence.  It will emphasize the flexibility of the maximum likelihood framework in the context of regression models, models that mix qualitiative and continuous endogenous variables, hazard models, and scaling models.
1994	POL	574	S08-09		Quantitative Analysis IV	An introduction to the basic analytical and computational tools of applied Bayesian statistics.  Methods covered include multi-level models, mixture modeling, Bayesian model averaging, and models for missing data and causal inference; computational tools taught include the EM algorithm and the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.  Goal of the course is to enable students to build and implement their own model in order to answer a particular research question.  Course may be of interest to those in disciplines outside of political science who need to learn the basics of applied Bayesian statistics.
1995	POL	575	S08-09		Formal Political Analysis I	An introduction to mathematical models of political processes. The course develops the analytical foundations for examining problems in collective choice. The technical development focuses on the logical structure of formal models as well as on their use to develop testable hypotheses. The presentation of technical apparatus is combined with a wide range of applications. Topics include models of majority rule, direct and representative democracy, political competition under various electoral systems, and political economy.
1996	POL	581	S08-09		African American Political Thought	Politics has played a key role in the African American experience in the United States. This course offers and intensive introduction to black political thought. This course focuses on the various ideologies and strategies, which have informed the African American quest for human fulfillment, self-actualization, and equity in the United States of America. The readings will focus on thinkers and activists from the twentieth century.
1997	POL	582	S08-09		Advanced Comparative Political Economy	A broad introduction to the state of the art of the research in formal comparative political economy (CPE), in which the topic of  the economic role and of the economic origin of political institutions is perhaps the most central.  A number of models are viewed in detail, discussing their substantive results and how the models can improve our understanding of important questions of comparative political economy.
1998	POL	584	S08-09		Foundations of Political Economy	Course focuses on modeling the interaction of politics and economics, with applications to a variety of substantive areas.  Topics include: poltics of taxation and redistribution; governmental structure, political economy of constitutional arrangements, development, and growth.  Familiarity with microeconomic theory and POL 575 or the equivalent are prerequisites.
1999	POL	589	S08-09		State Formation and Political Regimes	Course surveys major topics and theoretical contributions in the construction of political order, the choice of constitutional regimes and the sources of citizens' compliance and examines: the formation and development of the modern state; democracy; authoritarianism; revolution and political stability; legitimacy and compliance; nationalism; and macro theories of political change. Each session assigns readings from both traditional macrohistorical and qualitative research and more recent analytical models, with the goal of exploring how research in comparative politics should be pursued in the future.
2000	POL	591	S08-09		Directed Research	During the third semester, each student writes a research paper under the direction of a faculty member.
2001	POL	593	S08-09		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
2002	POL	594	S08-09		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
2003	POL	595	S08-09		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
2004	POL	596	S08-09		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
2005	POL	597	S08-09		Research Seminars	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-year students for 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
2006	POP	503	S08-09		Evaluation of Demographic Research	Course is designed for doctoral students in their third year of a specialization in demography. One objective of the course is to examine critically how researchers tackle demographic research questions. A second related goal is to explore the construction of a dissertation and a research paper.
2007	POR	108	S08-09		Introductory Brazilian Portuguese	Normally open to students already proficient in Spanish, this course uses that knowledge as a basis for the accelerated learning of Portuguese. Emphasis on the concurrent development of understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The two-semester sequence Portuguese 108-109 is designed to provide in only one year of study a command of the language sufficient for travel and research in Brazil and Portugal.
2008	POR	109	S08-09		Intermediate Brazilian Portuguese	Students will further develop their language skills, especially those of comprehension and oral proficiency, through grammar review, readings, film and other activities. The two-semester  sequence POR 108-109 is designed to give in only one year of study a command of the Portuguese language sufficient for travel in Brazil, Portugal and beyond.
2009	POR	110	S08-09		Intensive Portuguese	An intensive course designed for students who have fulfilled the language requirement in Spanish or another Romance language. Knowledge of one of these languages provides the basis for the accelerated learning of Portuguese. This one-semester 'crash' course teaches fundamental communication skills--comprehension, speaking, reading and writing--and some exposure to cultural aspects of the Portuguese-speaking world, but does not offer an in-depth study of grammar.
2010	POR	208	S08-09		Portuguese in Context: Studies in Language and Style	Designed as a journey through the Lusophone world this course seeks to present the Portuguese language in context by exploring historical, social, political and cultural aspects of Brasil, Portugal, and Lusophone Africa through the media, literature, film, music and other realia.  Students will increase their fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Portuguese, broadening their vocabulary and mastery of syntax through textual analysis, discussions, oral presentations and grammar review. An advanced language course and overview of the Lusophone world, POR 208 seeks to prepare students for further study of  literature and culture.
2011	POR	209	S08-09		Portuguese Cultural Themes	This course will look at migration in the Portuguese-speaking world. What motivates people to leave their homeland? What are the challenges that face them? How do they navigate and respond to their new circumstances? We will explore themes of exile and displacement, ethnicity, identity, economics, tradition and saudade through documentary and dramatic films, scholarly and literary texts, and music from and about the lusophone diaspora. POR 209 seeks to review and expand students' knowledge of grammar, increase fluency and accuracy in written and spoken Portuguese and provide a solid foundation for further study of literature and culture.
2012	POR	301	S08-09	LA	Modern Brazilian Literature and Culture	An introduction to Brazilian Literature through the study of the representations of the city and of the urban spaces in poetry, contemporary narrative and film. Readings will range from Mario de Andrade's Paulicéia Desvairada (Hallucinated City) and from São Paulo as an emergent metropolis in the 20's, to the decayed lyricism of some bohemian and suburban zones. The failed utopianism of Brasilia will be discussed through the ambivalences of the avant-gardes of the 60's. We will also read short stories of R. Fonseca portraying Rio de Janeiro's violent city life and its representations on Brazilian contemporary cinema.
2013	POR	305	S08-09	LA	Poetry of Portugal	An introduction to major poetic works of the Portuguese canon from the medieval period to the present day. We will analyze the poetic form itself, trace its evolution in Portugal, including the shift from epic to "anti-epic" writing and the relationship of poetry and music in the Portuguese tradition. The treatment of a number of recurring preoccupations will be explored, most notably those of personal and national identity, decadence, exile and escapism.
2014	POR	561	S08-09		Modern Brazilian Literature	The seminar will analize the emergence of modern subjectivities in Brazilian literature in confrontation with the cultural inheritance of patriarchalism. Freyre's anthropology revealed the inextricable ties of perversity and pleasure at the core of the "casa grande". Modernist avant-garde dreamed of an utopian matriarchal realm. Poets as C. Drummond and Cabral de Mello, performed with irony the mourning of the old traditional families. We will follow the development of this thematics from Modernism to contemporay fiction.
2015	PSY	101	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Psychology	The study of human nature from the viewpoint of psychological science. Topics range from the biological bases of human perception, thought and action to the social-psychological determinants of individual and group behavior.  This course is a pre-requisite for majoring in psychology, and can also serve as one of the two lab courses used to satisfy the science and technology (ST) requirement.
2016	PSY	251	S08-09	QR	Quantitative Methods	The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the basic techniques of statistical analysis used in psychological research. Students will learn the logic underlying the statistical techniques and learn how to perform statistical analyses and interpret the results.
2017	PSY	254	S08-09	EC	Developmental Psychology	A survey of human development emphasizing the nature of children's minds and experience, developmental change, and the relation between child and adult mentation.  How do children at different periods in development think, feel, and experience the world around them?  Students will be actively involved in preschool settings.
2018	PSY	255	S08-09	EC	Cognitive Psychology	The course will survey the major themes and experimental findings of Cognitive Psychology.  We will address the question of how scientists probed the nature and underlying structure of human thought.  Topics covered will include attention, perception, imagery, memory, language, thinking, decision making, and cognitive neuroscience.
2019	PSY	257	S08-09	SA	Personality	What is personality?  What do we want to know about people to understand personality?  This course will survey major approaches to the study of personality, including psychodynamic, social cognitive, and trait approaches.  The focus will be on the assumptions made by each approach, relevant techniques for collecting and analyzing data, and theoretical and practical implications.
2020	PSY	259A	S08-09	EC	Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience	This course will offer an introduction to cognitive brain functions including higher perceptual functions, attention and selective perception, systems for short- and long-term memory, language, cerebral lateralization, motor control, executive functions of the frontal lobe, cognitive development and plasticity, and the problem of consciousness.  Major neuropsychological syndromes (e.g. agnosia, amnesia) will be discussed.
2021	PSY	259B	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience	This course will offer an introduction to cognitive brain functions including higher perceptual functions, attention and selective perception, systems for short- and long-term memory, language, cerebral lateralization, motor control, executive functions of the frontal lobe, cognitive development and plasticity, and the problem of consciousness.  Major neuropsychological syndromes (e.g. agnosia, amnesia) will be discussed.
2022	PSY	307	S08-09	EC	Educational Psychology	Principles of psychology relevant to the theory and practice of education. Through selected readings, discussion, and classroom observations, students study theories of development, learning, cognition (including literacy), and motivation, as well as individual and group differences in these areas; assessment; and the social psychology of the classroom. The course focuses on how learning by children and adolescents at the elementary, middle, and secondary school levels is influenced by their own characteristics and experiences and the various contexts in which they learn: family, school, community and culture.
2023	PSY	320	S08-09	SA	Theories of Psychotherapy	Examination of different theories, techniques, settings and issues in psychotherapy.  Several class meetings will take place in clinical field settings, such as at the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital and the Forensic Center.
2024	PSY	326	S08-09	SA	Social and Personality Development	Major issues in social and personality psychology examined from a developmental perspective, with emphasis on developmental processes and change.  Data on children, adolescents and adults will be considered.  Topics include: attachment, self-concept, self-esteem, achievement, gender roles, moral development, prosocial behavior, and aggression. Particular attention to role of culture.
2025	PSY	327	S08-09	SA	Close Relationships	Close relationships are at the core of the human experience.  You already have extensive experience with relationships of many sorts--family bonds, friendships, and probably romantic partnerships as well.  The objective of this course is to introduce you to the scientific perspective on close relationships.  You will learn how research psychologists apply the scientific method of data collection and analysis to investigate how people experience and think about relationships in general, and romantic relationships in particular.
2026	PSY	330	S08-09	ST	Introduction to Connectionist Models:  Bridging Between Brain and Mind	A fundamental goal of cognitive neuroscience is to understand how psychological functions such as attention, memory, language, and decision-making arise from computations performed by assemblies of neurons in the brain.  This course will provide an introduction to the use of connectionist models (also known as neural network or parallel distributed processing models) as a tool for exploring how psychological functions are implemented in the brain, and how they go awry in patients with brain damage.
2027	PSY	336	S08-09	EC	The Diversity of Brains	The premise of this seminar is that an understanding of the neural basis of behavior can be gained by examining species-typical behaviors. Each animal species has evolved neural solutions to specific problems posed to them by their environment.  The course will focus primarily on forebrain mechanisms in mammals, highlighting the unique environmental problems that a species must solve and the ways in which the brains of these animals implement their solutions. Some example model systems include prey capture by bats, monogamy and aggression in voles, and eye gaze processing by primates.
2028	PSY	338	S08-09	EC	Animal Learning and Decision Making: Psychological, Computational and Neural Perspectives	Seminar designed to expose students to a modern, integrative view of animal learning phenomena from experimental psychology, through the lens of computational models and current neuroscientific knowledge. At the psychological level, we will concentrate on classical and instrumental conditioning. Computationally, we will view these as exemplars of prediction learning and action selection, the pillars of reinforcement learning. Neurally, we will focus on the roles of dopamine and the basal ganglia at the systems level. Students will see how the study of animal decision making can inform us about the computations that take place in the brain.
2029	PSY	406	S08-09	EC	Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex: Organization, Functions, and Pathology	An introduction to the main principles of organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC).  We will compare monkey and human PPCs, covering topics including encoding of eye movements, number and visual motion representations, processing of object information, and attentional functions.  We will emphasize the pathology resulting from damage to PPC by discussing syndromes like optic ataxia and hemispatial neglect. We will present a 'hands on' science experience by drawing on current lab research, focusing on the design and analyses of 'real' experiments on the PPC with opportunities to attend ongoing functional imaging studies.
2030	PSY	415	S08-09	EC	Advanced Topics in Learning & Memory: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms	Seminar designed to expose students to current research on the cellular and molecular bases of learning and memory, providing an up-to-date analysis of what is, and is not, known about the neurobiology of learning and memory. We begin with a review of the model systems used to study learning and memory, including an analysis of the translational validity of certain model systems. We then deal with different forms of plasticity (synaptic and structural) as they pertain to learning and memory during development and adulthood. Finally, we apply some of these findings to evaluate the current status of research on aging and Alzheimer's.
2031	PSY	416	S08-09	EC	Brain Imaging in Cognitive Neuroscience Research	Provides an introduction for advanced psychology students on the use of functional brain imaging in cognitive neuroscience research. The first third of the course will cover the foundations of brain imaging in neurophysiology, imaging physics, experimental design, & image analysis. The remainder will be an examination of innovations in experimental design & methods of analysis that have opened new areas of cognitive neuroscience to inquiry using functional brain imaging.  Students will gain first-hand exposure to the scanning environment, data collection procedures, and basic, hands-on experience with data treatment & statistical analysis.
2032	PSY	501	S08-09		Proseminar in Basic Problems in Psychology:  Cognitive Psychology	Cognitive Proseminar:  Introduction to graduate level cognitive psychology for first year graduate students in psychology.  This course will serve as the basis for more advanced graduate courses on specific topics in this area.
2033	PSY	502	S08-09		Proseminar in Basic Problems in Psychology:  Neuroscience and Neuropsychology	Neuroscience Proseminar:  Introduction to graduate level neuroscience psychology for first year graduate students in psychology.  This course will serve as the basis for more advanced graduate courses on specific topics in this area.
2034	PSY	504	S08-09		Experimental Design and Analysis in Psychological Research	This course will provide students with a broad overview of multivariate statistics.  Topics covered will include multiple regression, analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, principal components analysis, factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling.
2035	PSY	511	S08-09		Current Issues in Neuroscience and Behavior	Advanced seminar that reflects current research on brain and behavior.  Research by seminar participants and articles from the literature will be discussed.
2036	PSY	533	S08-09		The Behavioral Foundations of Policy	Course explores the potential role of behavioral research and insights in the formulation and conduct of policy.  Various policy areas - financial, legal, medical, social - are considered, and the relevance and impact of behavioral research and knowledge on policy thinking are discussed. Further research and the development of appropriate interventions and behaviorally informed tools are explored.
2037	PSY	543	S08-09		Research Seminar in Cognitive Psychology	A seminar that deals with current research and issues in sensation, perception, and cognition.  Ongoing research by seminar participants, research methodology, and current issues in the literature will be discussed.
2038	PSY	551	S08-09		Design and Interpretation of Social Psychological Research	An advanced seminar that considers current research in social psychology.  Contemporary research conducted by the seminar participants will be discussed.
2039	PSY	591A	S08-09		Responsible Conduct of Research	Examination of issues in the responsible conduct of scientific research, including the definition of scientific misconduct, mentoring, authorship, peer review, grant practices, use of humans and of animals as subjects, ownership of data, and conflict of interest.  Class will consist primarily of the discussion of cases.  Required of all first and second year graduate students in the Department of Psychology.  Open to other graduate students.
2040	PSY	591B	S08-09		Neuroethics	Discussion of ethical issues raised by developments in neuroscience, including pharmacological enhancement of mood and cognition, neuroimaging, and transmagnetic stimulation. (Half-term course).
2041	QCB	511	S08-09		Modeling Tools for Cell and Developmental Biology	Mathematical models of complex natural phenomena can organize large amounts of data, provide access to properties that are difficult or impossible to measure experimentally, and suggest new experimental tests of proposed regulatory mechanisms. Participants will demonstrate these ideas in the context of cell and developmental biology. Using a number of well-established experimental systems, such as dynamic instability of microtubules and circadian clocks, course introduces stochastic and deterministic models of reaction and diffusion processes and computational methods for their analysis.
2042	REL	219	S08-09	EM	Business Ethics and Modern Religious Thought	The course objective is to learn basic ethics theory and develop practical tools for business ethics, with particular attention throughout the course to the role of religion and spirituality in ethical formation, frameworks, and decision making.  This will be applied to contemporary business ethics case studies.
2043	REL	222	S08-09	EC	Religion in Modern Thought and Film	This course surveys conceptions of religion that have been influential in the modern period, and critically examines the theories of knowledge, interpretation, society, and culture associated with them. Among the approaches considered are Augustinian theology, Enlightenment skepticism, Marxism, cultural anthropology, phenomenology, feminism, and Freudian psychology.  Films by such directors as Hitchcock and Von Trier are used to explore the main issues covered.
2044	REL	226	S08-09	EM	The Religions of China	A thematic introduction to the history of Chinese religion.  Topics include cosmology, ancestors, gods, mythology, ethics, shamanism, divination, gender, and mortuary ritual.  Readings drawn from a wide range of sources, including sacred scriptures, philosophical texts, popular literature, and modern ethnography.
2045	REL	236	S08-09	SA	Introduction to Islam	This introductory course provides a thematic overview of Islamic beliefs, rituals and practices.  We will study both majority Muslim societies and Muslim minority communities in the past and present. The course will highlight commonalities among Muslims but will also focus on historical, geographical and cultural diversities. Course materials include primary sources in translation, academic articles and books, feature and documentary films, fiction in translation, internet sites and power point presentations. Students will be required to participate in at least one of two possible field trips in the New York/New Jersey area.
2046	REL	311	S08-09	EC	Religious Existentialism	An in-depth study of existentialist philosophies of, among others, Søren Kierkegaard, Simone Weil, Martin Heidegger, Hans Jonas, and Emmanuel Levinas. The course will focus on their respective arguments about the relations between philosophy and existence, reason and revelation, divine law and love, philosophy, religion, and politics, and Judaism and Christianity.
2047	REL	313	S08-09	EC	Pragmatism and Religion:  James and Dewey	This seminar will examine the works of two important classical pragmatists, William James and John Dewey, and their views about religion.  Several questions will guide our efforts:  how do James and Dewey understand and respond to evil and death?  Is a conception of God important to their thoughts about religion?  Attention will be given throughout the course to the concepts of nature, experience, and piety.
2048	REL	320	S08-09	HA	African American Religious History	Reading, reflection, discussion, and writing upon the religious history and culture of African-Americans with particular attention to ritual, music, literature, and creative expression.  Folktales, blues, spirituals, gospel music, the chanted sermon, worship traditions, magical-medicinal practices among black Americans will be examined through literary texts, visual presentation, public performances, and film.
2049	REL	322	S08-09	HA	Buddhism in Japan	This course will examine representative aspects of Buddhist thought and practice in Japan from the sixth century to the present.  We will focus on the major Buddhist traditions--including Lotus, Pure Land, esoteric Buddhism, and Zen--as well as Buddhism and the literary arts, modern challenges to traditional Buddhism, and contemporary Buddhist movements.  Readings will include scriptures, sermons, tales, and philosophical essays, as well as selected secondary sources.  Some background in either Japan or Buddhism is strongly recommended.
2050	REL	323	S08-09	EC	Buddhist Philosophy in India and Tibet	This course examines the Buddhist philosophical traditions of India and Tibet, beginning with basic Buddhism, and then focusing on the major schools of "Great Vehicle" thought: the Middle Way and Mind-Only traditions.  Some course work in Philosophy or Religion is expected. No background in the study of Buddhism is required.
2051	REL	324	S08-09	EC	Mind and Meditation	An examination of the philosophy, history, and methods of Buddhist meditation. Buddhist theoretical works will be studied in their traditional contexts and considered in the light of modern philosophy of mind and cognitive science regarding the emotions, the will, and the effects of meditation.  Some coursework in Philosophy or Religion is expected.
2052	REL	352	S08-09	HA	Jesus:  From Earliest Sources to Contemporary Interpretations	In this seminar we will investigate the earliest known sources--both gospels in the New Testament and "gnostic gospels" outside the NT, including the [Gospels of Thomas], [Mary Magdalene], and [Philip]; second, we will explore a range of attempts to place Jesus in historical context, third, we will look at interpretations of Jesus in some poetry, theology, fiction, and film.
2053	REL	364	S08-09	EM	Love and Justice	Analysis of philosophical and theological accounts of love and justice, with emphasis on how they interrelate.  Is love indiscriminate and therefore antithetical to justice, or can love take the shape of justice?  What are the implications for moral, political, and legal theory?  Attention will be given to discussions of citizenship, welfare reform, forgiveness and reparations, and criminal punishment.  The seminar also considers recent efforts to revive a tradition of political theology in which love's relation to justice is a prominent theme.
2054	REL	388	S08-09	EC	Religious Experience and Mysticism	This seminar covers important attempts to understand the nature of religious experiences and mysticism.We will trace the history of the concepts of religious experience and mysticism and then examine debates about what the relationship between religious experiences, language, and culture is and whether religious experiences justify religious beliefs.
2055	REL	389	S08-09	EM	Women, Religion, and Human Rights	This course will examine the intersection of women's rights and religious practices.  We shall study the theological perspectives of Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity in regard to the human being, freedom, equality, and women.  We shall then consider three questions that complicate the enjoyment of particular rights norms by religious women, namely relativism, privacy, and agency.
2056	REL	503	S08-09		Studies in East Asian Religions: Issues in Premodern Japanese Religion	This seminar will explore major issues in recent scholarship on premodern Japanese religions in both English and Japanese (for seminar participants with sufficient Japanese reading capacity). Topics may include debates over understandings of "esoteric" Buddhism; new thinking about the origins of Shinto and the relation of kami and buddhas; religion and Japanese identity formation; religion and worldly authority; interactions of ritual, site, and image; and the rise of Buddhist mortuary practice and concepts of the afterlife. Topics and readings can to some extent be arranged to accommodate student interests.
2057	REL	504	S08-09		Studies in Greco-Roman Religions: Varieties of Early Christianity	We  will investigate classic sources for the "varieties of early Christianity," noting especially social history  in the times of its formation, focusing on the writings of major figures including  Justin Martyr  and the "heretic" Valentinus (Rome, c, 150 CE); Irenaeus (Lyons, in Gaul, c. 160-170CE), Tertullian (north Africa, c. 180-200 CE) and his Egyptian contemporary, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen (c. 230-250 CE), along with "heretical" sources from Nag Hammadi and elsewhere, where they help illuminate the issues.
2058	REL	505	S08-09		Studies in the Religions of the Americas: Biography	The last decade has witnessed an efflorescence of accomplished and acclaimed biographies of major figures in American religious history.  This seminar explores the place of biography in the field, the scope and limits of its impact, as well as the art of the genre.  Biographers and their figures include, among others:  George Marsden on Jonathan Edwards, Nell Painter on Sojourner Truth, Debby Applegate on Henry Ward Beecher, Kathi Kern on Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Robert Richardson on William James, and Michael Kazin on William Jennings Bryan.
2059	REL	506	S08-09		Studies in Theology: Recent Jewish and Christian Thought	Much of recent Jewish and Christian thought has focused on arguments defending the respective particularity of the Jewish and Christian traditions.  This seminar examines the historical reasons for, and philosophical contents of, these kinds of arguments as well as their philosophical, ethical, and political implications.
2060	REL	509	S08-09		Studies in the History of Islam: Social History of Mamluk Egypt, Syria & Hijaz	What can we, as historians, learn from late Mamluk sources about the identities, loyalties, networks and mentalities of different elite and non-elite peoples who lived during the Burji,  or so-called "Circassian" period (late ninth/fourteenth to early tenth/sixteenth centuries), in and around urban centers like Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Mecca and Madina? Readings consist of Arabic texts from a wide variety of genres, including unpublished documents of waqf,  as well as selections from the ever increasing and changing modern scholarship on the Mamluks. Two essays required in course of semester.
2061	REL	511	S08-09		Special Topics in the Study of Religion: Black Gods and Utopian Visions	This course will examine African American religious movements that emerged in the context of 20th century urbanization and migration, including Father Divine's Peace Mission Movement, the Nation of Islam, Black Hebrew Israelites, and Daddy Grace's United House of Prayer for All People.   The course will pay particular attention to the theological frameworks, visions of religious leadership, narratives of race history, and understandings of religious community these movements presented.  We will also consider literary and artistic renderings of black religious leaders and utopian visions.
2062	REL	519	S08-09		Religion and Critical Thought Workshop	A weekly seminar focused on current student and faculty research in religion and critical thought, designed primarily for graduate students working on dissertations and general examination essays on the philosophy of religion, religious ethics, and the role of religion in politics.
2063	REL	522	S08-09		Religion and Culture Workshop	A weekly, year-long workshop devoted to the critical discussion of research in progress in the ethnographic, historical, and normative study of religion and culture.  Designed for dissertation writers receiving fellowships from the Center for the Study of Religion and post-doctoral fellows.
2064	REL	524	S08-09		American Religious History Workshop	A weekly, year-long workshop focused on the current research of visiting presenters, current students, and faculty in American religious history. The workshop is designed primarily for Ph.D. students in the field, but is open as well to undergraduate concentrators with a strong background in the study of American religion and culture. Note: REL 523 (fall) and REL 524 (spring) constitute this year-long workshop. In order to receive credit and/or a grade, students must take the course both semesters.
2065	REL	586	S08-09		Religious Authority in Modern Islam	How far reaching is the "fragmentation" of religious authority in modern Islam? How have traditional religious scholars sought to rearticulate their authority in conditions of radical change?  On what basis do "new religious intellectuals" make  their claims to authority? How has the state shaped structures of religious authority? What is peculiar to modern Islam so far as conceptions of and contestations over religious authority are concerned?  These are among the questions this seminar seeks to examine.
2066	RUS	102	S08-09		Beginner's Russian II	The objective of RUS 102 is to give a basic knowledge of Russian:  basic training in speaking, reading, writing, and comprehending the Russian language in a cultural context.
2067	RUS	107	S08-09		Intermediate Russian II	Major emphasis on the development of vocabulary and oral expression with continued presentation and review of grammar.  Vocabulary thematically organized to include such topics as travel, city life, nature, hobbies, politics, etc.  Training of all language skills in a cultural context.  Vocabulary reinforced through reading of cultural texts.
2068	RUS	208	S08-09		Advanced Russian Reading and Conversation  II	A continuation of 207.  Translation and discussion of the literary texts (19th and 20th-century poetry and prose), review of selected grammar topics, work with a movie "East - West".
2069	RUS	209	S08-09		Introduction to the History of the Russian Language	Introduction to the History of the Russian language is intended for undergraduates and graduate students in all fields, e.g. (Russian literature, history, linguistics) who are interested in the Russian language. The course's primary focus is how modern Russian emerged from Old Russian, which involves the history of the Russian sound system, as well as a survey of key changes in Russian word structure and sentence structure. Reading of Old Russ. texts.
2070	RUS	406	S08-09		Russian Sentence Structure through Reading	The course has two separate but linked elements:  a practical analysis of Russian sentence structure based on the close reading and analysis of comtemporary Russian prose.
2071	SAS	301	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Indian Art	This course acquaints students with major developments in Indian art and architecture, while exploring issues relevant to the material. In order to gain a truly meaningful understanding of India, not just the romantic and spiritual images that endure in Western views of the subcontinent, we will examine Indian visual arts as they have existed from the time of their inception to the near present. The course is a survey of events in Indian history and visual culture that begins with the Indus valley civilization of c.2500 BC and ends with the contemporary period.
2072	SLA	220	S08-09	LA	The Great Russian Novel and Beyond: Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov and Others	An examination of significant trends in Russian literature from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the Russian Revolution.  The course focuses on many masterpieces of 19th & 20th-century Russian literature. The works (mostly novels) are considered from a stylistic point of view and in the context of Russian historical and cultural developments.  The course also focuses on questions of values and on the eternal "big questions"  of life that are raised in the literature.  Authors read include Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bely, Nabokov, and Kharms.  Two lectures, one preceptorial.
2073	SLA	221	S08-09	LA	Soviet Literature, 1917-1965	The course surveys major literary phenomena of the period between the October Revolution and the end of Khrushchev's Thaw.  We will examine works by avant-garde poets (Blok, Mayakovsky), proletarian writers (Serafimovich, Gladkov), and the so-called "fellow-travelers" (Zamiatin, Babel, Olesha, Bulgakov).  The discussion of these representative texts will aim at a general unerstanding of Soviet culture of this period in its various currents and phases.  Topics on which we will focus attention include: modernism and the fate of art; the Russian intelligentsia and the revolution:  from revolutionary culture to Stalinism;  the nature and method o
2074	SLA	239	S08-09	LA	Chekhov, Stanislavsky and Hollywood Film Acting	In this course we will examine the Russian roots of Hollywood film acting by studying Chekhov's major plays and the dramatic traditions, both in Russia and in the U.S., that grew out of Stanislavsky's stagings of those plays.
2075	SLA	308	S08-09	LA	The Russian Short Story	This course traces the development of the Russian 19th century short story.   The course is conducted in Russian.   Special emphasis is placed on active use of the language, both written and oral.
2076	SLA	317	S08-09	LA	Russian Fiction, Foreign Film	This course focuses on major works of Russian literature (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, and Nabokov) and their cinematic translations - first by important Russian film-makers who stay close to the text and then by leading foreign film-makers who recast the works in new cultural settings.  Beyond what they teach us about literature and film, these juxtapositions lead us to confront issues of film adaptation and cultural transposition.
2077	SLA	338	S08-09	SA	Between Heaven and Hell: Myths and Memories of Siberia	For several centuries, Siberia has enjoyed a reputation that is much worse than the place itself.  Right after its "discovery" , Siberia became the ultimate place of exile for criminals, political dissidents and religious radicals.  And yet Siberia is much more than prison-writ-large.  For ages it provided a necessary escape for those who found Russia's ruling regimes unbearable. The course  explores Siberia's histories, myths, memories, as well as Siberian ways of life - from the Siberia of nomadic tribes and Russian tsars to the Siberia of post Soviet oil giants.
2078	SLA	340	S08-09		Research Seminar	The purpose of this course is to help students prepare for their junior independent work, senior theses, and departmental exams.  The first part of the course will be devoted to close readings of short poems and literary prose texts.  In the second part, the emphasis will shift to academic and journalistic prose.  A major goal of the course will be learning to write coherent Russian academic prose.  To support these reading and writing skills, we will also introduce participants to research methods:  library research, evaluation of sources, value (and potential pitfalls) of the Russian internet.
2079	SLA	412	S08-09	LA	Selected Topics in Russian Literature and Culture: Censorship in Soviet Russia	Examines Soviet censorship of the arts and culture by reviewing the different stages of government censorship (from the Revolutionary years through to the Soviet purges, WWII, Khrushchev¿s Thaw, and Brezhnev¿s stagnation) and the institutions involved in the practice: the Communist Party, the military, the security apparatus, the education ministries, and the Church. The Soviet experience will be compared to that of Imperial Russia, other ¿socialist¿ countries, and other 20th century dictatorships. The experiences of major cultural figures will be central to our discussions: Shostakovich, Bulgakov, Eisenstein, Solzhenitsyn and Nureyev.
2080	SLA	512	S08-09		The Evolution of Russian Poetic Form	Introduction to Russian poetics through selected readings from Trediakovsky to Brodsky, organized by poetic genre and/or form. Specific topics will include: the ode, the elegy, folk adaptations, blank verse, and the significance of translation.
2081	SLA	518	S08-09		Major Russian Poets and Poetic Movements: Symbolism	The course will focus on the "Tower" of Viacheslav Ivanov and its influence on the culture of the day.  In addition to readings from the Symbolists themselves (especially Ivanov, Blok, Belyi), we will consider a number of non-Symbolist writers and other major cultural figures who attended and participated in the meetings (e.g. Meierhold, Berdiaev, Kuzmin, Mandelshtam, Khlebnikov, and perhaps even Lunacharskii).
2082	SLA	519	S08-09		Soviet Literature: 1917-1930	The course examines the culture of the post-revolutionary period in the Soviet Union through the prism of representative literary texts.  Essential to our understanding of the literary texts will be the acquaintance with the historical context of the 1920s, as well as with dominant ideological currents and artistic trends of the time.  In particular, we will be tracing the process in which a militant avant-garde culture aligned with radical social and political visions gave way to the popular and aesthetically conservative paradigm of socialist realism.  The seminar will be conducted in English
2083	SLA	540	S08-09		Russian Classics On (and Off) The Soviet-Stalinist Stage	An examination of six famous 19th-century literary works as transposed into Russian modernist theater in the 1920s-30s:  two productions by Meyerhold (Gogol's Inspector General and Griboyedov's Woe from Wit), one opera by Shostakovich (on Leskov's "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk"), and three archival documents that never passed the censor:  Krzhizhanovsky's "scenic projections: of [Evgenii Onegin] and [Hadji Murad], and  Mariengof's libretto for [Resurrection].  Our purpose is to sample aesthetic and political constraints on transpositions of the classics during the Bolshevik and Stalinist eras.
2084	SLA	599	S08-09		Slavic Dissertation Colloquium	A practical course devoted to scholarly writing intended to facilitate the proposal and dissertation writing process. The seminar meets every two to three weeks. Dissertation writers circulate work in progress for feedback and discuss issues that arise in the course of their work. The seminar is required of all post-generals students in Russian literature who are in residence.
2085	SOC	201	S08-09	SA	American Society and Politics	What have been the distinctive features of society and politics in the United States, and how is America changing? This course, which serves as an introduction to political sociology, surveys the forces in the shaping of American national identity, civil society, moral beliefs and religious organization, the state, class structure, public opinion, political economy (including relations of business and labor), racial and gender relations, and the media.
2086	SOC	222	S08-09	SA	The Sociology of Crime and Punishment	This course seeks to provide a sociological account of crime and punishment.  Why do people commit crime? How should we respond to crime? How has crime policy changed over the past several decades? What are the consequences of recent crime policy? By reading classic and contemporary sociological research, policy analysis, and media coverage, we will explore the themes of crime and punishment in contemporary society.
2087	SOC	248	S08-09	SA	Modern Mexican Society	An introduction to social, political, and economic organization of modern Mexico.  The course traces the evolution of Mexico's fundamental institutions from their birth after the Mexican Revolution of 1910, through their flowering during the 1950s and 1960s, to changes in the neoliberal era of the 1980s and 1990s.  The course ends with a consideration of Mexico's current position as a partner in the North American Free Trade Agreement.
2088	SOC	302	S08-09	SA	Sociological Theory	This course invites you to systematically review foundational texts in sociology. Attention is given to the formulation of concepts, hypotheses, and research methods.  We explore social structure and action; change and conflict; norms and roles; social class and stratification; deviance; and the link between micro- and macro-sociology.  We also consider phenomena such as modernization, urbanization, migration, industrialization, and global capitalism. Why does theory matter to contemporary politics and policy? These are among the questions we ask.
2089	SOC	303	S08-09	SA	Strategic Asia	Analysis of the recent evolution of strategic thinking in Northeast Asia with coverage linked to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. Comparative responses to common challenges: division on the Korean peninsula, the rise of China, the post-Soviet space, competition over new inter-regional ties, and a search for regionalism. Scrutiny of views over the past five years. Interdisciplinary approaches: historical roots of ideas about security, cultural assumptions behind strategic views, social networks and interests, clashing perspectives in political divisions, evolving international relations.
2090	SOC	308	S08-09	SA	Communism and Beyond: China and Russia	This course provides a basic understanding of the political, economic and social histories of the USSR/Russia and China in the 20th century.  In the last third of the course, we will explicitly compare both countries' transition to communism.
2091	SOC	310	S08-09	SA	Gender and Development in the Americas	This course examines gender as an integral component of socio-economic development in the United States and areas of Latin America.  We give attention to processes of industrial restructuring on a global scale that have increased the participation of women in the labor force and transformed men's employment alternatives.  The relationship between gender inequality and social order is a central focus.  We give special attention to liberal and Marxian approaches in economics.
2092	SOC	315	S08-09	SA	Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism in Latin America	Examines a wide range of issues regarding race, ethnicity and nationalism in Latin America. We will explore the basic sociological, political and cultural concepts of nation, race and ethnicity, emphasizing how they are used in the region. Race and ethnicity have taken on special meanings in Latin America that are disctinct from other regions. Much of the course will focus on how that came about and how race is manifested. We will emphasize comparisons to the U.S. as well as across countries within Latin America. The course will cover populations of African and indigenous origins.
2093	SOC	319	S08-09	SA	People, Things, and Animals	The social sciences usually deal with people; individuals, groups, or mankind. But definitions of what is a person and who belongs to humanity vary widely across times and places. In this course, we will look at the different ways in which people draw boundaries around mankind or within it, and discuss what purpose these boundaries serve. Can things and animals act upon humans, or only be acted upon? Do they have a role to play in constructing society? We will also look at movements that question established boundaries, such as racism/antiracism, vegetarianism and animal rights activism, choice/life activities, feminism, ecologism, etc.
2094	SOC	354	S08-09	SA	Queer Theory and Politics	We assume people are either "gay" or "straight." What happens when these categories are thrown out the window? "Queer theory" provides an answer that suggests all identity categories are unstable, fluid, multiple, and dynamic. The goal of this course is (1) to use interdisciplinary perspectives to challenge assumptions about the study of sexuality, identity, and politics and (2) to consider the relationship between identity, inequality, and social justice. Course topics will include the history of sexuality, sexuality as a mode of self-understanding, and political organizing that uses identity as the beginning point for activism.
2095	SOC	502	S08-09		Contemporary Sociological Theory	This course is an introduction to modern sociological theory from mid-twentieth century onwards.  It will begin with notions of philosophy of science concerning the nature of concepts and theory and continue with selective review of major currents of contemporary social thought.  Throughout, the emphasis will be on those ideas that can guide fruitful empirical research rather than on abstract perspectives.
2096	SOC	504	S08-09		Social Statistics	Thorough examination of linear regression from a data analytic point of view.  Sociological applications are strongly emphasized.  Topics include: (a) a review of the linear model; (b) regression diagnostics for outliers and collinearity; (c) smoothers; (d) robust regression; and (e) resampling methods. Students taking the course should have completed an introductory course in probability and statistics.
2097	SOC	505	S08-09		Research Seminar in Empirical Investigation	Preparation of research papers based on field observation, laboratory experiments, survey procedures, and secondary analysis of existing data banks.
2098	SOC	511	S08-09		Comparative Perspectives on Gender and Development	Major works in gender and development. How do masculinity and femininity relate to socio-economic change? How has gender evolved in selected geographical areas, including North America, Asia, Africa, and Latin America? What is the role of the state in defining gender? These are the questions underpinning this course. We investigate the prevalence of gender in various locations and historical periods. Subsequently, we review descriptive data and relevant theories, focusing on the centrality of gender as a vector of stratification. We also examine inequalities between men and women in the domestic and public spheres.  Half-term course.
2099	SOC	527	S08-09		Religion and Public Life (Half-Term)	Presentation and critical discussion of research in progress by participants.  Focuses on the use of social scientific methods in the study of religion and on applications of recently published work about religion and society.  Includes an emphasis on religion and public policy in the U. S. and in comparative perspective.
2100	SOC	540	S08-09		Topics in Economic and Organizational Sociology (Half-Term): Gender and Economic Activity	This course provides an introduction to a gendered analysis of economic processes and institutions. It investigates when, why, and in what ways, gender shapes production, consumption, distribution, and transfer of assets.  After a general discussion of gender theories, it will explore how gender works in a wide variety of settings such as labor markets, finance, consumption, households, informal economies, and carework.
2101	SOC	541	S08-09		Economic Sociology (Half-Term)	This course provides an introduction to economic sociology seen not as a subordination of sociology to economics but as the sociological explanation of economic phenomena. It focuses on alternative accounts of phenomena that most specialists have explained using economic concepts and theory. In particular, it seeks sociological explanations of production, consumption, and distribution, and transfer of assets. After a general orientation to economic sociology as a whole, the course explores economic activities in an unconventionally wide range of settings including households, informal sectors, gift economies, and consumption.
2102	SOC	546	S08-09		Politics and Economics (Half-Term)	Course conveys the basic ideas in economics and sociology as a prelude to understanding the surge of theory and research associated with the new economic sociology.  Course examines key economic ideas through a classic and readable introduction; explores the birth of the sociological approach to the economy in the works of Max Weber and Thorstein Veblen; and then movesto consider a selected set of critiques of orthodox economic theory and original conceptual contributions to modern economic sociology.  A half-term course.
2103	SOC	548	S08-09		Sociology of Law (Half-Term)	The discipline of sociology was born (at least in part) of law.  The earliest sociologists were almost all trained as lawyers, and their reflections on the law found their way into the earliest texts of sociology.    As a result, concepts and categories from the law have often done double duty in sociology.   In addition, because law has to react faster to social change than social theory does, legal ideas are often a first draft of social theory.  Studying law from within sociology, then, is a good way to understand both the history of sociology and the challenges that law faces in understanding and reacting to social change.
2104	SOC	562	S08-09		Race & Ethnicity (Half-Term)	This course provides an overview of important theories and theorists of race and ethnicity.  It is a half semester course (mini-seminar) that seeks to expose students to fundamental concepts and equip them for subsequent independent study.  The primary focus of the Race/Ethnicity Field is:  1) to understand the nature and persistence of race and ethnic identity as meaningful social groupings in contemporary society, and 2) to explain the social significance of these group identities - that is, how these groupings are related to social stratification, to socio-cultural relations, and to the political and economic dynamics in a society.
2105	SOC	573	S08-09		Inequality and Higher Education (Half-Term)	An examination of factors influencing who applies to and the probability of being accepted at academically selective colleges and universities.  Topics include race-conscious versus class-based affirmative action, the role of elite universities in promoting social mobility, recent U.S. Supreme Court cases, and current public policy controversies. The roles of students' race and social class background in issues surrounding campus life will also be examined.
2106	SOC	599	S08-09		Special Problems in Sociology: Sociological Epistemology (Half-Term)	This graduate mini-seminar intends to make epistemology practically useful for sociologists and social scientists.  While philosophers and sociologists alike tend to separate the theory of knowledge (epistemology) from the empirical study of the social ordering of knowledge (the "sociology of knowledge"), we will attempt to draw useful links between these two fields. We will seek to understand, on the one hand, the epistemological foundation of sociological inquiry and, on the other, the sociological foundation of rationality/knowledge production.
2107	SPA	102	S08-09		Beginner's Spanish II	The development of Spanish communication skills in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, writing and Hispanic culture appreciation. Language instruction complemented with audiovisual materials.
2108	SPA	107	S08-09		Intermediate/Advanced Spanish	Designed for students who have successfully completed SPA 102 or SPA 103.  An integrated approach to increase comprehension, oral and writing expression.  Class activities reinforce language skills through aural/oral practice, grammar review, vocabulary acquisition, reading, editing compositions, oral presentations, and discussion of contemporary Spanish short stories, music and films.
2109	SPA	108	S08-09		Advanced Spanish	An intensive course designed to prepare students to enter 200 level courses, with an emphasis on reading, oral and written proficiency.  The course is aimed at developing advanced syntactical and lexical competence which it addresses through frequent rewrites of compositions, oral presentations, discussions of contemporary Spanish literary texts, music and film.
2110	SPA	207	S08-09		Studies in Spanish Language and Style	An advanced course in Spanish composition and conversation. Its main purpose is to increase the student's fluency and accuracy in spoken and written Spanish.  Importance is also given to understanding elements of Hispanic literature and culture through literary texts, Hispanic periodicals, and films.
2111	SPA	209	S08-09		Spanish Language and Culture Through Cinema	A course designed to improve oral and writing skills, while significantly increasing students' knowledge of cultural affairs in an ever changing Hispanic world. A significant amount of time will be dedicated to intensive debate on a wide variety of topics presented in films. Students interested in contemporary cinema may find this course especially enlightening. The grammar component of the course aims to ease the path to a more fluent communication in Spanish. The diversity of Hispanic culture is presented from the standpoint of a selected number of film directors.
2112	SPA	222	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Latin American Cultures	This course offers an introduction to modern Spanish American literature and culture. It focuses on the complex ways in which cultural and intellectual production anticipates, participates in, and responds to political, social, and economic transformations in the 20th and 21st centuries. Through a wide spectrum of sources (essays, fiction, poetry, film, and art),  students will study and discuss some of the most relevant issues in Latin American modern history, such as modernity, democracy, identity, memory, and social and economic justice.
2113	SPA	228	S08-09	LA	Socio-Cultural Issues in Modern Spain: 1800 to the present	This course explores the cultural, social, economic, and political history of modern Spain from the early 19th century to the present. It discusses the role of war, memory, collective identity, citizenship and utopia, as they appeared in Spanish film, literature, and the visual arts.
2114	SPA	305	S08-09	LA	Topics in Spanish Civilization of the Golden Age: Gastronomy in Spanish  Literature	Cuisine is always more than nutrition; it  functions as an agent of identity at both the regional and the national level. Moreover, gastronomy intersects with other manifestations of culture such as painting, literature, medicine, and religion. Readings, in addition to cookbooks, handbooks of table manners, and medical treatises, will include literary texts ranging from medieval to Golden Age to modern.
2115	SPA	307	S08-09	LA	Advanced Spanish Language and Style	For advanced students of Spanish who want to expand their writing skills and improve their knowledge of grammatical structures which continue to pose challenges. Along with the study of grammar, this course aims at reaching higher levels of accuracy while expressing ideas and opinions in writing. Inspiration for written assignments to be drawn from literary works, journalistic writings and audiovisual materials. Combination of fairly intensive writing, reading and grammar based assignments.
2116	SPA	309	S08-09	LA	Translation: Cultures in Context	This course offers an introduction to the study and practice of translation and aims to provide students with an awareness of the complex tasks involved in translating written materials from one cultural context to another, in this case from the Hispanic to the Anglo-Saxon worlds. The cultural encounter and exchange between these two worlds will be explored through the translation of increasingly difficult texts, as well as art and moving images seen as textual work worth interpreting in Spanish. Through the examination of the students' own translations, the course will study the process of cultural exchange between Spanish and English.
2117	SPA	326	S08-09	LA	Modern Spanish Poetry	This course focuses on poetry and poetics in Spain from the late 19th century to the Spanish Civil War, and considers the rapport between poetical representation and the struggles of modernity. Texts of poets such A. Machado, J. R. Jiménez, Valle-Inclán, Lorca, Larrea and other writers will be analyzed in relation to social movements, imageries of cities and merchandise, and the revolution of technologies. Concepts such as Modernism, bohemia, vanguards and Generación del 27, as well as theoretical approaches to poetic texts, will also be discussed.
2118	SPA	342	S08-09	LA	Topics in Latin American Modernity: Reading the Present in Argentine Literature and Film	This course studies recent Argentine films and literary texts and how they approach the (historical) present through the concepts of space, time, and voice. The stories put forward by the novels, chronicles, short-stories, and film-essays focus on experiences of body and memory that are both political and uniquely personal. Readings include works by writers Sergio Chejfec, Matilde Sánchez, Martín Kohan, and filmmakers Martín Rejtman and Lucrecia Martel.
2119	SPA	350	S08-09	LA	Topics in Latin American Cultural Studies: Dictatorship and Transition in Southern Cone Cultures	This course focuses on canonical and recent cultural production within the experience of dictatorship and post-dictatorship in Southern Cone countries. We will analyze the crisis of representation and the configuration of the transition in terms of the reorganization of space, time, and visuality. The course includes canonical and non-canonical literature and cultural critique on the dictatorship and the transition, as well as visual materials dealing with the problematization of the gaze and the normalization of violence after the military regimes.
2120	SPA	427	S08-09	LA	Modern Latin American Cinema	The waves of cinematic modernism that swept world cinema beginning with neo-realism had a profound impact on the development of Latin American film. This class will provide a survey of aesthetic, industrial and political changes in Latin American filmmaking, locating the place of cinema in a rapidly changing cultural context. Among the directors whose work will be discussed will be Luis Buñuel, Glauber Rocha, Tomas Gutiérrez Alea and Raúl Ruiz.
2121	SPA	538	S08-09		Seminar in Golden-Age Literature: Inquisition and Literature	A study of the workings and cultural impact of the Spanish Inquisition from its establishment to its final abolition. Readings include trials for heresy, witchcraft, and sexual deviation, in addition to literary texts, both Golden Age and modern, involving or inspired by the institution.
2122	SPA	543	S08-09		Seminar in Modern Spanish Literature: Seminar in Spanish Film	An exploration of Spanish film since the fifties, with special attention to its socio-economic and political contexts.  Among the topics to be broached are: film as social protest censorship and creativity; history and memory; trauma and representation; violence and affections.
2123	SPA	548	S08-09		Seminar in Modern Spanish-American Literature: Freud at Large:Psychoanalysis Art and Lit.	An overview of the reception of Freud in Latin America with special emphasis on the transformation of psychoanalytic theory undertaken by artists and writers. Freud was read by figures as diverse as Octavio Paz, Frida Kahlo, Samuel Ramos, Salvador Novo, Martínez Estrada, Julio Cortázar, and each one of them used psychoanalytic theory for a completely different project. The seminar will examine how the Latin American political and cultural context of the 1920s and 1930s opened the door for a novel reading of Freud.
2124	SPA	550	S08-09		Seminar in Colonial Spanish American Literature: Extended Colonialities:LatinAmerica & Carib.	Course reviews a series of theoretical and cultural debates taking colonialism as a point of departure by first providing a general definition of colonialism, coloniality and postcolonialism, then addressing how these debates have been inflected in two geopolitical areas that share an extended period of colonialism: the Caribbean (1493- today) and Latin America (1520-1810).  Finally, each one of these developments are examined through symbolical productions to propose an alternative canon of post/colonial narratives to be studied in a comparative framework.
2125	SPA	551	S08-09		Memory and the Writing of the Self	This course studies the "autobiographical turn" in recent Argentine literary fictions and essay-films. The autobiographical turn is characterized  by the use of the first person and recurrent references to a private space paradoxically inhabited by a tension between an emphasis on personal experience and the subjective processing  of the social, cultural, and political past.  The focus of the course will be genres and works such as memoirs, testimonios, autobiographies, and diaries, which we will read in relation to former literary and artistic traditions of the Self and current theoretical debates on subjectivity, memory and  technology.
2126	SPA	1027	S08-09		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced Spanish	Spanish 102-7 is an intensive double course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Reading comprehension and oral proficiency as well as reading skills and grammatical accuracy will be developed through various activities.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will also be familiarized with some cultural aspects of the Spanish-speaking world through readings, videos and films. It is specifically designed for students contemplating study abroad and/or concentration in Spanish.
2127	STC	349	S08-09	SA	Science Journalism	This course will help students (science majors and non-majors alike) to develop their skill at writing about science and technology for non-technical readers.  Through class discussion, analysis of published writing and especially through extensive writing exercises, participants will learn to present complex information with both clarity and style.
2128	SWA	102	S08-09		Elementary Swahili II	Continuation of SWA 101.  It emphasizes on increasing proficiency in reading and listening comprehension, speaking, and writing activities in Swahili.   Cultural contexts of the east African societies where Swahili is spoken are incorporated in classroom activities in order to enhance communication and cultural proficiency.
2129	SWA	107	S08-09		Intermediate Swahili II	While it continues to emphasize on conversational fluency and  increased facility in reading and writing skills, this course introduces students to Swahili literature through which a survey on cultural aspects and more advanced grammer is undertaken.  Students will be able to understand and analyze the main ideas and significant details of materials in Swahili such as media articles, short stories, poetry, short novels, films and plays illustrative of  East African cultural issues and advanced level  Swahili grammar, as well as development of expository writing skills.
2130	SWA	305	S08-09	LA	Kiswahili Novel	Although the novel is the youngest genre in the Swahili critical tradition, it has experienced some of the most revolutionary and innovative experimentations since it gained mainstream prominence in Swahili literature, mainly during the post-colonial/independence literary revolution. This course is a reading of the Kiswahili novel with a critical analysis of the socio-political and critical trends in the literary world that have influenced the writings of contemporary Swahili novelists. The colonial/independence and post independence experience in east Africa are some of the motifs that inform the course readings and class discourse.
2131	THR	201	S08-09	LA	Beginning Studies in Acting: Scene Study	An introduction to the craft of acting through scene study monologues and, finally, a longer scene drawn from a play, to develop a method of working on a script.  Emphasis will be placed on honesty, spontaneity, and establishing a personal connection with the scene's substance.
2132	THR	302	S08-09		Introduction to Interdisciplinary Theater	Practicing thinking like a writer-who-thinks-like-an-actor-thinking-like-a-dancer-who-thinks-like-a-musician-thinking-like-a-painter-who-thinks-like-a-composer-who-directs. Exploring the theme of "the eye" (optics, sight, blindness, eclipse, illumination) from all theatrical angles (words, music, movement, sculpture, design), we build a multi-dimensional theatrical logic over the course of the semester. We will explore, provoke, invent, and analyze the phenomenal, the poetic, the sententious, the informative, the confrontational, and the entertaining.
2133	THR	305	S08-09	LA	Playwriting II: Intermediate Playwriting	A continuation of work begun in Introductory Playwriting. This class will focus on solo performance playwriting -- writing for a single actor, whether yourself or someone else.
2134	THR	311	S08-09	LA	Intermediate Studies in Acting: Creating Character and Text	Students will create an original theatrical event by addressing the challenge of representing abnormal psychology onstage using Sigmund Freud's case histories. Freud's detailed analyses of the inner lives of his patients provide rich dramatic material that will be explored through textural adaptation, physical and vocal work as well as an imaginative immersion in the world of fin de siecle Vienna. The course will culminate in an end-of-semester performance.
2135	THR	317	S08-09	LA	Theatrical Design	An exploration of the various aspects of theatrical design: lighting, set design, costuming. Emphasis will depend to some degree on instructor's area of interest and/or student interest. Studio projects will be designed to coincide with other theater and dance courses and currently scheduled productions. Critical discussion will explore the relationship between dramatic texts and design ideas.  {The Spring 2009 class will focus on Costume design.}
2136	THR	331	S08-09	LA	Special Topics in Performance History and Theory: The American Theatrical Set-Up	This seminar will focus on key professions (playwrights, directors, designers, actors, producers, dramaturgs), institutions (NY Shakespeare Festival, regional theater, the avant-garde), and controversies (NEA finding, non-traditional casting) in the American Theater.
2137	THR	367	S08-09	LA	Queer Theater	This course considers lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans/queer theater and performance in the US from 1960 to the present. Beginning with the emergent "gay sensibility" of Caffe Cino in New York to the Broadway success of male gay playwrights, the course will the study cultural and political contexts that enabled the increasing visibility and viability of LGBTQ theater. We'll analyze gender and racial imbalances in mainstream production, and ask why more queer people of color and more lesbians (white and of color) find their work taken up as "community-based" theater or solo performance that tour subcultural venues.
2138	THR	371	S08-09	LA	London Stages	This course will offer a survey of London-based drama and theatre from the Elizabethan period to the present, with an eye to the eight or so plays--and periods in theater history they represent--that we will see staged in London in March during spring break. Our historical focus will feature Shakespeare's Globe (and its current reincarnation) and the late-Victorian period. Our contemporary focus will be on the major institutions (the Royal Nation Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal Court, the Donmar Warehouse) and some seminal directors, actors, and playwrights.
2139	THR	401	S08-09	LA	Advanced Studies in Acting: Scene Study and Style	The course will focus on monologues and scene work from contemporary playwrights -   Lynn Nottage, Sarah Ruhl, Noah Haidle, Nilo Cruz, Tanya Barfield and Julia Cho.
2140	TPP	301	S08-09	SA	Seminar on Student Learning and Methods for Teaching	A study of essential methods of teaching, with an emphasis on matching instruction to learner characteristics and needs.  Students also become familiar with the organization and structure of educational institutions, development of curriculum and instructional goals, preparation of evaluation and assessment, and design of subject/level specific methodologies and classroom management techniques.  Students perform 18 hours of site-based field experience.  Students attend two seminar meetings and a weekly evening laboratory session.
2141	TPP	401	S08-09		Seminar on Education	Senior Seminar, taken concurrently with Practice Teaching (TPP402), is designed for those preparing to teach in public or private elementary and/or secondary schools.  Course content includes: the development of learning goals and rubrics for assessment, the study of national and local issues in education and their impact on schools, the examination of current literature and research on teaching and learning, the discussion and evaluation of each student's performance as practice teachers, and the use of research to measure the effectiveness of the teaching/learning process.
2142	TPP	402	S08-09		Practice Teaching	Supervised practice teaching in secondary or elementary school (a minimum of 10 weeks for seniors, and 12 weeks for 9th semester and graduate students).  Teaching is done under supervision of a master teacher and a program staff member who regularly observes and discusses the student's practice teaching.  Students gain firsthand experience in developing teaching strategies, planning and individualizing instruction, assessing student learning, and classroom management.  Must be taken concurrently with TPP 401.
2143	TRA	301	S08-09	LA	Introduction to Machine Translation	An introduction to machine translation (MT) from historical and commercial perspectives, covering the three main MT paradigms (direct, transfer, interlingua) with their respective strengths and limitations. The course covers techniques for processing human languages (morphological analysis, parsing, language generation) and the linguistic resources needed to transform them into machine processable form. Linguistic examples are used to motivate the need for such language processing techniques. The course also covers specialized topics such as domain-limited MT, human-aided MT, statistical/example-based MT, and speech-to-speech translation.
2144	TUR	102	S08-09		Elementary Turkish II	Familiarity with all grammatical aspects of Modern Turkish. Reading text of moderate difficulty; developing communicative skills: ability to comprehend and engage in daily discourse; ability to write short compositions.
2145	TUR	107	S08-09		Intermediate Turkish II	To enable students to communicate in Modern Turkish, and to read Turkish (current events, editorials, literature and academic writings) with some speed and accuracy.
2146	VIS	202	S08-09	LA	Introductory Drawing	This course approaches drawing as a way of thinking and seeing. Students will be introduced to a range of drawing issues, as well as a variety of media, including charcoal, graphite, ink and oil stick. Subject matter includes still life, the figure, landscape and architecture. Representation, abstraction and working from imagination will be explored. A structured independent project will be completed at the end of the term.
2147	VIS	204	S08-09	LA	Introductory Painting	An introduction to the materials and methods of painting. The areas to be covered are color and its interaction, the use of  form and scale, painting from a model, painting objects with a concern for their mass and interaction with light.
2148	VIS	212	S08-09	LA	Introductory Photography	An introduction to the processes of photography through a series of problems directed toward the handling of light-sensitive material, camera, and printing. Weekly laboratory sessions will explore the critical issues of the medium in relation to both student work and the work of guest photographers.
2149	VIS	222	S08-09	LA	Introductory Sculpture	A studio introduction to sculpture, particularly the study of form, space, and the influence of a wide variety of materials and processes on the visual properties of sculpture.  Students will develop an understanding of contemporary sculpture and a basic technical facility in a variety of materials and processes.
2150	VIS	232	S08-09	LA	Ceramics	This is an introductory level course designed for students interested in learning the fundamentals of working with clay.  A wide variety of hand building and wheel throwing techniques will be taught, enabling students to make utilitarian vessels as well as sculptural forms.  Students will learn about glazing and colored engobe application methods and how to operate electric and gas kilns.  Studio work may be complemented by readings, field trips and slide presentations.
2151	VIS	262	S08-09	LA	Introductory Video and Film Production	A film/video course introducing the techniques of shooting and editing digital video.  Works of film/video art are analyzed in order to explore the development of, and innovations in, cinematic language. Production is oriented toward film/video as a visual art, including narrative, documentary, and experimental genres.  Several short video projects produced during the semester.
2152	VIS	304	S08-09	LA	Intermediate Painting	This course is designed to allow students to explore more deeply the process and meaning of painting.  Students will complete a set of structured assignments and  are encouraged to develop an independent direction.  Contemporary critical theory is integrated into the course.
2153	VIS	309	S08-09	LA	The Handprinted Image: Intaglio and Lithography	This course introduces techniques of copper plate etching, lithography and relief printing. Assignments focus on applications of various printmaking techniques, while encouraging independent development of subject matter.  Critiques will occur throughout the term.  Students are encouraged to draw regularly outside of class to cultivate themes and content applicable to their prints.  Field trips to the University museum and the library's graphics collection will complement class work.  Additional independent workshop hours required.
2154	VIS	315	S08-09	LA	Digital Photography	An advanced seminar and lab which explores the aesthetic and theoretical implications of digital technology in relation to photography. The emphasis is on making the photographic print in the digital work space. Class will consist of both independent and collaborative projects.
2155	VIS	316	S08-09		Contemporary Practices in Photography	This is a project driven course for the intermediate or advanced studio student. This course explores the variety of ways contemporary artists have used photography since the 1950s, including but not limited to, documentary, conceptual, alternative processes and experimental methods, installation, narrative fiction or directional, collage and serial images, as well as traditional modernist methods. Each student will produce two independent projects that are intended to emulate the methodology and practice of a chosen contemporary artist.
2156	VIS	342	S08-09	LA	The Cinema from World War II until the Present	The history of sound, and color film produced since World War II. Emphasis on Italian neorealism, American avant-garde, and the accomplishments of such major film makers as Bergman, Hitchcock, Bresson, and Antonioni. Modernism in film will be a central consideration.
2157	VIS	362	S08-09	LA	Intermediate Video and Film Production	A second level film/video workshop focusing on digital media production.  Short works of film/video art will be analyzed in class as a guide to the  issues of aesthetic choice, editing structure, and challenging one's audience.   Students will complete two short videos and a longer final project. Students must view one film each week outside of class time.
2158	VIS	404	S08-09	LA	Advanced Painting	A studio course focused on advanced problems in painting practice, including  pictorial structure in abstraction and representation, color in relationship to space and light, working process, and materials. This course, although structured, encourages development of independent work. Group critiques will be conducted.  Students gain awareness of historical models as well as contemporary art, as they build and analyze the relationship between student work and contemporary painting culture.
2159	VIS	411	S08-09	LA	Advanced Problems in Photography	Student-initiated problems in photography will be explored in close working relationship with the instructor. Emphasis will be on integrating practice and critical thought.
2160	VIS	442	S08-09	LA	Film Theory	An examination of the central texts and abiding issues of the theory of cinema. Properties of the shot as a unit of film construction and its relationship to the space of reality. Different kinds of film structure and their theoretical underpinnings.
2161	VIS	462	S08-09	LA	Advanced Video and Film Production	There's making a conventional documentary, and then there's going out and filming the world to see what you see and to find what interests you.  The weekly screenings will include some traditional documentaries, but will concentrate more on recent iconoclastic versions of the genre.  The production side of the course will be open to both ways of working so that you can learn more about where your interests lie and how to express those concerns through image, sound and text.  After a few preliminary assignments, you will be free to choose whether to do one long piece or several short ones during the semester
2162	WOM	306	S08-09	LA	Women and Film	This course will explore the role of women filmmakers in European cinema from World War II to the present.  We will examine the way film artists (directors, editors, set designers, etc.) have identified with the visual image specific to the art of cinema and national cultures.  It will include Varda, Cavani, Wertmüller, Potter, Campion, and Holland among others.  Emphasis on cinematic, socio-ideological perspectives on the role of women in film.
2163	WOM	343	S08-09	LA	The New Woman in British Drama, 1890-1915	This course will look at a sample of the more ambitious turn-of-the-century British drama that addresses the changing political and social roles for women and the arrival of the so-called New Woman.  We will locate the plays in their immediate culture of performance, theatre-going, production, reviewing, response and promotion, as well as among the cultural assumptions and issues of politics and society in the time.
2164	WOM	400	S08-09		Contemporary Feminist Theory	This seminar focuses on the intellectual development of feminist theory, focusing on readings that have been historically influential and representative of varied theoretical perspectives. The ramifications of feminist theories for both social science and the arts will be explored.  Special attention will be paid to ongoing debates over social constructionism versus essentialism, identity politics and poststructuralism; sexuality and psychoanalysis, and the development of masculinity studies and queer theories.
2165	WOM	420	S08-09	SA	Born in the U.S.A.: Culture and Reproduction in Modern America	Reproduction is a basic biological process, as well as a fundamental one for all societies. While the biology of human reproduction is universal across time and place, cultural norms and social institutions powerfully inflect and shape the experience of pregnancy and childbirth in every society.  This course investigates the history and sociology of reproduction, focusing on the contemporary United States, but with an eye towards other societies for comparison.  How, why, and for whom does birth matter?  How do reproductive practices reflect gender, race, and class?  The course examines the culture, politics, and economics of reproduction.
2166	WRI	101	S08-09	W	Animal Mind, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2167	WRI	104	S08-09	W	Magic in the Middle Ages	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2168	WRI	105	S08-09	W	Magic in the Middle Ages	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2169	WRI	107	S08-09	W	Environmental Ethics and Politics	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2170	WRI	108	S08-09	W	Environmental Ethics and Politics	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2171	WRI	109	S08-09	W	Color	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2172	WRI	110	S08-09	W	Color	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2173	WRI	112	S08-09	W	American Dream in Fiction and Film, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2174	WRI	113	S08-09	W	American Dream in Fiction and Film, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2175	WRI	114	S08-09	W	Fourteenth Amendment, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2176	WRI	117	S08-09	W	Debating World War II	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2177	WRI	118	S08-09	W	Debating World War II	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2178	WRI	119	S08-09	W	1920s America	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2179	WRI	120	S08-09	W	Modern Memory	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2180	WRI	121	S08-09	W	Victorian Exotic, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2181	WRI	122	S08-09	W	Victorian Exotic, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2182	WRI	128	S08-09	W	Modern Crime Stories	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2183	WRI	129	S08-09	W	Modern Crime Stories	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2184	WRI	133	S08-09	W	Small World	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2185	WRI	134	S08-09	W	Small World	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2186	WRI	135	S08-09	W	Rumor and Urban Legend	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2187	WRI	136	S08-09	W	Rumor and Urban Legend	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2188	WRI	137	S08-09	W	Inquisition, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2189	WRI	138	S08-09	W	Inquisition, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2190	WRI	140	S08-09	W	Political Participation in American History	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2191	WRI	141	S08-09	W	Political Participation in American History	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2192	WRI	142	S08-09	W	Refugees, Immigrants, and Social Justice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2193	WRI	143	S08-09	W	Refugees, Immigrants, and Social Justice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2194	WRI	153	S08-09	W	Race in Hollywood	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2195	WRI	154	S08-09	W	Wal-Mart Nation	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2196	WRI	155	S08-09	W	Wal-Mart Nation	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2197	WRI	157	S08-09	W	Experience of Beauty, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2198	WRI	159	S08-09	W	Political Laughter	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2199	WRI	161	S08-09	W	Political Violence and Social Change	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2200	WRI	162	S08-09	W	Political Violence and Social Change	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2201	WRI	163	S08-09	W	Music and Madness	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2202	WRI	164	S08-09	W	Music and Madness	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2203	WRI	167	S08-09	W	Ethics of Human Experimentation, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2204	WRI	168	S08-09	W	Cold War Culture	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2205	WRI	169	S08-09	W	Cold War Culture	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2206	WRI	172	S08-09	W	Motown	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2207	WRI	173	S08-09	W	Sacrifice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2208	WRI	174	S08-09	W	Sacrifice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2209	WRI	175	S08-09	W	Archaeology of Sex and Gender, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2210	WRI	176	S08-09	W	Archaeology of Sex and Gender, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2211	WRI	177	S08-09	W	Human Rights in an Age of Terror	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2212	WRI	178	S08-09	W	Chesapeake in Colonial America, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2213	WRI	179	S08-09	W	Culture and the Human Body	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2214	WRI	180	S08-09	W	Culture and the Human Body	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2215	WRI	181	S08-09	W	Theatre of Everyday Life, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2216	WRI	182	S08-09	W	Theatre of Everyday Life, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2217	WRI	183	S08-09	W	Future of Food, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2218	WRI	189	S08-09	W	Graphic Novel, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2219	WRI	190	S08-09	W	Graphic Novel, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2220	WRI	194	S08-09	W	Antarctica	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2221	WRI	195	S08-09	W	Antarctica	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2222	WRI	501	S08-09		Reading and Writing About the Scientific Literature in English (Half Term)	This course is designed to introduce non-native English speakers to writing about the scientific literature. The course is open to current graduate degree candidates in science and engineering.
2223	WRI	501N	S08-09		Reading and Writing About the Scientific Literature in English (Half Term): Environmental Sciences	This course is designed to introduce non-native English speakers to writing about the scientific literature. The course is open to current graduate degree candidates in any area of environmental science, including civil and environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, atmospheric and oceanic sciences, ecology and evolutionary biology, geosciences, and related fields.
2224	WRI	501P	S08-09		Reading and Writing About the Scientific Literature in English (Half Term): Physical & Appl Phys Sci	This course is designed to introduce non-native English speakers to writing about the scientific literature. The course is open only to current graduate degree candidates in physics, astrophysics, mechanical and aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, materials science, and related fields.
2225	WRI	502P	S08-09		Writing an Effective Scientific Research Article (Half Term): Physical Sciences	In this course, students develop their expertise in scientific writing by drafting a research article based on their original work. The course is open only to current graduate degree candidates who have completed sufficient research to begin writing a research article for publication.  This course is most appropriate for students in physics, astrophysics, mechanical and aerospace engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, materials science, and related fields.
2226	WWS	300	S08-09	SA	Democracy	This course is intended to introduce Woodrow Wilson School students to the basic concepts and practices of democracy.  It will explore the following questions: How should we organize ourselves as a political community? Why should we live under democratic institutions? What should the limits of the rule of the majority be? Do we have political obligations to other nations and to other peoples? The course will examine the development of the idea of democracy, particularly among modern thinkers and review recent empirical work on the performance of democracy and democratic institutions in the contemporary world.
2227	WWS	301	S08-09	EM	Ethics and Public Policy	This course examines major moral controversies in public life and considers differing conceptions of justice and the common good.  It seeks to help students develop the skills required for thinking and writing about the ethical considerations that ought to shape public institutions, guide public authorities, and inform popular expectations. The course will focus issues that are particularly challenging for advanced, pluralist democracies like the U. S., such as justice in war, torture and terrorism, abortion and doctor-assisted suicide, markets and distributive justice, paternalism, and the place, if any, of religious arguments in politics.
2228	WWS	309	S08-09	SA	Media and Public Policy	Introduction to communications policy and law, covering such topics as freedom of the press and the development of journalism; intellectual property; regulation of telecommunications, broadcasting, and cable; and policy challenges raised by the Internet and the globalization of the media.
2229	WWS	315	S08-09	SA	Bioethics and Public Policy	Focuses on the relationship between selected issues in bioethics and their implications for public policy. Issues include the ethical responsibilities of doctor and patient to each other; the ethics of research with human subjects; the ethics of death and dying; the ethics of reproduction; eugenics; access to health care; the role of bioethics committees; and animal experimentation. Considers the history of cultural attitudes towards these matters, the contemporary policies designed to deal with them, and the landmark court cases that have focused on bioethics.
2230	WWS	317	S08-09	SA	Race and Public Policy	Analyzes the historical construction of race as a concept in American society, how and why this concept was institutionalized publicly and privately in various arenas of U.S. public life at different historical junctures, and the progress that has been made in dismantling racialized institutions since the civil rights era.
2231	WWS	320	S08-09	SA	Human Genetics, Reproduction, and Public Policy	Critical concepts in human genetics, evolution, reproductive behavior, embryology, and philosophy of science will be presented as a framework for understanding controversial human-affecting biotechnologies including embryonic stem cells, cloning, genetic selection, egg or womb vending, genetic engineering, and neuro-enhancement. Public perceptions and misperceptions of biotechnology will be explored through science fiction, movies, and popular music.  Consideration will be given to competing political, religious, and ethical claims of authority in accepting, regulating, or rejecting each technology in the U.S. and other societies.
2232	WWS	332	S08-09	QR	Quantitative Analysis for Public Policy	The course is designed for students preparing to incorporate statistical analysis in their policy research. In the context of case studies, it will cover the principal methods of data analysis and applied statistics in social science and policy research, including multiple regression, analysis of variance and nonparametric methods.  Students are expected to have some knowledge of basic probability and statistical concepts.
2233	WWS	333	S08-09	SA	Claims and Evidence in Policy Research	Concentrators will learn the foundations of research design, including how to formulate researchable questions from general topics and how to use empirical evidence to evaluate claims. Students will be exposed to a variety of substantive problems and research approaches that use qualitative and quantitative methods through critical reading of applied social science research. The course will also cover several practical aspects of research, including ethics and regulations concerning human subjects, use of library and reference search tools, and resources for acquiring and presenting of data.
2234	WWS	334	S08-09	SA	Global Environmental Issues	As the world population grows and becomes more industrialized, human impact on the global environment is also increasing. This course examines a set of global environmental issues such as population growth, climate change, ozone layer depletion, air pollution, loss of biological diversity, depletion of global fisheries, and the environmental consequences of energy supply and demand decisions.  It provides an overview of the scientific basis for these problems and examines current and possible future policy responses. One three-hour seminar
2235	WWS	402	S08-09		Policy Seminars	In policy seminars students work in groups first formulating the general problem, then engaging in individual research on subtopics, and finally presenting their inferences for discussion and debate and producing a collective policy report.
2236	WWS	453	S08-09	EC	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Judgment, Decision Making, and Well-Being: A Personal View	This course will cover the topics of judgment, decision making, and happiness from the personal perspective of a researcher who was involved in these areas for some decades.  The findings in these areas will be reviewed in light of recent developments in the psychology of intuition and in the study of well-being.  An objective of the course is to show how the language that experts use can be applied to describe the behaviors we observe every day, in ourselves and in others.
2237	WWS	456	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Urban Revitalization	This course will focus on the dynamics of urban revitalization.  Beginning in the 1950s, many neighborhoods that were home to the working class and a stepping stone to the middle class began to decline economically and became densely concentrated with the urban poor.  In recent years, many neighborhoods have been rejuvenated.  We will examine the lifecycle of these communities, the forces behind their decline, the policies and players that have spearheaded their revival, the reasons some neighborhoods have yet to recover, and the policy conflicts and community tensions that arise when gentrification gains a foothold in the inner city.
2238	WWS	461	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: China's Foreign Relations	This course will review and analyze the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to the present.  It will examine Beijing's relations with the Soviet Union, the United States, Southeast Asia, and the Third World during the Cold War, and will discuss the future of Chinese foreign policy in light of the end of the Cold War, changes in the Chinese economy, and the post-Tiananmen legitimacy crisis in Beijing.
2239	WWS	466	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: The Arab-Israeli Conflict	The course examines the history and dynamics of the struggle between the Jewish and Palestinian national movements for sovereignty and control over territory each claims as its historic homeland.  The course will review the inter-state dimension; the competition between national movements; wars and their aftermath; and diplomatic efforts to achieve peace.
2240	WWS	469	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: European Union	The European Union is an extraordinary political experiment.  It  has grown to a supranational polity composed of 27 member states governed by an ever-growing set of political institutions, and sharing common economic and social policies, a common foreign and security policy, and (for some member states at least) an agreement abolishing border controls and a common currency. The course  explores the political history of European integration in the post-war era, examines the EU's core institutions,  reviews the substance of major EU policies, and analyzes the key challenges facing the EU in the coming years.
2241	WWS	471	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Courts and Social Policy	This seminar explores the roles and functions of the judiciary in the modern state. It opens with an examination of two classic pronouncements about the role of the judiciary and will examine a variety of readings exploring what, in fact, judges do, how they interact with other branches of government, and what the consequences of their actions are. The course will focus on courts in the United States, but materials on other countries will be considered as well.
2242	WWS	472	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: The Economics of the Welfare State	All advanced countries have extensive "welfare state" programs that provide insurance against economic losses, support people with low incomes, etc.. But these programs vary widely in extent from the relatively small US welfare state, to the larger welfare states of much of Europe, to the generous programs of Scandinavia. At the same time, there is heated controversy about the effects of such programs. This course surveys welfare state programs, including health care systems, across various countries, analyzes the debates over their economic effects, and looks at the political economy of reform in the US and countries such as France.
2243	WWS	479	S08-09	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: International Development	This course will focus on less developed countries and will consider topics such as economic growth and personal well-being; economic inequality and poverty; intra-household resource allocation and gender inequality; fertility and population change, credit markets and microfinance; labor markets and trade policy.  It will tackle these issues both theoretically and empirically.
2244	WWS	502	S08-09		Psychology for Policy Analysis and Implementation	This course covers basic concepts and experimental findings of psychology that contribute to an understanding of the effects of policy on human behavior and well-being. Also covered are psychological factors that affect the formulation, communication, and execution of policy. Topics include a descriptive analysis of boundedly rational judgment and decision making, a consideration of social motives and attitudes, and an introduction to the ways in which agents influence and negotiate with one another, including an examination of the psychological roots of conflict.
2245	WWS	505	S08-09		Financial Management in the Corporate and Public Sectors	An analysis of the investment, valuation, and financing of the corporation, focusing on the application of economic theory and analytic tools to the solution of financial problems. The interrelations between investment and financing policies and their dependence on security valuations are stressed.
2246	WWS	508B	S08-09		Econometrics and Public Policy (Basic)	Provides a thorough examination of statistical methods employed in public policy analysis, with a particular emphasis on regression methods which are frequently employed in research across the social sciences.  This course emphasizes intuitive understanding of the central concepts, and develops in students the ability to choose and employ the appropriate tool for a particular research problem, and understand the limitations of the techniques.  Prerequisite: 507b.
2247	WWS	508C	S08-09		Econometrics and Public Policy (Advanced)	Discusses the main tools of econometric analysis, and the way in which they are applied to a range of problems in social science.  Emphasis is on using techniques, and on understanding and critically assessing others' use of them.  There is a great deal of practical work on the computer using a range of data from around the world.  Topics include regression analysis, with a focus on regression as a tool for analyzing non-experimental data, discrete choice, and an introduction to time-series analysis.  There are applications from macroeconomics, policy evaluation, and economic development. Prerequisite: grounding in topics covered in 507c.
2248	WWS	512B	S08-09		Macroeconomic Analysis	Covers the theory of modern macroeconomics in detail.  Focus is on the determination of macroeconomic variables - such as output, employment, prices, and the interest rate - in the short, medium, and long run, and addresses a number of policy issues. Discusses several examples of macroeconomic phenomena in the real world. A central theme will be to understand the powers and limitations of macroeconomic policy in stabilizing the business cycle and promoting growth.
2249	WWS	512C	S08-09		Macroeconomic Analysis (Advanced)	Course offers a broad treatment of macroeconomic theory and policy issues, using the formal methods of  modern macroeconomics. Topics will include long-run growth and development, labor, consumption, savings and investment decisions, the role of expectations, short-run fluctuations and stabilization policy, inflation and unemployment, trade and exchange rates. The course is advanced, so that: (i) having had some introductory course in macroeconomics is a prerequisite, and an intermediate-level one is best; (ii) the course requires a solid command of microeconomic theory (511 c or d) and good comfort with algebra and calculus.
2250	WWS	515B	S08-09		Program and Policy Evaluation	This course introduces students to evaluation. It explores ways: to develop and implement research-based program improvement strategies and program accountability systems; to judge the effects of policies and programs; and to assess the benefits and costs of policy or program changes. Students study a wide range of evaluation tools; read and discuss both domestic and international evaluation examples and apply this knowledge by designing several different types of evaluations on programs of their choosing.
2251	WWS	515C	S08-09		Program and Policy Evaluation	Introduces evaluation using advanced quantitative techniques. Explores ways to develop and implement research-based program improvement strategies and accountability systems; judges effects of policies and programs; assesses benefits and costs of changes. Uses domestic and international examples. Introduces a range of evaluation tools and designs by applying tools empirically with Stata, using data from several large-scale impact evaluations.
2252	WWS	516A	S08-09		Topics in Law and Public Policy: The Rule of Law	This course will consider the role of law in government and ask: When is a state constrained by law and when it may legitimately change or ignore the law by which it is bound? We will use a range of materials from fiction to court cases, from legal theory to political history, as we ask whether the rule of law is a value in itself, and whether there are any legitimate exceptions to it. In large measure we will proceed by negative example, considering cases from the US and comparative international.
2253	WWS	516B	S08-09		Topics in Law & Public Policy: Constitution Making	Constitution making or substantial constitutional change is now frequently a central part of democratic transitions. The goal of this course is to introduce students to the theoretical and practical issues that arise in constitution making and in the implementation of new constitutions, including transitional measures, legitimacy, public participation, comparative influences, and methods of adoption. We will draw from examples worldwide but will focus on a number of case studies from developing countries, most likely South Africa, Nepal, Kenya and Southern Sudan.
2254	WWS	522	S08-09		Microeconomic Analysis of Domestic Policy	Examines a series of major issues of policy designed to illustrate and develop skills in particularly important applications of microeconomics. Topics will include education and training, the minimum wage, mandated benefits, affirmative action, the theory of public goods and externalities, and the basic theory of taxation. Prerequisite: 511b.
2255	WWS	525	S08-09		Microeconomic Analysis of Government Activity	Analyzes government involvement in "market failures"; externalities (corrective tolls for congestion, environmental damage); "natural" monopolies (infrastructure- telecommunication, electricity-regulation and pricing); efficiency and equity aspects of excise and income taxes; and alternative social security structures and reform proposals in the U.S. and other countries. Prerequisite: 511c.
2256	WWS	528A	S08-09		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: An Historical Approach to U.S. Foreign Policy	This seminar will introduce students to U.S. foreign policy history and approaches. The seminar aims to demonstrate the utility of historical analysis for consideration of contemporary foreign policy challenges. Topics to be explored include global trade, nuclear policy, military intervention, decision making, development and foreign assistance, human rights, Congress and bureaucracies, the presidency and war, international institutions and the Cold War. To fulfill the promises of the course students will actively participate in class discussion, prepare several short papers and write a substantial review essay on a topic in US policy history
2257	WWS	528C	S08-09		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Education Policy	Considers the economic and policy issues involved in some of the major education reform proposals under discussion in America today.  The passage of the "No Child Left Behind" Act in January 2002 provided an important watershed event in educational reform, and the ramifications of its implementation are only beginning to be understood.  After some basic tools and approaches are covered, we consider many of the leading issues in education policy at the national, state, and local levels.
2258	WWS	528D	S08-09		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Work, Citizenship, and the Welfare State	This seminar will examine the connections between work and citizenship in the modern welfare state.  At times, citizens claim a right to work, workers assert a right to citizenship, and the state demands that its citizens work.  Work sometimes offers an alternative to the nation state as a site of community membership, and it can relegate people to second-class citizenship.  At issue throughout are basic questions about the foundations of solidarity and freedom, the relationship between economic and political status, and about how social policy interacts with differences of gender, kinship, race, class, and disability.
2259	WWS	528E	S08-09		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Leadership Theory and Practice	Course provides an introduction to leadership theory and helps students develop leadership skills. In addition to reading a wide array of texts on leadership,  each student will be actively engaged in creating and implementing a community service project, through which they will experience the core components of leadership; namely, creating a vision and enrolling others in that vision.
2260	WWS	534	S08-09		Land Use Policy and Planning	Examines theory and practice of land use policy and planning in the US. Explores concepts of sprawl and smart growth, then examines land use plan making, law, and regulation. Analyzes land use programs and issues at diverse levels of government, including state smart growth programs, regional agencies, fair share and inclusionary housing programs, open space conservation, and big city planning and redevelopment. Also analyzes the roles and interactions of executive agencies, courts, experts, advocates, property owners, profit-oriented and nonprofit developers, and citizens in land use issues.
2261	WWS	535	S08-09		Planning Methods	This course introduces a set of concepts and tools that are widely used in the practice of urban and regional planning. The focus is on developing an operational understanding of the models, techniques and data used in such applications as regional economic and demographic projections, cost-benefit analysis, and land use analysis. Emphasis is also placed on the limitations of the methods.
2262	WWS	538	S08-09		The Politics of Policy-making in Metropolitan Areas	Analyzes political life in urban areas.  Considers institutional arrangements of city politics, the role played by diverse communities in governance, and the intersection of local, state, and national governments in the policy process.  Specific attention is given to several issue areas: economic development, fiscal management, welfare, culture politics, and education.
2263	WWS	540	S08-09		Urbanization and Development	Examines the origins, types, and characteristics of cities in less developed countries and the ways in which patterns of urbanization interact with policies to promote economic growth and social equity.  Readings and class discussions address three areas: a) a history of urbanization in the Third World; b) an analysis of contemporary urban systems, demographic patterns, and the social structure of large Third World cities; c) a review of the literature on urban dwellers with emphasis on the poor and their political and social outlooks.
2264	WWS	542	S08-09		International Economics	Survey course in international economics for non-specialists. The first half covers microeconomic topics such as trade theory and policy, multilateral trade negotiations and regional economic integration. The second half addresses macroeconomic topics such as current account imbalances, exchange rates, and international financial crises. The course stresses concepts and real-world applications rather than formal models. Prerequisite: 511b and 512b (concurrently).
2265	WWS	543	S08-09		International Trade Policy	Evaluates arguments for and against protection and adjustment assistance and considers topics chosen from the following: non-tariff barriers, dumping, embargo threats and trade warfare, and the political economy of trade policy formation. Special attention is given to trade problems of the less-developed countries, including North-South trade relations and commodity price stabilization. Prerequisite: 511c.
2266	WWS	547	S08-09		The Conduct of International Diplomacy	Offers a comparative look at the making and implementation of policy in the international arena.  It explores key concepts and theories concerning national interest, negotiation, strategies of action and influence, crisis management and conflict resolution, and it applies those concepts via case studies and simulations in diplomacy, counter-terrorism, foreign assistance, and security policy.
2267	WWS	556A	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: Mediating International & Internal Conflict	On the basis of concrete international mediation experiences in Central America, Haiti, Cambodia, Burma, East Timor and Afghanistan, the course will discuss the various means of assisting in the settlement of disputes, the choice of mediators, the timing of mediation, and the difference between interstate and intrastate conflicts.  The course will focus on the role played by the UN, analyzing the roles of the Secretary-General and of its Inter-Governmental organs, the role of "Friends", the different roles of mediation and fact-finding, the tension between principles and morality and between impartiality, objectivity and neutrality.
2268	WWS	556B	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: Empires and Imperialism	Systematically situates America's informal empire in a comparative and historical context.  Major pointsof comparison will be colonial empires of 19th & early 20th century--Great Britain, Japan, and France--to show how America's empire is similar to and different from old colonial empires.  Assesses the historical origins of US foreign policies, but focuses on the more recent US role in Asia, Latin America, & Middle East.  Specific topics will include British colonialism in India and Nigeria, and Japanese colonialism in Korea.  The second half will focus on the global activities of the US.
2269	WWS	556C	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: International Strategy	Analyzes and compares national security strategies, military doctrine, alliance policies, and foreign economic policy. Examines how international structure, domestic politics, leadership psychology, etc. contribute to policy outcomes. Studies how strategies act as stabilizing or destabilizing influences in the international system. Topics include great power strategies before the two World Wars, American Cold War containment strategy, China's Cold War strategies, and factors for stability and instability since the end of the Cold War.
2270	WWS	556E	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: Russia and the EU	Examines the recent evolution of the institutional and strategic relationship between the EU and the Russian Federation and its future prospects.  Course analyzes the features of EU foreign/security policy machinery and the current state of EU/ Russian relations, and assess the official strategy papers produced by both Brussels and Moscow in order to articulate their respective goals for the relationship.
2271	WWS	556F	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: US Diplomacy & the Other Middle East	Seminar examines the political, social, economic and strategic dynamics within "The Other Middle East": the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and their primary neighbors, Iraq, Iran, Yemen and India. Course explores the context and complexities of the regional actors, how recent US policies have affected these states and the impact of the Iraq War on the region and on US influence and options. Topics include the role of religion, the growth of knowledge-based globalized economies, public diplomacy; the history of Saudi-Iranian relations, and the rise of regional actors, particularly Iran and India.
2272	WWS	556G	S08-09		Topics in International Relations: Terrorism & Political Violence	Course investigates the sources of violent extremism and surveys selected instances from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Conditions that favor radicalization, the circumstances in which it results in terrorism, and the justifications for violent action are also analyzed. Course  examines the role of terrorism in the strategies of states and subnational groups. Students will evaluate the nature and effectiveness of counter-terrorism policies in the United States, western Europe and Middle East. Finally, the future of terrorism and particularly the terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction will be explored.
2273	WWS	562B	S08-09		Economic Analysis of Development (Basic)	Introduction to the processes of economic growth and development.  The course examines various theories of development; poverty and inequality measurement; and the role of markets for credit, labor and land, as well as education and health, in development.  The role of public policy will be considered within each of these topics.  The course may also cover topics such as foreign aid, commodity pricing, and tax policy.  (Prerequisites: 511b; 512b can be taken concurrently.)
2274	WWS	562C	S08-09		Economic Analysis of Development (Advanced)	Course considers theories and evidence to explain processes of economic development.  The course examines theories of economic growth, and the two-way links between development and poverty, inequality, social institutions, and the family. Policy debates on education, health, and social policy, and governmental and international aid will also be covered.
2275	WWS	564	S08-09		Poverty, Inequality and Health in the World	About well-being throughout the world, with focus on income and health. Explores what happened to poverty, inequality, and health, in the US, and internationally. Discusses conceptual foundations of national and global measures of inequality, poverty, and health; construction of measures, and extent to which they can be trusted; relationship between globalization, poverty, and health, historically and currently. Examines links between health and income, why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich people.
2276	WWS	565	S08-09		State, Society, and Development	Explores the relation of development to regime types, authority, culture, and social integration. The syllabus includes recent sources as well as long-standing texts in social theory by authors such as Madison, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Polanyi, Schattschneider, Huntington, Geertz, W. A. Lewis, and Hirschman.
2277	WWS	568	S08-09		Health Care Policy in Developing Countries	Examines health care policy formulation focusing on developing countries.  Theory and practical lessons on how policy is, or isn't, translated into programs.  Global epidemiological threats to the infrastructure and financial stability of health care systems will be studied, in addition to: 1) how alternative health care finance and reform strategies facilitate or create barriers to achieving policy objectives;  and 2) explores the role of governments, WHO, NGOs, and donor agencies in setting the agenda for health policy.
2278	WWS	572A	S08-09		Topics in Development: Making Schools Effective in Developing Countries	This course is designed to help students understand what lessons for improving schools in developing countries can be gleaned from the empirical literature.  First, it will review the evidence regarding the quality of education in developing countries.  Second, it will consider various models of school effectiveness, and will examine the evidence related to the impact of various school inputs, including teacher quality and school management, on student learning.  Finally, it will examine the evidence linking control of schools, including parent and community participation, with better student learning outcomes.
2279	WWS	572B	S08-09		Topics in Development: Policy Implications of Globalization	Explores the historical background of globalization including previous examples of this phenomenon.  Proceeds with an overview of competing contemporary theories of the causes and consequences of globalization.  Discusses the types of data required for analysis of the policy implications of globalization and how these can be utilized. Emphasis on the use of transactional data using network analysis. Students will use primary sources and databases in discussions of policy areas including trade, migration, security, media, etc. No formal training in statistics, database management, or networks required.
2280	WWS	572C	S08-09		Topics in Development: Environment and Development	More than 25 years after the first U.N. Conference on Environment and Development, the issues remain very contentious. Considerable confusion and controversy prevails on the ethical, moral, theoretical and practical dimensions. There is inadequate appreciation of the fundamental differences in the perception of these concerns: local, national, global, rural, urban, the North and the South. This course will cover historical and theoretical debates as well as the specific concerns at the local, national and global levels. Specific attention will be given to South Asia, Latin America and the Amazon.
2281	WWS	572D	S08-09		Topics in Development: Democracy, Violence and Citizen Security	What is the relationship between violence and democratization? Why have new forms of violence peaked in some places and not others? This course will address violence in third-wave democracies in Latin America, Africa, and Eurasia by looking at theoretical debates, empirical patterns, and normative implications.  We will evaluate competing theoretical discussions of the role of violence in state building; analyze newly democratized cases in light of if/how/why they have (un)successfully secured citizen security; and finally, debate democratic policy options in light of the oft-cited tension between public order and civil liberties.
2282	WWS	576B	S08-09		Topics in Regional and Country Studies: From State Formation to State Collapse	An in-depth assessment of the state, beginning with the definitional question and exploring different approaches to the state. Course offers an historical analysis of the rise of states in Europe, the U.S. and other world regions. A third component explores the relationship between states and societies, focusing on cases from Europe, Africa and Latin America.  Finally, course explores the extent of state weakness around the world, and explanations for variation in the strength and stability of states.
2283	WWS	582D	S08-09		Topics in Economics: Evaluating Empirical Studies for Public Policy	This course introduces students to a disciplined approach to evaluating the credibility of empirical studies used in deciding public policy. The goal is to develop the ability to identify the crucial assumptions that are made to justify the inferences made from the data and also to explore ways of assessing the validity of those assumptions, and hence the studies' conclusions.  Prerequisite: 508c.
2284	WWS	582E	S08-09		Topics in Applied Economics: Energy Economics	This course examines the economics behind many issues related to energy use, including the investment and use of renewable and non-renewable resources, energy conservation, deregulation of energy markets, transportation, and energy independence.  In addition to lectures on the economics of each of these subtopics, we will discuss current policy options.
2285	WWS	582F	S08-09		Topics in Applied Economics: Financial Markets and Public Policy	Examines financial markets from both a theoretical and policy perspective. Topics include modern portfolio theory, financial asset pricing theories such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and derivative security pricing theories; key issues in corporate finance such as capital budgeting, capital structure and corporate governance. While modern finance is one of the more technically demanding areas of economics, course imparts the important concepts without a high level of mathematical rigor; the case format is used extensively. Prereq: 511c/instructor's permission.
2286	WWS	586D	S08-09		Topics in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy: Global Environmental Governance	Examines intl law & governance in the context of environmental problems. Considers the need for regulation under conditions of scientific uncertainty in issues such as climate change, bovine growth hormones, GMOs, fisheries management, biodiversity conservation, ozone depletion. Explores the efficacy of diverse regulatory approaches, mechanisms for scientific advice to policymakers & participation by business firms, NGOs. Considers intersections between environmental regulation (both domestic and international) with trade, investment, & multilateral development, aid programs.
2287	WWS	586F	S08-09		Topics in STEP: Information Technology and Public Policy	Course examines a range of infotech policy issues, including privacy, intellectual property, free speech, competition, regulation of broadcasting/telecommunications, cross-border/jurisdictional questions, broadband policy, spectrum policy, management of the Internet, computer security, education and workforce development, and research funding.  Assignments will consist of weekly reading/writing assignments, and final project.
2288	WWS	587	S08-09		Research Workshop in Population	A workshop focusing on individual research projects that involve the use of demographic analysis as it relates to issues in population policy or, occasionally, participation in the research conducted at the Office of Population Research. Prerequisite: SOC 571/ECO 571, Survey of Population Problems.
2289	WWS	590C	S08-09		Sociological Studies of Inequality(Half -Term)	This segment of the JDP seminar covers theory and research on social stratification, the major subfield in sociology that focuses on inequality. Course begins by reviewing major theories, constructs, measures, and empirical work on inequality. Weeks two through six focus on institutions that are expected to produce (and reproduce) inequalities, including families, neighborhoods, schools, labor markets, and penal policy.
2290	WWS	590D	S08-09		Psychological Studies of Inequality (Half-Term)	Two major areas of psychology make important contributions to the study of social policy  and inequality .  The first is social psychology, which focuses on inter-group relations, interpersonal perception, stereotyping, racism, aggression, justice and fairness.  These are the micro-level building blocks of structural inequalities and processes that are shaped by the larger context of race, ethnic and gender relations.   The second domain involves the fields of social-cognition, judgment and decision making , areas of research that study human information processing in a way that is not about individual differences, and often not social.
2291	WWS	594A	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): The Evolving Int'l Monetary System	Reviews the evolution of the international monetary system since the Second World War. Focuses on the roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the US dollar, but also examines the origins and functioning of the European Monetary Union, the emerging-market crises of the 1980s and 1990s, the international financial turmoil that began in 2007, the key role of the oil-producing countries, including Russia, and the outlook for monetary cooperation between China and its East Asian neighbors. In the last three weeks of the course, students will present brief oral reports on some of these issues.
2292	WWS	594B	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Lessons From OECD Social Policies (Sess 11)	How do patterns of poverty and social exclusion differ in the OECD countries, compared to the U.S.?  This course is organized along the lines of the life course, focusing first on poverty and deprivation among the very young, proceeding to problems of education, then examining aspects of family formation/household structure, and labor market participation.  We conclude with a discussion of old age poverty.  Within each segment, the course explores policy choices made by different kinds of countries in dealing with these problems and then asks to what extent the lessons are transferable to the U.S. context.
2293	WWS	594C	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Agricultural Development and Biotechnology	The world is facing an unprecedented agricultural crisis & a looming food security disaster.  In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development and to protect the environment, the world needs the best science and technologies that are available.  Genetically Modified (GM) crops have been successfully grown for over a decade now.  However, controversies surrounding safety, environmental impacts, and other socio-economic issues such as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & affordability have created real policy dilemmas.  This course will provide factual, empirical and evidence based knowledge and information on agbiotech policy issues.
2294	WWS	594D	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Humanitarian Crises	Examine efforts of intl comm., and UN, to respond to humanitarian, recovery & reconstruction challenges due to natural & man-made disasters.  Assess effectiveness of efforts to incorporate early warning & other natural disaster prevention measures; success of UN's Office of Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs in managing disaster response & record of humanitarian agencies in providing relief; role of UNDP & others in managing transition from relief to devt.  Examine new mechanisms to promote post-conflict reconstruction, assess efforts to address security req'ts in environments where a ceasefire/peace agreement has not put end to conflict.
2295	WWS	594F	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Political Economy of Education Finance	Providing primary and secondary education absorbs over 20% of state and local government expenditures in the U.S. The magnitude of spending needs and the large disparities in economic capabilities across school districts create great challenges for financing public education. Financing schools has become an arena for debate not only about education but also about redistribution. Course studies the political, legal, and economic challenges involved in education finance and the diverse ways being attempted to cope with them.
2296	WWS	594G	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): National Security in the 21st Century	Course reviews reports and books published over the past five years advocating a new U.S. national security strategy for the 21st century. A number of the authors will address the seminar, allowing for direct debate about the assumptions about the nature of 21st century threats and effective responses underlying different sets of recommendations. Course seeks to link these assumptions to different theories of international relations and geopolitics.
2297	WWS	594H	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): International Macroeconomics	Examines issues in open economy macroeconomics and international finance. Topics include current account behavior and capital flows, exchange-rate determination and dynamics, international financial market integration, macroeconomic policy under fixed and floating exchange rates, international policy coordination, and the history of the international monetary system. Special attention is given to the analysis of financial crises. Prerequisite: 512c or instructor's permission.
2298	WWS	594I	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): GIS for Public Policy (Sess I)	This course is designed as a practical introduction to the use of computer mapping (Geographic Information systems) for policy analysis and decision-making.  Students learn MapInfo through examples of map applications.  Students are expected to complete exercises and a final project applying GIS to a policy issue.
2299	WWS	594J	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Health and Nutrition in Developing Countries	Human growth has been described as "a mirror of society" in that the process of growth and development is exquisitely sensitive to environmental factors.  This course will be aimed at the non-biologist and will cover biology of growth and examination of critical periods of susceptibility to environmental insult. Other topics will be impact of social and economic factors, nutritional and epidemiological transition, and child growth in relation to health and disease in developing countries.
2300	WWS	594K	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half Term): The Development Challenge of HIV/AIDS (Session 1)	This seminar will review the origins of HIV, the multiple impacts of AIDS, the reasons for sustained global neglect, the foundations of effective prevention & treatment programs, & the urgent need to improve monitoring & evaluation.  Special attention will be given to the role of social factors in the epidemic.  Course participants will examine the policy-making process related to global public goods, & consider whether the world is better positioned to avert a resurgence of this pandemic or the emergence of the next threat.
2301	WWS	594L	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Military Force Planning and Decision Making	Issues of conventional force planning and military decision making are studied.  Course discusses service cultures, doctrines, capabilities, and limitations and broadly covers strategy, planning, readiness, force projection, employment, and logistics throughout the spectrum of conflict, including conventional war, the global war on terrorism and peacekeeping operations.
2302	WWS	594N	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): The Role of the U.S. Congress (Sess II)	Course examines how the Constitutional framework divides federal authority, how that shapes the role of Congress, and whether Congress is suited to undertake those responsibilities in the 21st Century.
2303	WWS	594O	S08-09		Election Strategies: How to Win Elections (Half-Term)	The most important decisions of American democracy--whether to go to war, how much each citizen will be taxed, the extent to which government will regulate private behavior, who will sit on the Supreme Court, how much support the government will provide to its neediest citizens--have one thing in common: all of those decisions will be made, ultimately, by those relatively few men and women who have and been elected to public office.  Policy analysts and advisors play an important role in shaping the public debate, but in the end, it is those whom the voters have selected who will decide.
2304	WWS	594P	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Terrorism	And investigation into the sources of violent extremism and a survey of selected instances of it, from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Conditions that favor radicalization, the circumstances in which it results in terrorism, and the justifications for violent action will be analyzed, as well as the role of terrorism in the strategies of states and subnational groups. Course evaluates the nature and effectiveness of counter-terrorism policies in the United States, western Europe and Middle East. Finally, the future of terrorism and particularly the terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction will be explored.
2305	WWS	594R	S08-09		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Management of Public Organizations	Course equips students with knowledge of management and leadership concepts to perform successfully and responsibly in public organizations. Course begins with a discussion of the nature of public administration and moves to concepts of organizational theory, organizational structure, administrative reforms, and decision-making mechanisms. Course also examines the people side of government organizations as well as management and leadership roles within organizations. Recent management innovations in the federal government will be discussed and considered.
2306	WWS	597	S08-09		The Political Economy of Health Systems	This course explores the professed and unspoken goals nations pursue with their health systems and the alternative economic and administrative structures different nations use to pursue those goals. The emphasis in the course will be on the industrialized world, although some time can be allocated later in the course to approaches used in the developing countries, if students in the course desire it.
2307	WWS	598	S08-09		Epidemiology	Measurement of health status, illness occurrence, mortality and impact of associated risk factors; techniques for design, analysis and interpretation of epidemiologic research studies; sources of bias and confounding; and causal inference. Other topics include foundations of modern epidemiology, the epidemiologic transition, reemergence of infectious disease, social inequalities in health, and ethical issues. Course examines bridging of "individual-centered" epidemiology and "macro-epidemiology" to recognize social, economic and cultural context, assess impacts on populations, and provide inputs for public health and health policy.